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1.
J. W. Mietelski P. Szwako E. Tomankiewicz P. Gaca S. Maek J. Barszcz S. Grabowska 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2004,262(3):645-660
Results for 137Cs, 40K, 90Sr, 238,239+240Pu, 241Am and 243+244Cm measurements in plant, insects and forest litter samples collected at three sites in Poland are presented. New results are compared with some existing data for locations examined during previous studies. Insect samples were introduced now for the first time. Relatively high activities of 90Sr were noticed for spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and those for 137Cs, plutonium and 241Am for forest dung beetle (Anoplotrupes stercorosus). Faster than caused by physical decay decrease of radiocesium activity was noticed for the majority of plant and litter samples. The results for 239+240Pu for litter were similar to previous results, but the activities of 238Pu were smaller. The activity ratio between 241Am and 239+240Pu was found lower than expected for known proportions between global and Chernobyl fallout. Thus a kind of dynamic behavior of Pu and Am in the forest ecosystem is concluded. Transfer factors and aggregation coefficients were estimated and discussed for both plants and insects as well as between insects and the part of plants (or litter) they feed on. Many of them were never presented before.The authors are thankful to the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research for financial support of this investigation, Grant No. PG04 07520. 相似文献
2.
J. W. Mietelski B. Kubica P. Gaca E. Tomankiewicz S. Błażej M. Tuteja-Krysa M. Stobiński 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,275(3):523-533
Activity concentrations and inventory for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Am, 90Sr, and 137Cs in soil from Tatra Mountains of Poland are presented. Soil samples were collected using 10 cm diameter cores down to 10
cm and sliced into 3 slices. Details of the applied procedure are described with the quality assurance program. The maximum
activity concentrations found for various samples were: 1782±13 Bq/kg, 17.4±0.9 Bq/kg, 3.4±0.3 Bq/kg and 84±7 Bq/kg for 137Cs, 239+240Pu, 241Am and 90Sr, respectively. The maximum cumulated deposition of 239+240Pu is 201±8 Bq/m2. The origin of radionuclides is discussed, based mostly on the observed isotopic ratio of Pu. Significant correlations were
found between 239+240Pu, 241Am and 137Cs. The effective vertical migration rate seems to be in the order of: 90Sr≫Pu>Am>Cs. 相似文献
3.
W. L. Robison C. L. Conrado T. F. Hamilton A. C. Stoker 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,243(2):459-465
The United States conducted a series of nuclear tests from 1946 to 1958 at Bikini, a coral atoll, in the Marshall Islands (MI). The aquatic and terrestrial environments of the atoll are still contaminated with several long-lived radionuclides that were generated during testing. The four major radionuclides found in terrestrial plants and soils are cesium-137, strontium-90, plutonium-239+240 and americium-241. Cesium-137 in the coral soils is more available for uptake by plants than 137Cs associated with continental soils of North America or Europe. Soil-to-plant 137Cs median concentration ratios (CR) (kBq·kg-1 dry weight plant/kBq·kg-1 dry weight soil) for tropical fruits and vegetables range between 0.8 and 36, much larger than the range of 0.005 to 0.5 reported for vegetation in temperate zones. Conversely, 90Sr median CRs range from 0.006 to 1.0 at the atoll versus a range from 0.02 to 3.0 for continental silica-based soils. Thus, the relative uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr by plants in carbonate soils is reversed from that observed in silica-based soils. The CRs for 239+240Pu and 241Am are very similar to those observed in continental soils. Values range from 10-6 to 10-4 for both 239+240Pu and 241Am. No significant difference is observed between the two in coral soil. The uptake of 137Cs by plants is enhanced because of the absence of mineral binding sites and the low concentration of potassium in the coral soil. Cesium-137 is bound to the organic fraction of the soil, whereas 90Sr, 239+240Pu and 241Am are primarily bound to soil particles. Assessment of plant uptake for 137Cs and 90Sr into locally grown food crops was a major contributing factor in: (1) reliably predicting the radiological dose for returning residents and (2) developing a strategy to limit the availability and uptake of 137Cs into locally grown food crops. 相似文献
4.
D. Desideri S. Giuliani C. Testa C. Triulzi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2003,258(2):221-225
During the last 14 years the Radioecology Laboratory of Parma University and the General Chemistry Institute of Urbino University collaborated on a radioecological programme having the aim to observe the evolution of antropogenic radioactivity in Antarctica in the period 1987-2001. The artificial radionuclides considered were 90Sr, 137Cs, 239+240Pu,238Pu and 241Am. The contamination seems to be higher in the continental environment rather than in the marine one. Mosses, algae and lichens showed the highest values for all radionuclides analyzed. The results prove that the Antarctic continent is interested by radioactive pollution. As far as 137Cs is concerned, a progressive decrease was observed. 相似文献
5.
D. Desideri S. Giuliani M. A. Meli C. Testa C. Triulzi M. Vaghi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2004,260(1):9-12
During the last ten years, the Italian Universities of Parma and Urbino collaborated on a special radioecological program
having the aim to study the levels and the distribution of long-lived radionuclides in different marine and terrestrial matrixes.
This paper summarizes the results concerning the concentrations of 239+240Pu and 238Pu, 241Am and 137Cs in sediments collected in the Ligurian and South Tyrrhenian Seas (Rapallo Harbour, Vado Ligure Canyon, Eolie Islands).
Superficial sediments and sediment cores were collected. For cores the vertical distribution was calculated and the sedimentation
rate obtained. 137Cs was determined directly by gamma-spectrometry, while 239+240Pu, 238Pu and 241Am were separated by extraction chromatography, electroplating and determined by alpha-spectrometry.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
R. C. L. Figueira E. S. B. G. Saraiva I. I. L. Cunha 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,248(3):801-804
Methodologies for simultaneous analysis of 137Cs, 90Sr, 238Pu and 239+240Pu were developed and applied to seawater samples. 137Cs levels in Brazilian coastal seawater ranged from 0.12 to 4.7 Bq·m-3, for 90Sr from 2.0 to 8.6 Bq·m-3, for 239+240Pu from 0.8 to 4.5 mBq·m-3 and for 238Pu it was of 1.9 mBq·m-3. The artificial radioactivity levels in Brazilian seawater are typical values due to fallout deposition. 相似文献
7.
M. Yamada 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1997,223(1-2):145-148
Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) samples were collected on the Pacific coast of Japan and analyzed for their239+240Pu and137Cs concentrations in six places, i.e., muscle, viscera, gill, gonad, skin and spine. The239+240Pu concentrations in muscle ranged from 0.07 to 0.14 mBq/kg (wet) and had the lowest value among the six regions. The mean239+240Pu concentrations in viscera, gonad and spine were more than 1 mBq/kg (wet_ while those in muscle and skin were one order of magnitude lower. The largest amounts of239+240Pu were accumulated in gonad. The239+240Pu/137Cs activity ratios in all positions were lower than that of the global fallout ratio of 0.022, suggesting that137Cs could be accumulated with greater ease than239+240Pu in all positions and ratios of uptake differed remarkably from position to position. The total accumulations of239+240Pu and137Cs in salmon were 1.32 and 328 mBq/individual, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Marine sediment cores were taken from Sagami Bay of the western Northwest Pacific and analyzed for 239+240Pu and 137Cs activities. A significant correlation was observed between 239+240Pu and 137Cs activities in sediment cores, i.e., their vertical profiles. The measured activities which were used to obtain the inventories of 239+240Pu and 137Cs in the sediment column, showed large variations, ranging from 36 to 474 MBq/km2 for 239+240Pu and 49 to 652 MBq/km2 for 137Cs. 239+240Pu inventories in the sediment from one region in the Bay, Sagami Nada were 5–10 times greater than those predicted from atmospheric global fallout 42 MBq/km2 at the same latitude. On the other hand, 137Cs inventories, with a mean value of 297±168 MBq/km2, were much less than predicted, 2040 MBq/km2. The activity ratios of 239+240Pu/137Cs obtained, with a mean of 0.65±0.17, were significantly greater than the ratio predicted from fallout, 0.021. Furthermore, there was a clear relationship between both 239+240Pu and 137Cs inventories and the water content, indicating that higher inventories may be attributed principally to concentration in, and scavenging by, fine-grained particles. 相似文献
9.
J. W. Mietelski L. Kitowski P. Gaca S. Grabowska E. Tomankiewicz P. Szwałko 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,270(1):131-135
Summary The present study focused on analyzing samples of bones, livers and kidneys of European white-tailed eagles (Halia?tus albicilla) and lesser-spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina). Bone samples were collected for both species, from 7 and 2 individuals, respectively, whereas liver and kidney samples
for white-tailed eagle species only, 2 and 1 individuals, respectively. The samples were analyzed for the presence of gamma-emitters
and then for 90Sr, 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am. The applied radiochemical method is presented. Activity concentration in ashen bones (600 °C) for 90Sr ranged from 4.6±1.2 to 31.0±2.5 Bq/kg, for 239+240Pu from <1.7 to 21±4 mBq/kg, for 238Pu from <2.7 to 6.5±1.3 mBq/kg and for 241Am from <1.2 to 6.5±4.4 mBq/kg. Relatively high 239+240Pu activity concentration of 78±9 mBq/kg (for fresh weight) was recorded in a single kidney sample. The liver samples showed
activities of magnitude at least one order lower. No clear correlations were found between the activities of different radionuclides. 相似文献
10.
11.
A radiochemical procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of238Pu,239+240Pu,241Pu,241Am,242Cm,244Cm,89Sr, and90Sr in vegetation samples. The method was applied for the determination of these, radionuclides in grass, collected near Munich after the fallout from the reactor accident at Chernobyl, USSR. The specific activities observed were (in Bq kg–1 dry weight):238Pu, 0.077;239+240Pu, 0.15;241Pu, 3.9;241Am, 0.031;242Cm, 3.0;244Cm, 0.008;89Sr, 2000;90Sr, 99. 相似文献
12.
Jia Guogang C. Testa D. Desideri F. Guerra C. Roselli 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,230(1-2):21-28
A sensitive and reliable metbod for the sequential separation and determination of plutonium,241Am and90Sr in soil samples was developed. Plutonium was separated by a Microthene-TNOA column. Then90Y (for90Sr determination) was separated from americium by a HDEHP column after elimination of large amounts of interfering stable
or radioactive nuclides (iron,210Bi and210Po etc.) by an oxalate precipitation and a Microthene-TNOA column. Finally americium was purified by another HDEHP column
and a PMBP-TOPO extraction. A special attention was paid to the decontamination of Pu and Am from210Po and of90Y from210Bi; the relevant decontamination factors resulted greater than 105, 106 and 104 respectively. The detection limits were 1.2 mBq/kg for Pu and 1.7 mBq/kg for241Am and 0.32 Bq/kg for90Sr. The procedure was checked by analyzing three certified samples supplied by IAEA. Some Italian soil samples were also analyzed
giving average yields of 84.9±7.2% for Pu, 57.8±3.2%for Am and 96.7±1.6% for Y; the239+240Pu,238Pu,241Am and90Sr contents (Bq/kg) ranged from 0.347 to 1.53, from 0.013 to 0.048, from 0.126 to 0.556 and from 2.89 to 11.6 respectively
and the average ratios were 0.037±0.017 for238Pu/239+240Pu, 0.357±0.040 for241Am/239+240Pu and 7.0±1.2 for90Sr/239+240Pu. 相似文献
13.
A. S. Al-Kheliewi E. I. Shabana 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,274(1):207-212
Activity concentrations of some anthropogenic radionuclides (90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am) have been measured in the surface of marine sediments along the Saudi coast of the Arabian (Persian) Gulf. The samples
were collected at different locations and water depths. The spatial distribution of the concentrations of the measured radionuclides
showed a heterogeneous pattern and is independent of location or water depth. The obtained results are discussed and some
conclusions are drawn. 相似文献
14.
Kamil Brudecki Jerzy W. Mietelski Robert Anczkiewicz Edward B. Golec Ewa Tomankiewicz Konstanty Kuźma Paweł Zagrodzki Joanna Golec Sebastian Nowak Elżbieta Szczygieł Zbigniew Dudkiewicz 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,299(3):1379-1388
The paper presents the results of our study on 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Am and 90Sr concentration in human bones carried out on a set of 88 individual samples of central Europe origin. Bone tissue samples were retrieved under surgery while introducing hip joint implants. The conducted surgeries tend to cover either southern or northeastern parts of Poland. While for the southern samples only global fallout was expected to be seen, a mixed global and Chernobyl fallout were to be reflected in the others. Alpha spectrometry was applied to obtain activity concentration for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Am, while liquid scintillation spectrometry for 90Sr and mass spectrometry to receive 240Pu/239Pu mass ratio. Surprisingly enough, and to the contrary to our expectations we could not see any significant differences in either Pu activity or Pu mass ratio between the studied populations. In both populations Chernobyl fraction proved marginal. The results on 90Sr and 241Am confirm similarities between the two examined groups. 相似文献
15.
Xiu-Jing Lin Gyujun Park Ji-Hun Kwak Wan Kim Hee-Dong Kang Hung-Lak Lee Young-Gyu Kim Sih-Hong Doh Do-Sung Kim Chang-Kyu Kim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,268(1):103-108
Summary The 239+240Pu content of the marine sediments and seawater of the costal sea of Korea was measured. In marine sediments the 239+240Pu concentrations were in the range of 0.11-1.91 Bq/kg dry weight and in the coastal sea of Korea the ratio of 239+240Pu/137Cs was 0.27. The correlations between 239+240Pu and 137Cs concentrations and the content of organic matter (C, O, H, N, S) as well as the grain size of marine sediment were investigated
by regression analysis. The distribution coefficient of 239+240Pu was 1.22. 105. The 239+240Pu concentration in seawater increased with seawater depth. However, the 137Cs concentration in seawater did not change considerably with depth. 相似文献
16.
Zal U’yun Wan Mahmood Hidayah Shahar Zaharudin Ahmad Yii Mei Wo Ahmad Sanadi Abu Bakar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(1):265-272
The present distributions of 239+240Pu, 241Am and activity ratio of 241Am/239+240Pu in surface seawater of the Peninsular Malaysia east coast were studied. The surface seawater samples were collected at
30 identified stations during the expedition conducted in 2008. 239+240Pu activity concentrations in surface seawater of the studied area were in the range of 2.33 ± 0.20–7.95 ± 0.68 mBq/m3, meanwhile 241Am activity concentrations ranged from MDA to 1.90 ± 0.23 mBq/m3. The calculated activity ratios of 241Am/239+240Pu were varied and disperse distributed with the ranged of 0.12–0.53. The relationships between anthropogenic radionuclide
and oceanographic parameters such as turbidity and salinity were examined. The linearly relationships between 239+240Pu and oceanographic parameters are important for better understanding of its transport processes and behavior in the east
coast of Peninsular Malaysia marine environment. Thus, the differ of distribution of 239+240Pu, 241Am and 241Am/239+240Pu in the studied area mainly due to high affinity of 239+240Pu to associate with sinking particles, mobility nature of 241Am, degree of particle reactive of both anthropogenic radionuclides, scavenging and removal process; and others. 相似文献
17.
Y. Ohtsuka T. Iyogi H. Kakiuchi Y. Takaku S. Hisamatsu J. Inaba 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2004,261(3):625-630
The background distributions of 239+240Pu and 137Cs fallout in agricultural soil were investigated in Rokkasho where Japan's first commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing plant
is now being constructed. The mean inventories of 239+240Pu and 137Cs in three fields with non-yam-cultivation history were 116 Bq·m−2 and 3.4 kBq·m−2, respectively. The mean atomic ratio of 240Pu/239Pu for all studied fields was 0.18±0.04, and was similar to that of global fallout. The 239+240Pu concentrations correlated very well with 137Cs (r = 0.97) in spite of heavy disturbance of the soil, and the activity ratio of 239+240Pu/137Cs was 0.037±0.007, which is a typical value for global fallout. These results showed that the nuclides had similar behavior
in agricultural upland fields in Rokkasho. Since 210Pb is steadily deposited from the atmosphere to the land, this nuclide could be an index for the degree of disturbance of
a field and of soil lost from the field. The ratio of excess 210Pb inventory in the soil to the equivalent inventory of atmospheric 210Pb deposition was 96%, and indicated that soil was not lost from the cultivated fields.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
R. F. Payne S. B. Clark J. T. Elliston 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(1):269-274
The simultaneous determination of multiple actinide isotopes in samples where total quantity is limited can sometimes present
a unique challenge for radioanalytical chemists. In this study, re-determination of 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am for soils collected and analyzed approximately three decades ago was the goal, along with direct determination of 241Pu. The soils had been collected in the early 1970’s from a shallow land burial site for radioactive wastes called the Subsurface
Disposal Area (SDA) at the Idaho National Lab (INL), analyzed for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am, and any remaining soils after analysis had been archived and stored. We designed an approach to reanalyze the 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am and determine for the first time 241Pu using a combination of traditional and new radioanalytical methodologies. The methods used are described, along with estimates
of the limits of detection for gamma-and alpha-spectrometry, and liquid scintillation counting. Comparison of our results
to the earlier work documents the ingrowth of 241Am from 241Pu, and demonstrates that the total amount of 241Am activity in these soil samples is greater than would be expected due to ingrowth from 241Pu decay. 相似文献
19.
D. Tsumune M. Aoyama K. Hirose K. Maruyama N. Nakashiki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,248(3):777-783
The concentrations of three artificial radionuclides (90Sr, 137Cs and 239+240Pu) introduced into seawaters from global fallout were simulated from 1957 to 1994 by using an ocean general circulation model. The distributions of the calculated 137Cs and 90Sr concentrations were in good agreement with the observed concentrations. The vertical distribution of the calculated 239+240Pu concentration in the South Pacific also agreed with the observed data. However, the calculated 239+240Pu concentrations in the North Pacific water columns were significantly underestimated in comparison with the observed data, which strongly suggests the presence of additional sources of plutonium input to the North Pacific. 相似文献
20.
Inventories of 239+240Pu, 137Cs, and excess 210Pb in sediment cores from brackish Lake Obuchi, Rokkasho Village, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this study was to measure the distribution and inventories of 239+240Pu, 137Cs, and excess 210Pb (210Pbexcess) in sediment core samples from brackish Lake Obuchi, which is in the vicinity of nuclear fuel facilities in Rokkasho Village, Japan. The inventory of the 239+240Pu activity in the sediment samples from the estuary of a freshwater river, the central point of the lake, and the deepest point in the lake were 0.18, 0.29, and 0.24 kBq·m–2, respectively. The inventories of 137Cs and 210Pbexcess in sediments were 0.83–1.2 kBq·m–2 and 25–30 kBq·m–2, respectively. The mean 239+240Pu/137Cs and 210Pbexcess/137Cs activity ratios were 0.23 and 28, respectively. The239+240Pu/137Cs activity ratios were approximately 13–24 times the ratio expected from global fallout. The inventories of 239+240Pu and 210Pb in sediments were higher than the inventory expected from atmospheric fallout, but the 137Cs inventory was significantly lower than expected.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献