四方晶系SBN晶体吸收边与Ep,Eg的研究

本文通过能实验测量了Ｓｒ０．６３Ｂａ０．３７Ｎｂ２Ｏ６晶体吸收光谱，由透射率曲线计算了吸收系数；并通过对ａ１／２－ｈｖ曲线特征的研究，肯定了３．５ｅＶ以下吸收边的间接跃迁性质，确定了声子的能量Ｅｐ与禁带宽度Ｅｇ。     

硅的间接跃迁双光子吸收系数谱

利用皮秒Nd:YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,测量出光子能量介于1.36 μm (0.912 eV)—1.80 μm (0.689 eV)之间的硅间接跃迁双光子吸收系数谱.尽管此波段范围内的激光光子能量小于硅间接带隙,但当激光辐照在硅基光电二极管受光面时,在二极管两电极端仍然探测到了显著的脉冲光伏信号.光伏信号峰值强度与入射光强呈二次幂函数关系,表明其是双光子吸收过程.采用pn结等效结电容充放电模型,将光伏响应信号峰值与入射光强相关联,从中提取出硅的间接跃迁双光子吸收系数,改变入射波长得到系数谱.研究表明:     

超二代像增强器多碱阴极光电发射特性研究

通过测量超二代像增强器多碱阴极的光谱反射率和透射率,根据能量守恒定律计算得到了多碱阴极的光谱吸收率.结果表明,只有当光子的能量大于1.333 eV以后,多碱阴极的吸收率才开始快速增大.这说明多碱阴极的光谱吸收存在一个1.333 eV的长波吸收限,入射光的光子能量如果小于该吸收限,多碱阴极将不吸收.在多碱阴极的表面电子亲合势进一步降低的情况下,多碱阴极光电发射的长波理论阈值由长波吸收限所决定.多碱阴极在吸收光子之后的电子跃迁过程中,跃迁电子的能量增加小于所吸收入射光子的能量,即存在一个"能量损失".光子的能量越高,所激发的跃迁电子所处的能级越高,能量损失越大.同时光子的能量越高,跃迁电子所处的能级越高,电子跃迁的几率越低.多碱阴极的量子效率由吸收率、跃迁几率和跃迁能级、扩散过程中的能量损失等因素共同决定,因此多碱阴极的量子效率存在长波阈的同时也存在短波阈.多碱阴极的量子效率在2.11 eV达到最大值之后,随着光子能量的增加而单调减小,在3.6 eV时,量子效率减小到零.多碱阴极在3.6 eV时的吸收系数仍然很高,但由于电子跃迁的几率低,同时电子扩散过程中的能量损失大,导致尽管多碱阴极对短波具有较高的吸收系数,但量子效率仍然较低.因此对多碱阴极所吸收的光子能量中,转换成为光电导、晶格热振动等其他非光电发射形式能量的比例而言,短波较长波高,对光电发射的贡献率而言,短波较长波低.     

氢原子两种能级跃迁形式的比较

根据玻尔原子模型理论，氢原子只能处于某些不连续的特定能量的定态，在不同定态之间可以通过辐射或吸收一定的能量跃迁．为氢原子发生跃迁提供能量的粒子可以是光子，也可以是电子，但光子和电子使氢原子发生跃迁的条件有所不同。     

低频强场作用下三维光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射性质

研究了处于三维光子晶体中，且在强相干的低频场的驱动下的单个二能级原子的自发辐射性质.由于低频场的影响，使得原子产生了在跃迁过程中吸收或发射一个低频光子的衰减渠道.这些跃迁导致了自发辐射的量子干涉，再加上光子晶体能带带边的作用，自发辐射被显著抑制.原子的布居俘获依赖于原子上能级与能带带边的相对位置，低频场的频率和原子不同跃迁通道间的相对跃迁强度. 关键词： 光子晶体 二能级原子 自发辐射     

Tm：YAG晶体的光谱及激光特性研究

测试了Ｔｍ：ＹＡＧ晶体的室温吸收光谱和荧光光谱，计算了各吸收谱线的振子强度，并根据Ｊｕｄｄ－Ｏｆｅｌｔ理论了Ｔｍ：ＹＡＧ晶体的荧光跃迁截面和荧光寿命，用红宝石激光泵浦时，获得了波长２．０１μｍ能量４０ｍＪ的激光脉冲。     

高能量,大注量中子辐照下α-Al_2O_3中的F_3聚集型色心电子结构及其吸收光谱研究

利用嵌入原子簇模型结合Ｆ心的类Ｈ离子波函数研究了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体中Ｆ３聚集型色心存在时,晶体的能带结构,态密度,Ｍｕｌｉｋｅｎ电荷布居的变化,讨论了色心的光学吸收跃迁模式。结果表明,由于Ｆ３聚集心的存在,在α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３中引入了１个单能级和１个２重简并色心能级,产生了一个３．５４ｅＶ的从色心能级到导带底的新的吸收跃迁。经与高能量,大注量中子辐照后的刚玉晶体的光学吸收实验结果比较,我们认为实验测得的０．３５６μｍ（３．４８３ｅＶ）处的吸收峰是由于Ｆ３聚集心的电子的吸收跃迁所引起的。同时,也发现Ｆ３聚集心的格点处的电荷布居比单Ｆ心格点处的电荷布居小。     

Tm∶YAG晶体的光谱及激光特性研究

测试了Ｔｍ∶ＹＡＧ晶体的室温吸收光谱和荧光光谱，计算了各吸收谱线的振子强度，并根据Ｊｕｄｄ－Ｏｆｅｌｔ理论计算了Ｔｍ∶ＹＡＧ晶体的荧光跃迁截面和荧光寿命。用红宝石激光泵浦时，获得了波长２．０１μｍ、能量４０ｍＪ的激光脉冲。     

空间群选择定则的计算方法

一、引 言 晶体空间群选择定则是用群论方法研究光与晶体相互作用(例如红外吸收、γ散射等过程)的一个基础工作.在晶体特别是在半导体中,跃迁和散射过程涉及电子和声子、电子和光子以及电子同时和声子及光子的相互作用.例如,在锗、硅等半导体中的光跃迁就包括没有声子参加的直接光跃迁和有声子参加的间接光跃迁.只允许某些跃迁的规则称为选择定则, 由量子力学我们知道,由算符H描述的相互作用引起电子从φm态跃迁到φn态,跃迁几率的大小,由下面的积分决定:当这个积分为0时,跃迁是不允许的;当这个积分不为0时,跃迁是允许的.但这个积分计算起…     

外电场对直接带隙Ge量子阱中的光学性质的影响

在有效质量近似下,考虑到外电场的影响,详细研究了直接带隙Ge/GeSi量子阱中带间光跃迁吸收系数和阈值能量随量子阱阱宽,外电场强度的变化情况。结果表明：随着外电场的增强,带间光跃迁吸收强度会逐渐减弱,阈值能量减小,吸收曲线向低能方向移动,出现了红移现象。此外,当量子阱比较大时,外电场对量子阱中带间光跃迁阈值能量的影响更加明显。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.