CuCl2和CuSO4的核磁共振系数、粘度系数及其与水分子结构的关系

测定了较低浓度范围内CuCl2、CuSO4水溶液的粘度系数(B)、核磁共振(NMR)系数(B')及其对水17O NMR化学位移的影响,进一步计算了Cu2+、C1-、SO2-4的粘度系数及核磁共振系数,并与文献值进行了比较.利用17O NMR化学位移、粘度系数和核磁共振系数与水团簇结构和水分子缔合的关系,分析了CuCl2、CuSO4对水结构的影响.结果表明,CuCl2和CuSO4均具有促进水分子缔合,使水团簇加大的作用,且CuSO4对水的缔合作用大于CuCl2,Cl-对水缔合的破坏作用大于SO2-4作为顺磁离子,在核磁共振弛豫过程中,具有明显的缩短水中质子的自旋-晶格弛豫时间,使谱线变宽的作用.     

CuCl2和CuSO4的核磁共振系数、粘度系数及其与水分子结构的关系（英文）

测定了较低浓度范围内CuCl2、CuSO4水溶液的粘度系数（B）、核磁共振（NMR）系数（B′）及其对水17ONMR化学位移的影响,进一步计算了Cu2＋、Cl-、SO420-的粘度系数及核磁共振系数,并与文献值进行了比较.利用17ONMR化学位移、粘度系数和核磁共振系数与水团簇结构和水分子缔合的关系,分析了CuCl2、CuSO4对水结构的影响.结果表明,CuCl2和CuSO4均具有促进水分子缔合,使水团簇加大的作用,且CuSO4对水的缔合作用大于CuCl2,Cl-对水缔合的破坏作用大于SO420-.Cu2＋作为顺磁离子,在核磁共振弛豫过程中,具有明显的缩短水中质子的自旋-晶格弛豫时间,使谱线变宽的作用.     

拉曼光谱法测定冷冻对CuCl2与牛血清白蛋白作用的影响

用CuCl2溶液密度和粘度的变化表征溶液团簇结构的变化,发现CuCl2溶液经冷冻处理后,由于在水的微观结构上形成许多靠氢键结合的小水分子团簇结构,水分子氢键网络的缔合程度变大,溶液密度降低,粘度增大。采用激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱法对冷冻前后CuCl2溶液与BSA相互作用进行研究,结果表明:Cu2+与BSA作用后,BSA酰胺I带特征峰发生位移,β-折叠构象增加,二硫键构象和酪氨酸外环境发生变化。CuCl2溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后,引起BSA酰胺I带特征峰发生位移的程度和对酪氨酸残基的影响变小,这种相互作用趋弱的效应与水分子团簇结构的变化有关。     

特殊缔合体系TFE水溶液分子动力学模拟

三氟乙醇(TFE)水溶液是一类特殊的缔合体系. 采用分子动力学模拟方法结合核磁共振化学位移研究了TFE水溶液体系全浓度范围的氢键网络, 并对动力学模拟结果和核磁共振化学位移进行了比较. 从径向分布函数(RDF)发现, TFE水溶液中存在着强氢键, 而体系中的C—H…O弱相互作用较为明显, 也不能忽略. 氢键网络分析发现TFE 水溶液体系的氢键大致分为以下三个区域: 在水富集区域, 水分子倾向于自身缔合形成稳定的簇结构, 随着TFE 浓度的增加, 水的有序结构受到破坏, 水分子和TFE分子发生交叉缔合作用形成氢键; 在TFE富集区域, 水分子较少, TFE分子自身通过氢键形成多缔体结构. 此外, 分子动力学统计的平均氢键数的变化和文献报导的核磁共振化学位移变化趋势相同, 实验和理论的结果吻合较好.     

无机物离子对CuS微晶形态结构的有效调控

以CuCl2·3H2O,Cu（CH3COO）2·H2O和CuSO4·5H2O作为铜源,并向反应体系中引入少量NaCl或NaNO3,通过乙二醇溶剂中的溶剂热反应,合成了形貌各异的CuS微晶．结合XRD和SEM表征,初步探讨了阴离子Cl-、CH3COO-、SO4^2-和阳离子Na’对CuS微晶生长过程的影响．结果表明,Na＋对CuS微晶的生长过程没有显著影响,而Cl、CH3COO-、SO4^2-由于在{1012}晶面上选择性吸附能力的差异,显著影响CuS微晶的形貌．本研究为进一步有效调控CuS微晶的形貌及性能奠定了基础．     

浓度及冷冻-解冻处理对CuCl_2水溶液中Cu~(2+)区域结构的影响

应用扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)光谱研究了CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+的区域环境结构,通过测定CuCl2水溶液在不同浓度条件下及冷冻-解冻(FT)处理前后CuK边EXAFS吸收谱,研究了浓度及冷冻-解冻处理对Cu2+第一配位层结构的影响.EXAFS实验结果表明,CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+第一配位层距离中心原子Cu最近邻原子为O原子,配位数介于3.0-4.3之间,Cu—O键长在0.192-0.198nm之间,这种结构与Cu2+的Jahn-Teller效应有关.不同浓度的CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+的区域环境结构有很大不同,随着CuCl2水溶液浓度的升高,Cu2+第一配位层配位数减小,Cu—O键伸长.结构参数拟合结果证实冷冻-解冻处理对Cu2+的区域环境结构有影响,CuCl2溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后,Cu2+第一配位层配位数变大,热无序度增加.     

浓度及冷冻鄄解冻处理对CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+区域结构的影响

应用扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)光谱研究了CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+的区域环境结构, 通过测定CuCl2水溶液在不同浓度条件下及冷冻-解冻(FT)处理前后Cu K边EXAFS 吸收谱, 研究了浓度及冷冻-解冻处理对Cu2+第一配位层结构的影响. EXAFS实验结果表明, CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+第一配位层距离中心原子Cu最近邻原子为O原子, 配位数介于3.0-4.3之间, Cu—O键长在0.192-0.198 nm 之间, 这种结构与Cu2+的Jahn-Teller效应有关. 不同浓度的CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+的区域环境结构有很大不同, 随着CuCl2水溶液浓度的升高, Cu2+第一配位层配位数减小, Cu—O键伸长. 结构参数拟合结果证实冷冻-解冻处理对Cu2+的区域环境结构有影响, CuCl2溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后, Cu2+第一配位层配位数变大, 热无序度增加.     

一个被席夫碱配体支撑的一维梯形水簇Bpcmda·4H_2O的合成和表征

合成了化合物Bpcmda·4H2O ,利用IR、元素分析、1H NMR和单晶X-射线衍射进行了表征.详细的结构分析表明Bpcmda·4H2O中的溶剂水分子以O-H...O氢键的相互作用形成了一个沿着b轴伸展的独一无二的梯形水簇.     

离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酸盐与水之间的氢键作用(英文)

通过衰减全反射红外(ATR-IR)光谱、二维红外相关谱结合量子化学计算研究了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酸盐([emim][OTf])和水之间的氢键作用.结果表明,在[emim][OTf]-水体系中,当水的浓度较低时(0.1x(D2O)0.3),水分子的主要存在形式是包裹在离子液体中的没有缔合的单体.水分子优先填充到[emim][OTf]的空隙中,并且与[emim][OTf]的阴离子形成"[OTf]-…HOH…[OTf]-"结构,水分子与[emim][OTf]的阳离子的相互作用位点是烷基氢而不是芳香氢;当水分子浓度较高时,水分子倾向于自身缔合形成小团簇结构,水分子与[emim][OTf]的阳离子的相互作用位点是芳香氢而不是烷基氢.     

Cu(I)/SO2-4/ZnO和Cu(I)/S2O2-8/ZnO催化剂的制备与表征

采用浸渍法对无定形ZnO分别用稀H2SO4和(NH4)2S2O8溶液处理,制备了SO2-4/ZnO和S2O2-8/ZnO固体酸.通过固体离子交换法制备了Cu(Ⅰ)/SO2-4/ZnO和Cu(Ⅰ)/S2O2-8/ZnO两种催化剂,并采用XRD,FTIR,TPD和TPR等进行了表征.研究结果表明,用稀H2SO4和(NH4)2S2O8溶液分别浸渍处理无定形ZnO,经过500～600 ℃高温焙烧后得到的SO2-4/ZnO和S2O2-8/ZnO固体酸表面形成了Zn3O(SO4)2物种;py-FTIR结果表明,两者均具有B酸中心和L酸中心,进一步的NH3-TPD研究结果证明,制备的固体酸NH3脱附峰均出现在543 ℃附近,属于高强度固体酸.结构分析认为,由于SO2-4强烈的电子诱导作用,SO2-4和ZnO形成的桥式配位物种产生了B酸中心和L酸中心,而其螯合配位形成的物种没有酸性.SO2-4/ZnO和S2O2-8/ZnO固体酸与CuCl进行离子交换所制备的Cu(Ⅰ)/SO2-4/ZnO和Cu(Ⅰ)/S2O2-8/ZnO催化剂的Cu(Ⅰ)易于还原,对甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)表现出较高的活性和选择性,DMC选择性为98.3%,时空收率可达到1.9 g(g\5h).     

Raman spectra and O NMR study effects of CaCl2 and MgCl2 on water structure

With various concentrations of CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ aqueous solution below 1.0 mol/l, Raman spectra of water in the OH stretch region of 2500-4000 cm⁻¹ and ¹⁷O NMR chemical shift of water are measured and the Raman spectra are deconvoluted. Both Raman spectra and ¹⁷O NMR of water show that the effect of Ca²⁺ on water structure is stronger than that of Mg²⁺. CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ destroy four hydrogen bonded water structure, but promote median water cluster size.     

CuO/Al2O3催化剂中毒与氧吸附

The effect of CuSO4 on the property of catalyst CuO/Al2O3 hasbeen investigated. The TPD-MS results showed that the amount of oxygen adsorbed on the surface of CuSO4-CuO/Al2O3 increased with CuSO4 content in the catalyst and the oxygen desorbed only at temperature above 900 K. TPSR results showed three adsorption sites of NO on the surface of CuO/Al2O3, respectively at 398, 643 and 683 K. The active site at 683 K was for NO decomposition and it was poisoned seriously when there was CuSO4 in the CuO/Al2O3. For CuSO4-CuO/Al2O3 the amount of N2O formed from NO decomposition reduced probably due to the increase of oxygen species in the catalyst.     

(μ3-S)FeCo2(CO)7(dppfe)的合成和晶体结构

通过简单取代反应,合成了一个新的混金属簇合物(μ3-S)FeCo2(CO)7(dppfe) (2) (dppfe=Ph2PC5H4FeC5H4PPh2).利用IR,1H NMR,MS 和 X-ray单晶衍射的方法对簇合物2进行了结构表征.簇合物2的晶体属于三斜晶系,空间群为Pī.晶胞参数: a=1.132 4(15) nm, b=1.3670(17) nm, c=1.5769(2) nm,α=114.646(2)°,β=100.340(2)°,γ=100.113(3)°, V=2.0953(5) nm3.     

Diastereomeric difference of inclusion modes between (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (+)-gallocatechin gallate, with beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solvent

Inclusion complexes of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) as well as (+)-gallocatechin gallate (GCg) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in an aqueous solution were investigated using several NMR techniques and a computational method. ECg and EGCg formed a 1:1 complex with beta-CD, in which the A ring and a portion of the C ring were included from the wide secondary hydroxyl group side of the beta-CD cavity, and the B and B' rings were left outside the cavity. GCg formed a 1:2 complex with beta-CD, in which the A and B rings of GCg were included by two molecules of beta-CD. The difference between the two modes of inclusion of the 1:1 complex of ECg, EGCg.beta-CD and the 1:2 complex of GCg.beta-CD might have resulted from the size of the space between the B and B' rings in aqueous solution. As a result of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments, GCg was considered to have a large enough space between the B and B' rings to include the B ring in the beta-CD cavity; on the other hand, ECg and EGCg have no such large space.     

Convergent synthesis of the potent P2Y receptor antagonist MG 50-3-1 based on a regioselective Ullmann coupling reaction

MG 50-3-1 (3, trisodium 1-amino-4-{4-[4-chloro-6-(2-sulfophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino]-2-sulfophenylamino}-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene 2-sulfonate) is the most potent and selective antagonist (IC?? 4.6 nM) for "P2Y?-like" nucleotide-activated membrane receptors in guinea-pig taenia coli responsible for smooth muscle relaxation. Full characterization of the compound, however, e.g., at the human P2Y? receptor, which is a novel potential target for antithrombotic drugs, as well as other P2 receptor subtypes, has been hampered due to difficulties in synthesizing the compound in sufficient quantity. MG 50-3-1 would be highly useful as a biological tool for detailed investigation of signal transduction in the gut. We have now developed a convenient, fast, mild, and efficient convergent synthesis of 3 based on retrosynthetic analysis. A new, regioselective Ullmann coupling reaction under microwave irradiation was successfully developed to obtain 1-amino-4-(4-amino-2-sulfophenylamino)-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-anthracene 2-sulfonate (8). Four different copper catalysts (Cu, CuCl, CuCl?, and CuSO?) were investigated at different pH values of sodium phosphate buffer, and in water in the absence or presence of base. Results showed that CuSO? in water in the presence of triethylamine provided the best conditions for the regioselective Ullmann coupling reaction yielding the key intermediate compound 8. A new synthon (sodium 2-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonate, 13) which can easily be obtained on a gram scale was prepared, and 13 was successfully coupled with 8 yielding the target compound 3.     

CuCl2硅溶胶和水溶液中铜的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了CuCl2硅溶胶和水溶液中铜在玻碳电极上的电沉积和电结晶行为.结果表明在两种CuCl2电解质中,铜的电沉积分两个步骤完成,Cu2+还原为Cu+在硅溶胶中较水溶液中容易;采用吸附-成核模型解析电流-时间暂态曲线,并确定铜的电结晶机理为扩散控制下的连续成核三维生长(3DP),Cu2+在水溶液中的扩散系数较硅溶胶中的大,但相同电位下在硅溶胶中的饱和成核数密度高于水溶液中.     

CuCl3]- and [CuCl4]2- hydrates in concentrated aqueous solution: a density functional theory and ab initio study

In this work, structures and thermodynamic properties of [CuCl(3)](-) and [CuCl(4)](2-) hydrates in aqueous solution were investigated using density functional theory and ab initio methods. Contact ion pair (CIP) and solvent-shared ion pair (SSIP) structures were both taken into account. Our calculations suggest that [CuCl(3)(H(2)O)(n)](-) clusters might favor a four-coordinated CIP structure with a water molecule coordinating with the copper atom in the equatorial position for n = 3 and 4 in aqueous solution, whereas the four-coordinated SSIP structure with one chloride atom dissociated becomes more stable as n increases to 5. For the [CuCl(4)](2-) cluster, the four-coordinated tetrahedron structure is more stable than the square-planar one, whereas for [CuCl(4)(H(2)O)(n)](2-) (n ≥ 1) clusters, it seems that four-coordinated SSIP structures are slightly more favorable than CIP structures. Our calculations suggest that Cu(2+) perhaps prefers a coordination number of 4 in CuCl(2) aqueous solution with high Cl(-) concentrations. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations suggest that there is obvious charge transfer (CT) between copper and chloride atoms in [CuCl(x)](2-x) (x = 1-4) clusters. However, compared with that in the [CuCl(2)](0) cluster, the CT between the copper and chloride atoms in [CuCl(3)](-) and [CuCl(4)](2-) clusters becomes negligible as the number of attached redundant Cl(-) ions increases. This implies that the coordination ability of Cl(-) is greatly weakened for [CuCl(3)](-) and [CuCl(4)](2-) clusters. Electronic absorption spectra of these different hydrates were obtained using long-range-corrected time-dependent density functional theory. The calculated electronic transition bands of the four-coordinated CIP conformer of [CuCl(3)(H(2)O)(n)](-) for n = 3 and 4 are coincident with the absorption of [CuCl(3)](-)(aq) species (～284 and 384 nm) resolved from UV spectra obtained in CuCl(2) (ca. 10(-4) mol·kg(-1)) + LiCl (>10 mol·kg(-1)) solutions, whereas the calculated bands of [CuCl(3)(H(2)O)(n)](-) in their most stable configurations are not when n = 0 - 2 or n > 4, which means that the species [CuCl(3)](-)(aq) exists in those CuCl(2) aqueous solutions in which the water activity is neither too low nor too high. The calculated bands of [CuCl(4)(H(2)O)(n)](2-) clusters correspond to the absorption spectra (～270 and 370 nm) derived from UV measurements only when n = 0, which suggests that [CuCl(4)](2-)(aq) species probably exist in environments in which the water activity is quite low.     

六棱柱型金属团簇化合物Mo2Ag4S8(dppy)4的合成与非线性光学性质

新合成了一种六棱柱型金属团簇化合物Mo2Ag4S8(dppy)4, 并用X射线单晶衍射结构分析方法测定了其晶体结构. 应用Z-scan技术研究了该金属团簇化合物在波长为532 nm的纳秒激光脉冲作用下的三阶非线性光学特性. 为了研究Mo2Ag4S8(dppy)4的非线性起源, 应用泵浦探测技术研究了该金属团簇化合物在波长为532 nm的皮秒激光脉冲作用下的光学非线性响应. 实验结果表明金属团簇化合物Mo2Ag4S8(dppy)4具有自聚焦特性和非线性吸收特性; 非线性折射率n2, 非线性吸收系数β和非线性极化率χ(3)分别为1.45×10－10 esu, 6.2×10－10 m/W及2.1×10－11 esu. 实验结果表明金属团簇化合物Mo2Ag4S8(dppy)4的光学非线性响应是非线性吸收和非线性散射共同作用的结果.