算符光学中的表象变换及关联方程的普适解法

本文由光学变量算符的线性变换将文献[3]建立的光学矩阵与光学算符的关联方程加以推广,得到光学广义关联方程;又引入本征光学变量算符使其简化成约化光学广义关联方程;从而获得由关联方程求光学点扩散算符的“模拟单透镜成象光路”的普适解法。 关键词：     

泡利矩阵的几种导出法

本文介绍了几种导泡利矩阵的方法。从传动和角动量关系出发，而不直接应用自旋算符和轨道角动量类比，从而更一般地导出泡利算符对易关系和矩阵表示，更有普遍意义，更有深度。     

光脉冲传输数值模拟的分步小波方法

从信号的多尺度小波分解和正交小波变换出发，将描述光学介质中脉冲传输的非线性薛定谔 方程（NLSE）表示为小波域中的分步算符形式，给出了分步小波算法的迭代公式，导出了线 性算符在小波域中的具体表式，并讨论微分算符的矩阵结构.作为一个例子，用分步小波方 法（SSWM）解NLSE，给出了超短高斯脉冲在光纤中线性和非线性传输的波形演化，并与解析 解和分步傅里叶方法的结果作了比较.结果表明，分步小波方法是研究脉冲在光学介质中传 输的一种有效的数值计算方法. 关键词： 分步小波方法 光脉冲传输 非线性薛定谔方程 多尺度小波分解     

量子扩散通道中Wigner算符的演化规律

众所周知,量子态的演化可用与其相应的Wigner函数演化来代替.因为量子态的Wigner函数和量子态的密度矩阵一样,都包含了概率分布和相位等信息,因此对量子态的Wigner函数进行研究,可以更加快速有效地获取量子态在演化过程的重要信息.本文从经典扩散方程出发,利用密度算符的P表示,导出了量子态密度算符的扩散方程.进一步通过引入量子算符的Weyl编序记号,给出了其对应的Weyl量子化方案.另外,借助于密度算符的另一相空间表示-Wigner函数,建立了Wigner算符在扩散通道中演化方程,并给出了其Wigner算符解的形式.本文推导出了Wigner算符在量子扩散通道中的演化规律,即演化过程中任意时刻Wigner算符的形式.在此结论的基础上,讨论了相干态经过量子扩散通道的演化情况.     

偏振光中的算符及表示

本文在偏振光的态矢量表示基础上，进一步讨论了偏振算符和相移算符，讨论了本征值方程和投影方程．提出了用本征态矢构成偏振算符和相移算符的方法．最后讨论了经过偏振器后的光强问题．     

用算符因式分解法解氢原子的径向函数

在初等量子力学的教学中,首先遇到的是求解一维线性谐振子和氢原子等基本问题,通常总是利用级数方法来解此二阶微分算符的本征方程,但往往由于数学上的原因,而使教与学二方面都遇到一定的困难.为此,若将二次量子化中运用的占有数表象及其基本算符(产生算符和湮灭算符)的概念引入后,则上述诸问题均能很简洁地求得所需的本征值和本征函数. 在占有数表象中,任何一个力学量的算符,均可用其二个基本算符来表示,将此原理应用到解具体的薛定谔方程中去时,则原来是一个二阶微分算符的本征方程,可以分解成二个相互伴随的一阶微分算符乘积的本征方程,…     

氦原子基态能量的Roothaan-Hartree-Fock计算

采用包含两个斯莱特基的"双ζ"函数说明了利用自洽场法求解基态氦原子Roothaan-Hartree-Fock方程的数值过程,计算得基态能量为-2.862 568 Hartree.利用基态的对称性,提出了通过求解泊松方程来计算库仑算符的方法,给出了交叠矩阵和单电子算符的矩阵元,并对自洽的标准作了讨论.     

径向升降算符及其应用(Ⅰ)

本文以库仑势为例，介绍了用径向升降算符解径向薛定谔方程的方法，讨论了在平均值和矩阵元的计算中径向升降算符的应用．     

光子增加混沌场的退相干和非经典效应

将产生算符作用在混沌场上,构造了光子增加混沌场.利用有序算符内的积分技术和热纠缠态表象求解密度矩阵主方程的方法,研究了振幅衰减模型中光子增加混沌场的退相干和非经典效应.通过解振幅衰减模型中的密度算符的主方程,得到了初态为光子增加混沌场的密度算符的演化公式.计算了终态密度算符的P表示和Wigner函数,并数值计算了耗散对其P表示和Wigner函数的影响.结果表明:随耗散时间的增长,光子增加混沌场的非经典效应减弱.另一方面,随光子增加数的增加,其非经典效应也减弱.     

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本文研究了磁场中耦合量子线的三阶非线性光学吸收率,并且利用密度矩阵算符理论导出了三阶非线性光学吸收率的解析表达式.最后,以GaAs/Al     

A Simulation of Near Field Optics by Three Dimensional Volume Integral Equation of Classical Electromagnetic Theory

A numerical simulation code for three dimensional problems of near-field optics has been developed using the volume integral equation with the moment method. The object is assumed to be continuous and macroscopic dielectric and can be treated by macroscopic Maxwell#x0027;s equations. The code can treat the large-scale moment method matrix that is obtained by the discretization of the volume integral equation. The resultant matrix equation is solved by an iteration method called the generalized minimum residual method with reasonable computational cost for simple problems of near field optics. Simulation of a simplified model of a scanning near-field optical microscope has been performed and basic polarization characteristics of the system have been investigated in detail. The code is also applied to the collection-mode of a photon scanning tunneling microscope, where the incident wave is the evanescent wave, and basic relation between near-field and far field i.e., output image, is recognized.     

An equation for the quantum dissipative system in statistical mechanics

A formalism for describing quantum dissipative systems in statistical mechanics is developed. A new equation of the Lindblad type with a quadratic superoperator consisting of Hermitian dissipative operators is derived from the Bloch equation for temperature density matrix using the Feynman integral over the trajectories with a modified Menskii weight functional. By way of example, this equation is solved for a one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with linear dissipation. Applying the projection operator technique, an integral-differential equation for a reduced temperature statistical operator is obtained, which is analogous to the Zwanzig equation in statistical mechanics, and its formal solution is found as a convergent series. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 30–34, December, 2006.     

Radiation field eigenstates and its unitary equivalence to coordinate eigenstates

In this paper, we reconstruct the explicit representation of the radiation field eigenstates in Fock space by decomposing the normally ordered Gaussian operator. Then with the help of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, the phase-shifting operator in quantum optics has been expressed through the Dirac's representation theory. In addition, the unitarily equivalent relation between the radiation field eigenstates and the coordinate eigenstates has been naturally established by the phase-shifting operator in quantum optics. These results deepen people's understanding to the radiation field eigenstates and phase-shifting operator in quantum optics.     

量子算符的左逆右逆及其数学性质

运用围道积分方法,给出了湮没算符的右逆算符和产生算符的左逆算符;进一步利用湮没算符和产生算符在Fock表象中的矩阵形式对算符的左逆算符、右逆算符的数学性质进行了分析.     

Correspondence between quantum-optical transform and classical-optical transform explored by developing Dirac’s symbolic method

By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac’s ket–bra operators, we explore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel–Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We cannot only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, deriving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. For examples, we find the generalized Fresnel operator (GFO) to correspond to the generalized Fresnel transform (GFT) in classical optics. We derive GFO’s normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area in finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum optics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators are fully used. All these have confirmed Dirac’s assertion: “...for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory”.     

Optical Fresnel Transform as a Correspondence of the SU(1,1) Squeezing Operator Composed of Quadratic Combination of Canonical Operators and the Entangled State

We study optical Fresnel transforms by finding the appropriate quantum mechanical SU(1,1) squeezing operators which are composed of quadratic combination of canonical operators. In one-mode case, the squeezing operator's matrix element in the coordinate basis is just the kernel of one-dimensional generalized Fresnel transform (GFT); while in two-mode case, the matrix element of the squeezing operator in the entangled state basis leads to the two-dimensional GFT kernel. The work links optical transforms in wave optics to generalized squeezing transforms in quantum optics.     

Fresnel-Transform's Quantum Correspondence and Quantum Optical ABCD Law

Corresponding to the Fresnel transform there exists a unitary operator in quantum optics theory, which could be known the Fresnel operator (FO). We show that the multiplication rule of the FO naturally leads to the quantum optical ABCD law. The canonical operator methods as mapping of ray-transferABCD matrix is explicitly shown by the normally ordered expansion of the FO through the coherent state representation and the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. We show that time evolution of the damping oscillator embodies the quantum optical ABCD law.     

Folded diagrams

The Morita-Brandow folded diagrams are derived from a time-dependent point of view. The effective interaction in the model space is energy-independent, contains only linked clusters, and can easily be made Hermitian. Even then, it is still highly arbitrary. For each choice of effective interaction, rules are given for the calculation of effective operators, such that the matrix element of any effective operator between any two model states equals the matrix element of the true operator between the corresponding true states. Examples of folded diagrams are given and methods for calculating them are explained. Examples of effective operators are also given, including the effective spectroscopic amplitude, whose square is the spectroscopic factor of one-nucleon transfer reactions.     

Quantum Systems Connected by a Time-Dependent Canonical Transformation

We study both classical and quantum relation between two Hamiltoniansystems which are mutually connected by time-dependent canonical transformation. One is ordinary conservative system and the other istime-dependent Hamiltonian system. The quantum unitary operatorrelevant to classical canonical transformation between the two systems are obtained through rigorous evaluation. With the aid of the unitary operator, we have derived quantum states of the time-dependent Hamiltonian system through transforming the quantum states of the conservative system. The invariant operators of the two systems are presented and the relation between them are addressed. We showed that there exist numerous Hamiltonians, which gives the same classical equation of motion. Though it is impossible to distinguish the systems described by these Hamiltonians within the realm of classical mechanics, they can be distinguishable quantum mechanically.