基于永磁环阵列的磁流体支撑及润滑特性研究

在本文中初步探讨了一种永磁环阵列的磁流体支撑及润滑特性,以期获得一种对固定目标区域精准支撑与润滑的方法,并实现低摩擦. 以3D打印树脂材料为基底,在其表面嵌入正方形点阵排布的永磁环阵列,分别在各磁体表面注入特定体积的磁流体,使其在各永磁环表面形成封闭的液体结构. 采用自行设计的支撑力测试系统及往复式摩擦磨损试验机分别对该液体结构支撑及润滑性能进行测试. 结果表明:在磁场作用下的磁流体,除自身磁化和内聚产生液体支撑力外,被磁流体密封于其液体结构内的气体将进一步提升支撑能力;而对于该磁环阵列结构而言,被吸附于其表面的磁流体支撑能力随着磁铁间距的增加而减小,并逐渐趋于稳定,同时磁极排布方式对支撑力也会有所影响;当磁流体密封结构的支撑能力大于外载荷时,即摩擦对偶完全被磁流体支撑,此时可获得0.005的低摩擦系数. 可见该磁流体液环密封结构所形成的液-气混合支撑力显著高于单一液体支撑,而磁环阵列结构可进一步提升总体支撑能力,当该支撑力高于负载时可避免摩擦副间的直接接触,在静止或低速状态下实现低摩擦. 该研究结果对于解决精密低速滑动机构中常出现的“冷焊”及“爬行”现象具有一定应用价值.      

Gyroscopic Stabilization of Passive Magnetic Levitation

A nonlinear mathematical model able to describe the motion of a passive magnetic levitation device, known as Levitron, is presented in this paper. Using the standard approach usually applied in rotordynamics and without introducing any preliminary assumptions, the equations of motion for all six degrees of freedom of the magnetic spinning top are obtained. By computing the four natural frequencies characterizing the horizontal translational vibrations of the rotor and the whirling motion of its axis, the conditions for stable levitation in terms of the spin speed are obtained. Some results coming from the numerical integration of the equations of motion are also presented and compared with those obtained using the simplified model based upon the fast top assumption.     

Earnshaw (1805–1888) and Passive Magnetic Levitation

S. Earnshaw, a mathematical physicist born in England two centuries ago, was the author of studies on the transmission of sound and light. His theory on the transmission of light by “detached particles” has also influenced some studies on the stability of bodies in potential fields, particularly studies on the levitation of permanent magnets, i.e. on passive magnetic levitation. This theorem was so well known that even Maxwell mentioned it, and is today cited almost as an axiom in the ambit of passive magnetization. However, what is less well known is that the theory actually only relates to magnetostatics. In this paper, the mathematic model of the theory that refers to stability is outlined, along with some works that refer to it, in particular those on passive magnetic levitation. It is then pointed out that spaces of low instability exist in magnetostatics, and that stability may exist in the magneto-stationary and in magneto-dynamic ambit.     

Transient Free Convection Fluid Flow in Domains Partially Filled with Porous Media

The problem of transient free convection in domains partly filled with porous substrates is investigated analytically using Laplace transformation technique. Four configurations are considered which are subject to an isothermal heating boundary condition. The Brinkman-extended Darcy model is adopted to describe the hydrodynamics behavior of the porous domain.     

充气压力容器高速撞击实验研究

为了确定高速撞击条件下压力容器发生具有撕裂的简单穿孔和裂纹失稳扩展的界限 ,实验采用长径比为 0 56的铝柱状弹丸在约 1 7km/s的速度下正撞击铝罐。大部分实验采用的是未防护的铝罐 ,铝罐的压力从 0～ 0 4MPa变化来探索获得不同损伤形式的压力条件。给出了铝罐前、后壁从穿孔到裂纹失稳扩展的实验结果。防护铝罐的主要损伤是其前壁的裂纹失稳扩展。确定了发生裂纹失稳扩展的临界压力 ,并对发生裂纹失稳扩展的临界尺寸进行了分析。     

Propagation of Normal Axisymmetric Waves in Compliant Elastic Cylinders Filled with and Immersed in a Fluid

The paper studies the relationship between the physical characteristics of a cylinder and the properties of normal axisymmetric waves in elastic–liquid waveguides. The cylinder is made of a compliant material in which the velocity of shear waves is less than the sonic velocity in a perfect compressible liquid. The complete system of dynamic elasticity equations and the wave equation are used to describe the wave fields in the elastic cylinder and fluid, respectively. This approach allows obtaining the dispersion characteristics of coupled normal waves in compound waveguides over wide ranges of frequencies and wavelengths. The curves of real, imaginary, and complex wave numbers versus frequency are plotted for specific pairs of waveguide materials. Computations are carried out for a thick-walled cylinder filled with a fluid and immersed in either vacuum or a fluid. It is found out that compliant and rigid materials of the cylinder affect differently the wave interaction process in elastic–liquid waveguides     

Flow of a Weakly Conducting Fluid in a Channel Filled with a Porous Medium

We investigate the fully developed flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium channel with an electrically conducting fluid under the action of a parallel Lorentz force. The Lorentz force varies exponentially in the vertical direction due to low fluid electrical conductivity and the special arrangement of the magnetic and electric fields at the lower plate. Exact analytical solutions are derived for fluid velocity and the results are presented in figures. All these flows are new and are presented for the first time in the literature.     

Static Deformations of a Linear Elastic Porous Body Filled with an Inviscid Fluid

We study infinitesimal deformations of a porous linear elastic body saturated with an inviscid fluid and subjected to conservative surface tractions. The gradient of the mass density of the solid phase is also taken as an independent kinematic variable and the corresponding higher-order stresses are considered. Balance laws and constitutive relations for finite deformations are reduced to those for infinitesimal deformations, and expressions for partial surface tractions acting on the solid and the fluid phases are derived. A boundary-value problem for a long hollow porous solid cylinder filled with an ideal fluid is solved, and the stability of the stressed reference configuration with respect to variations in the values of the coefficient coupling deformations of the two phases is investigated. An example of the problem studied is a cylindrical cavity leached out in salt formations for storing hydrocarbons.     

Equilibrium of an Elastic Spherical Shell Filled with a Heavy Fluid under Pressure

This paper considers the problem of equilibrium of a nonlinearly elastic spherical shell filled with a heavy fluid and resting on a smooth, absolutely rigid, flat surface. The weight of the shell is assumed to be negligible in comparison with the weight of the fluid filling it. The contact region with the supporting plane is one of the unknowns in the problem. Equilibrium equations for a membrane shell are obtained in an accurate nonlinear formulation. Stresses and strains of a shell made of a Mooney–Rivlin material are numerically investigated. The results are compared with calculation results for the case of inflation of a spherical shell ignoring the weight of the fluid filling. The effect of the fluid weight on shell strains and stresses is estimated.     

Heat Transfer in Incompressible Magnetic Fluid

In this paper we study the equations describing the dynamics of heat transfer in an incompressible magnetic fluid under the action of an applied magnetic field. The system is a combination of the Navier?CStokes equations, the magnetostatic equations and the temperature equation. We prove global-in-time existence of weak solutions with finite energy to the system posed in a bounded domain of ${\mathbb{R}^3}$ and equipped with initial and boundary conditions. The main difficulty comes from the singularity of the terms representing the Kelvin force due to the magnetization and the thermal power due to the magnetocaloric effect.     

On the Motion of Rigid Bodies in a Viscous Compressible Fluid

We prove the existence of global-in-time weak solutions to a model describing the motion of several rigid bodies in a viscous compressible fluid. Unlike most recent results of similar type, there is no restriction on the existence time, regardless of possible collisions of two or more rigid bodies and/or a contact of the bodies with the boundary. (Accepted September 23, 2002) Published online February 4, 2003 Communicated by Y. Brenier     

磁流体在铁谱技术中的应用研究

通过对某矿井提升机滑动轴承工况的实际监测 ,考察了磁流体对铁谱仪中非铁磁性颗粒沉积的影响 .结果表明 :磁流体可以使非铁磁性颗粒有效地沉积在铁谱仪的谱片上 ,使谱片携带更加全面的信息 ;磁流体对非铁磁性颗粒的“磁化”作用具有选择性 .磁流体可以用于监测非铁磁性颗粒     

磁性流体密封磁场的解耦计算

分析了磁性流体密封中的磁场与力场的耦合问题,采用边界逼近的迭代方法准确计算了磁场分布,进而求出了密封压差,分析了解耦计算与线性计算的差别.结果表明,随着磁性流体磁化强度的提高,解耦计算与线性计算的差别增大.