Au/CeO2催化剂的制备及其对CO催化氧化性能的研究

采用水溶液沉淀法和沉积-沉淀法分别制备了CeO2载体及相应Au/CeO2催化剂,以CO氧化反应为表征反应,考察了载体制备条件,催化剂的焙烧温度、预处理温度和气氛以及活性组分负载量对催化剂性能的影响,并对催化剂进行了BET、XRD和TEM表征,分析了影响催化剂活性的原因.结果表明,载体的制备条件对催化剂的活性有一定影响,经微波处理的载体负载活性组分后,由于活性组分和载体的接触较紧密,因此有利于催化剂活性的提高.催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为300℃,最佳活化温度为300℃,气氛为空气,最佳金负载量为4%.     

负载型镧锰钙钛矿催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧的研究

研究了甲烷在负载型镧锰钙钛矿催化剂(LCFM／α-Al2O3)上的低温催化燃烧反应．考察了制备方法、焙烧温度列催化剂结构和活性的影响．并进行了100h稳定性实验．实验结果表明用浸渍法、焙烧温度高于800℃就能在载体上生成良好的钙钛矿结构，催化剂具有较低的起燃温度并且在高温条件下具有与非负载型镧锰钙钛矿催化剂相当的活性；100h稳定性实验表明LCFM／a-Al2O3催化剂经历了100h．800℃的连续高温燃烧反应，催化剂仍保持了原有结构和催化活性．并且没有明显积碳．     

Cu-Mn-Ce/γ-Al2O3汽车尾气净化催化材料的合成及性能的研究

采用固定床反应装置，模拟汽车尾气的组成成分，以CO氧化和NH3选择还原NO为探针反应，研究了焙烧温度和焙烧时间等因素对复合金属氧化物催化材料Cu-Mn-Ce-O／γ-Al2O3的催化活性的影响，并考察了该催化剂的抗硫化中毒性能。在本研究条件下，焙烧温度在700℃左右，焙烧时间为2．5h时，催化剂对NO-CO体系中CO的氧化率在76％，以上，对NH3-NO体系中的NO的最佳催化还原率在80％以上。催化剂在3．O％S02／空气气氛中强制中毒后，其在NH3-NO气氛中的最佳反应温度．450℃，同样条件下未中毒催化剂的最佳反应温度为350℃左右，并且催化剂中毒后对NO—NH3的最大转化率没有下降，但是对NO-CO体系的反应活性明显下降，说明该催化剂具有良好的高温活性和抗硫中毒性能。     

以Au(PPh3)(NO3)为前体的Au/NiO催化剂的制备及其对CO的催化氧化

采用有机金属配合物固载法,将金的有机配合物Ａｕ（ＰＰｈ３）（ＮＯ３）沉积于刚制备出的Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２沉淀上,与其表面的－ＯＨ基反应,再于注动空气中程序升温焙烧,制和轩出了颗粒度小,分散度高的金催化剂,改变制备条件,研究其对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,以Ｋ２ＣＯ３作为制备Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２的沉淀剂,金担载量为３％（质量分数）,在焙烧温度为３００℃的条件下,制备出的负载型金催化剂Ａｕ／ＮｉＯ对ＣＯ的低温氧化     

CeO_2-Al_2O_3负载金催化剂用于水煤气变换反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积-沉淀法制备了CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物,比较了复合氧化物负载纳米金催化剂对水煤气变换反应的催化活性。通过N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H2-TPR等表征手段对复合氧化物及其负载金催化剂的物相和结构进行分析,发现复合氧化物的制备方法及其焙烧温度对其比表面积、孔结构及水煤气变换反应活性有明显的影响。与沉积-沉淀法相比,浸渍法制备的CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物具有较大的CeO2晶粒尺寸,经500℃焙烧后再负载金,所得催化剂具有更高的活性,250℃时CO转化率可达78.1%。     

负载金催化剂上CO氧化反应活性与金属氧化物载体中金属-氧结合能之间的关系

讨论了金属氧化物载体(MOx)对其负载纳米金催化剂(Au/MOx)上CO氧化反应的影响。采用典型的共沉淀法和沉积-沉淀法在完全相同的焙烧条件下制备了一系列MOx负载金催化剂,以CO氧化转化50%时的反应温度(T1/2)定量评价了MOx载体和Au/MOx催化剂的催化活性。进一步将MOx载体与相应Au/MOx催化剂的T1/2值之差对MOx载体的金属-氧结合能做曲线进行关联,发现二者呈明显的火山型关系。这一结果表明,采用具有适当金属-氧结合能(300–500 atom O)的MOx可大大提高沉积于其上的Au纳米颗粒的催化活性。     

二氧化钛负载氧化物催化剂上CO的氧化反应

对浸渍法和共沉淀法制备以的各种ＴｉＯ２负载氧化物催化剂进行了活性组分的筛选,结果发现,两种方法得到的ＣｕＯ催化剂均具有优良的ＣＯ氧化催化性能。在此基础上,考察不同ＴｉＯ２载体,活性组分含量以及催化剂焙烧温度对其催化能力的影响。结果表明,具有高比表面、大孔体积的ＴｉＯ２载体负功的ＣｕＯ催化剂具有较好的催化性能,活性组分ＣｕＯ的最佳含量范围在１０％～１５％之间,催化剂最佳焙烧温度为４００℃。     

FePVAsMo杂多化合物膜催化低碳醇选择氧化反应的研究

用组合法合成HxFe01.7P1.1V1.1As0.44-1.1Mo2Oy杂多化合物，并将其以浸渍法负载于多孔钛片上制成催化剂膜，在自制膜式反应釜中选择性催化氧化低碳醇，探讨了As,Fe含量及不同膜焙烧温度对催化剂催化性能的影响；用TPR，IR，TG－DTA对杂多化合物进行表征。结果表明，Fe的引入，可大大提高催化剂的活性和反应的选择性；As的引入，使催化剂的氧化脱氢能力大幅提高；膜焙烧温度为400℃时，催化剂的活性，选择性与稳定性最佳。组成为HxFe0.84P1.1V1.1As0.75Mo12Oy的杂多化合物膜催化剂对低碳醇具有良好的催化氧化活性，稳定性及再生能力。在适宜的条件下催化乙醇氧化，乙醛收率可达95．2％，对丙醇，丁醇也有良好的催化活性。     

负载金催化剂上CO氧化反应活性与金属氧化物载体中金属-氧结合能之间的关系（英文）

讨论了金属氧化物载体(MO_x)对其负载纳米金催化剂(Au/MO_x)上CO氧化反应的影响.采用典型的共沉淀法和沉积-沉淀法在完全相同的焙烧条件下制备了一系列MO_x负载金催化剂,以CO氧化转化50%时的反应温度(T_(1/2))定量评价了MO_x载体和Au/MO_x催化剂的催化活性.进一步将MO_x载体与相应Au/MO_x催化剂的T_(1/2)值之差对MO_x载体的金属-氧结合能做曲线进行关联,发现二者呈明显的火山型关系.这一结果表明,采用具有适当金属-氧结合能(300–500 atom O)的MO_x可大大提高沉积于其上的Au纳米颗粒的催化活性.     

负载纳米金对氧化铁载体结构和水煤气变换催化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法在多种条件下分别制备氧化铁及其负载金催化剂,测定其水煤气变换反应活性.通过BET-PS,XRD,H2-TPR和CO-TPD等表征手段,研究负载纳米金对氧化铁载体结构、结晶行为、还原性能以及CO吸脱附性质的影响,探讨氧化铁负载金催化剂的活性相.结果表明:(1)负载纳米金能抑制氧化铁载体在焙烧时的结晶过程,提高其还原性能以及增加表面CO吸附中心.但这种抑制作用与催化剂的制备条件(如沉淀剂种类、沉淀方式和焙烧温度等)密切相关.(2)氧化铁负载金催化剂的低温高活性(<300℃)可能是纳米金粒子与Fe3O4相协同作用的结果,在高温区(>300℃)仍是Fe3O4相起主要催化作用.     

A general synthetic strategy for oxide-supported metal nanoparticle catalysts

Despite recent exciting progress in catalysis by supported gold nanoparticles, there remains the formidable challenge of preparing supported gold catalysts that collectively incorporate precise control over factors such as size and size-distribution of the gold nanoparticles, homogeneous dispersion of the particles on the support, and the ability to utilize a wide range of supports that profoundly affect catalytic performance. Here, we describe a synthetic methodology that achieves these goals. In this strategy, weak interface interactions evenly deposit presynthesized organic-capped metal nanoparticles on oxide supports. The homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles on oxides is then locked in place, without aggregation, through careful calcination. The approach takes advantage of recent advances in the synthesis of metal and oxide nanomaterials and helps to bring together these two classes of materials for catalysis applications. An important feature is that the strategy allows metal nanoparticles to be well dispersed on a variety of oxides with few restrictions on their physical and chemical properties. Following this synthetic procedure, we have successfully developed efficient gold catalysts for green chemistry processes, such as the production of ethyl acetate from the selective oxidation of ethanol by oxygen at 100 degrees C.     

Oxide‐Nanotrap‐Anchored Platinum Nanoparticles with High Activity and Sintering Resistance by Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition

An area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) method is described to construct oxide nanotraps to anchor Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on Al₂O₃ supports. The as‐synthesized catalysts have exhibited outstanding room‐temperature CO oxidation activity, with a significantly lowered apparent activation energy (ca. 22.17 kJ mol⁻¹) that is half that of pure Pt catalyst with the same loading. Furthermore, the structure shows excellent sintering resistance with the high catalytic activity retention up to 600 °C calcination. The key feature of the oxide nanotraps lies in its ability to anchor Pt NPs via strong metal–oxide interactions while still leaving active metal facets exposed. Our reported method for forming such oxide structure with nanotraps shows great potential for the simultaneous enhancement of thermal stability and activity of precious metal NPs.     

Oxidation of CO on gold supported catalysts prepared by laser vaporization: direct evidence of support contribution

Gamma-Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 gold supported model catalysts have been synthesized by laser vaporization. Structural characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy experiments have shown that the gold clusters deposited on the different supports have similar distribution of size centered around 3 nm and are in the metallic state. However, X-ray photoemission measurements also indicate lower binding energies than the usual Au 4f(7/2) at 84.0 eV for both alumina and titania supported catalysts, indicating a modification of the electronic structure of the metal. One has taken benefit of these features to study the influence of the nature of the support toward CO oxidation activities without being hindered by particle size or gold oxidic species effects. By comparing the activities of the different catalysts, it is concluded that the nature of the support directly affects the activity of gold. The following tendency is observed: titania and zirconia are superior to alumina as supports, titania being slightly better than zirconia. From XPS and activity results we can conclude that the existence of negatively charged clusters is not the key point to explain the high activity observed for Au/ZrO2 and Au/TiO2 catalysts and also that metallic Au is the major catalytically active phase. Hence, due to their very nature, titania and to a less extent zirconia should participate to the catalytic process.     

Effect of calcination temperature on the properties of industrial V2O5-TiO2 (anatase) catalysts in methanol oxidation

The properties of the catalysts for partial oxidation of o-xylene depend on the structure of the supported vanadium sites. The structure itself is strongly dependent on the calcination temperature of the catalyst at which thermal deposition of the metal oxide on the oxide support takes place. We have investigated the effect of calcination temperature on the activity and selectivity of industrial V₂O₅-TiO₂ (anatase) supported catalysts designed for partial oxidation of o-xylene in their application to methanol oxidation.This revised version was published online in December 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

制备因素对Ni－W／C催化剂活性及结构的影响

研究了以沥青活性炭为载体的Ｎｉ－Ｗ催化剂制备参数与其加氢脱硫（ＨＤＳ）、加氢脱氮（ＨＤＮ）和加氢脱芳（ＨＤＡ）活性的关系,并利用广延Ｘ射线吸收精细结构．（ＥＸＡＦ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）研究了金属原子的近程配位情况及金属的分散状况．发现金属原子比、催化剂焙烧气氛和温度等对催化剂活性有较大影响．浸渍液ＰＨ值与载体ＰＨＩＥＰ的相对关系对催化活性的影响与浸渍方式有关．表征结果表明,“类ＷＳ２”结构的完整性影响了催化剂活性,焙烧气氛温度影响了金属硫化物的分散度．     

'Shape effects' in metal oxide supported nanoscale gold catalysts

We report the activity of shape-controlled metal oxide (CeO(2), ZnO and Fe(3)O(4)) supported gold catalysts for the steam reforming of methanol (SRM) and the water gas shift (WGS) reactions. Metal oxide nanoshapes, prepared by controlled hydrolysis and thermolysis methods, expose different crystal surfaces, and consequently disperse and stabilize gold differently. We observe that similar to gold supported on CeO(2) shapes exposing the {110} and {111} surfaces, gold supported on the oxygen-rich ZnO {0001} and Fe(3)O(4) {111} surfaces shows higher activity for the SRM and WGS reactions. While the reaction rates vary among the Au-CeO(2), Au-ZnO and Au-Fe(3)O(4) shapes, the apparent activation energies are similar, indicating a common active site. TPR data further indicate that the reaction lightoff coincides with the activation of Au-O-M species on the surface of all three oxide supports evaluated here. Different shapes contain a different number of binding sites for the gold, imparting different overall activity.     

Effect of ultra-fine gold particle addition to metal oxides in ethylene oxidation

Oxidation of ethylene was carried out over alumina-supported metal oxide catalysts and highly dispersed gold catalysts, respectively, under atmospheric pressure. The ethylene was completely oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water with both metal oxide and gold catalysts. The activity of gold catalyst prepared by deposition method was much higher than that of supported metal oxide catalysts. Ultra-fine gold particles on Co₃O₄ were more active than on Al₂O₃. Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ and MnO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts were more active than MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The activity of the supported metal oxide catalysts was greatly enhanced by addition of gold particles. It was therefore considered that gold particles promote dissociative adsorption of oxygen and the adsorbed oxygen reacts with adsorbed ethylene on support adjacent to the active site.     

催化臭氧氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯中催化剂构效关系

采用传统焙烧和微波辐射制备了不同活性炭 (AC) 负载 Ru 催化剂, 并用于催化臭氧氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMP) 反应中, 探讨了催化剂的构效关系. 结果表明, 所有 AC 和催化剂均能提高臭氧氧化 DMP 过程中 TOC (总有机碳) 去除率, 其活性顺序为 Ru/coal-AC > nutshell-AC > Ru/nutshell-AC > Ru/coconut-AC ≈ coal-AC > coconut-AC. 负载的 Ru 颗粒扩散到 AC 大孔中, 增加了反应的传质阻力, 使得反应物与 AC 内表面的活性位和金属 Ru 的接触机会减少, 这是 Ru/nutshell-AC 和 Ru/coconut-AC 活性低于 Ru/coal-AC 的一个原因; 催化剂表面 Ru 分散度也是导致其活性差别的原因之一. 微波加热引起 nutshell-AC 表面活性官能团发生变化, 从而导致其负载的 Ru 催化活性降低. 相对于传统焙烧, 微波辐射热处理能够提高 coal-AC 表面 Ru 的分散度, 从而提高催化剂活性.     

Influence of alkali metal doping on surface properties and catalytic activity/selectivity of CaO catalysts in oxidative coupling of methane

Surface properties （viz. surface area, basicity/base strength distribution, and crystal phases） of alkali metal doped CaO （alkali metal/Ca= 0.1 and 0.4） catalysts and their catalytic activity/selectivity in oxidative coupling of methane （OCM） to higher hydrocarbons at different reaction conditions （viz. temperature, 700 and 750 ℃; CH4/O2 ratio, 4.0 and 8.0 and space velocity, 5140-20550 cm^3 ·g^-1·h^-1） have been investigated. The influence of catalyst calcination temperature on the activity/selectivity has also been investigated. The surface properties （viz. surface area, basicity/base strength distribution） and catalytic activity/selectivity of the alkali metal doped CaO catalysts are strongly influenced by the alkali metal promoter and its concentration in the alkali metal doped CaO catalysts. An addition of alkali metal promoter to CaO results in a large decrease in the surface area but a large increase in the surface basicity （strong basic sites） and the C2＋ selectivity and yield of the catalysts in the OCM process. The activity and selectivity are strongly influenced by the catalyst calcination temperature. No direct relationship between surface basicity and catalytic activity/selectivity has been observed. Among the alkali metal doped CaO catalysts, Na-CaO （Na/Ca = 0.1, before calcination） catalyst （calcined at 750 ℃）, showed best performance （C2＋ selectivity of 68.8% with 24.7% methane conversion）, whereas the poorest performance was shown by the Rb-CaO catalyst in the OCM process.