剖宫产术前补钙预防宫缩乏力性产后出血的效果评价

目的分析探讨产妇在进行剖宫产术前补钙以预防宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床效果,总结应用体会。方法选择深圳市盐田区盐田街道计生服务所于2014年12月—2015年12月期间收治的70例进行剖宫产的产妇作为观察对象,随机分为观察组35例与对照组35例,观察组患者于手术实施前静脉滴注葡萄糖酸钙注射液,对照组患者手术实施前不使用药物,观察两组患者的术中出血量、术后出血量、手术时间及住院时间等指标。结果观察组患者的术中出血量(178.79±23.44)m L、术后出血量(216.33±32.08)m L及术后2 h累积出血量(578.04±87.39)m L均显著少于对照组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的手术时间(34.36±5.15)min及住院时间(4.02±1.46)d均显著短于对照组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者对护理质量的总体满意度为97.14%,对照组对护理质量的总体满意度为80.00%,观察组显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论剖宫术前补钙,可以有效预防产妇产后出血,效果确切,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

对黏连性肠梗阻患者术后实施综合护理干预后的护理质量评价

目的探讨对黏连性肠梗阻患者术后实施综合护理干预后的护理质量。方法选取2014年1月至2014年12月期间在湖北省团风县人民医院接受治疗的腹部手术患者100例,将患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组患者50例。其中对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施综合护理干预,比较两组患者的临床护理效果。结果观察组患者黏连性肠梗阻发生率低于对照组,胃肠道功能的恢复时间均短于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹部手术患者术后实施综合护理干预可减轻对胃肠道功能的影响,降低黏连性肠梗阻的发生几率。     

临床分级护理干预护理后上消化道出血患者再出血率观察

目的研究临床分级护理干预护理后上消化道出血患者再出血率。方法选择2012年10月至2014年10月来孝感市中心医院就诊的80例上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上给予临床分级护理干预,护理结束后随访半年,观察两组再出血率。结果观察组护理后总有效率为97.5%,显著高于对照组的85%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后1月、3月及6月再出血率均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床分级护理干预可显著降低上消化道出血患者再出血率,提高总有效率。     

人性化护理对药流术效果及术后阴道出血量的影响

目的研究并分析对药流终止妊娠患者使用人性化护理后对其术后阴道出血量的影响效果。方法收集药流终止妊娠患者共130例,根据平行、单盲、随机对照的设计原则分为对照组(65例)和观察组(65例),对照组接受常规护理,观察组结合人性化护理,将两组患者的引产成功率、不良反应发生率、术后阴道出血时间以及出血量进行观察和对比。结果观察组的引产成功率明显高于对照组,观察组的不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,观察组的术后阴道出血时间显著短于对照组,观察组术后阴道出血量显著低于对照组,P0.05。结论在药流终止妊娠患者的护理过程中,人性化护理能够显著提高药流术的效果,并对术后不良反应和阴道出血量、出血时间进行干预,值得推广应用。     

护理干预对冠心病并糖尿病冠状动脉介入治疗并发症的影响

目的探究护理干预对冠心病并糖尿病冠状动脉介入治疗并发症的影响。方法选择佛山市第一人民医院自2013年5月—2015年5月收治的诊断为冠心病并糖尿病的90例患者,均给予冠状动脉介入治疗,并将其随机分为两组,对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予综合护理干预,观察两组患者护理疗效。结果观察组患者发生并发症的情况低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者满意率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);进行护理干预前两组患者的收缩压、血糖数值并无明显差异,给予干预后,观察组患者的收缩压、血糖数值明显低于对照组,对照组虽有所下降但并不明显,两组对比,差异显著(P0.05)。结论冠心病并糖尿病的患者使用冠状动脉介入术治疗,给予有效的护理措施后,取得了较好的临床疗效。     

预防性抗生素用于胆囊切除术对术后感染性并发症的预防作用

目的观察预防性抗生素用于胆囊切除术对术后感染性并发症的预防作用。方法选取2013年5月—2015年9月普宁市人民医院肿瘤外科收治的106例胆囊疾病患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组各53例,对照组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,观察组另行胆囊切除术及预防性抗生素治疗,观察两组围术期指标[手术时间、手术切口、术中出血量、住院时间],同时观察两组术后感染性并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、手术切口、出血量、住院时间治疗指标均较对照组小,只有住院时间两组间差异显著(P0.05),其它差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。且观察组术后感染性并发症总发生率1.89%较对照组11.32%低,但不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆囊切除术中合理使用预防性抗生素可显著减小患者住院时间,但对患者术后感染性并发症发生无显著预防作用。由于本次样本量较少,需进一步研究。     

不同肋间胸腔闭式引流治疗胸腔积液的疗效分析

目的探讨不同肋间胸腔闭式引流治疗胸腔积液的疗效。方法收集信丰县人民医院2015年1月—2016年1月86例胸腔积液患者,按照入院顺序分成观察组与对照组,观察组经第5肋间实施胸腔闭式引流术,对照组经第6、7肋间实施胸腔闭式引流术,对比两组患者术后疼痛评分、临床疗效、胸水完全吸收时间、引流管留置时间、住院时间及并发症情况。结果观察组术后疼痛评分均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05);两组胸水完全吸收时间、胸腔引流管留置时间、住院时间对比无显著差异(P0.05);两组并发症发生率对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论第5肋间的胸腔闭式引流术在胸腔积液的临床治疗中具有更好的效果,可缓解术后疼痛,值得临床应用。     

80例乳腺癌术后化疗致白细胞降低的护理措施及效果探究

目的分析乳腺癌术后化疗致白细胞降低的护理措施及效果。方法研究对象为佛山市第一人民医院2015年7月至2016年9月随机选取的80例乳腺癌术后化疗致白细胞降低的患者,研究对象分为对照组、观察组,每组纳入40例患者。对照组行常规性护理,观察组在常规性护理基础上行综合护理干预,总结归纳两组患者的护理效果。结果经综合护理干预,观察组护理效果更接近预设值,与对照组相比,护理有效率、护理满意度、感染发生率更为理想,存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对乳腺癌术后化疗致白细胞降低患者采取适宜的护理措施可降低并发症的发生率,增加化疗期间白细胞数量,进而改善患者预后,应用价值较高。     

舒适护理对剖宫产产妇术后应激反应及疼痛的影响

目的探讨舒适护理对剖宫产产妇术后应激反应及疼痛的影响。方法选取2012年6月至2015年4月来江西省丰城市泉港镇卫生院行剖宫产的足月产妇74例为研究对象。按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组孕产妇采取常规护理,对孕产妇进行手术前的准备工作,做好手术中的生命体征监测,术后做好全面的护理。在此基础上,实验组孕产妇进行舒适护理。观察产妇SAS评分、各项临床观察指标时间。结果实验组产妇术后第3 d SAS评分低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组肛门排气恢复时间、下地活动时间、泌乳时间均低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组产妇术后24 h CORT水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论舒适护理可改善产妇疼痛,减少应激反应。     

剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术临床疗效分析

目的通过回顾性研究剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术的可行性和安全性。方法选择2012年1月至2014年12月在天津市武清区中医医院行剖宫产同时剔除子宫肌瘤患者26例作为研究组,同时选取同期无子宫肌瘤仅行单纯剖宫产40例作为对照组。比较两组患者间手术时间、手术出血量、住院时间、产褥病率及术后恢复情况差异。结果研究组患者手术时间显著长于对照组,P0.05。两组患者间手术出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间、产褥病率、血性恶露时间、恶露排净时间等指标均无统计学差异,P0.05。结论剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术安全可靠,具有很好的临床适用性。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Conferences in Chemistry Held in 2022

Russian Chemical Bulletin -