Decay of the L∞-norm of solutions of Navier-Stokes equations in unbounded domains

We show that for nn? 4 the L_∞-norm of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations on ?ⁿ with generalized energy inequality decays like $\parallel u(t, \cdot )\parallel _\infty = O(t^{ - ({{n + 1)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{n + 1)} 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}} ),if(1 + | \cdot |)|u(0, \cdot )| \in L_1 $ and $$\int_{\mathbb{R}^n } {u(0,x)} dx = 0$$ . The same holds for strong solutions in all dimensions, if additionally u(0, ·) ε L_p p >n.     

Nonlinear superharmonic functions and supersolutions

Due to the lack of representation formulas for superharmonic functions associated with p-harmonic equations ${-\nabla \cdot(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u) = \mu}$ and their generalizations ${-\nabla \cdot A(x,\nabla u) = \mu}$ ,where ${A(x,\nabla u) \cdot \nabla u \approx | \nabla u |^{p}}$ , the interplay between nonlinear superharmonic functions and supersolutions is more important than in the linear case. Using the recent result of Kilpeläinen et. al., we establish sufficient and necessary conditions in terms of the Riesz measure μ that a p-superharmonic function is an ordinary weak supersolution. As an example we consider p-superharmonic solutions of the Poisson-type equation ${-\nabla \cdot A(x,\nabla u) = f(x)}$ .     

The maximal variation of a bounded martingale

Let \(\chi _0^n = \left\{ {X_t } \right\}_0^n \) be a martingale such that 0≦X_i≦1;i=0, …,n. For 0≦p≦1 denote by ? _p ⁿ the set of all such martingales satisfying alsoE(X₀)=p. Thevariation of a martingale χ ₀ ⁿ is denoted byV ₀ ⁿ and defined by \(V(\chi _0^n ) = E\left( {\sum {_{l = 0}^{n - 1} } \left| {X_{l + 1} - X_l } \right|} \right)\) . It is proved that $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left\{ {\mathop {Sup}\limits_{x_0^n \in \mathcal{M}_p^n } \left[ {\frac{1}{{\sqrt n }}V(\chi _0^n )} \right]} \right\} = \phi (p)$$ , where ?(p) is the well known normal density evaluated at itsp-quantile, i.e. $$\phi (p) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt {2\pi } }}\exp ( - \frac{1}{2}\chi _p^2 ) where \int_{ - \alpha }^{x_p } {\frac{1}{{\sqrt {2\pi } }}\exp ( - \frac{1}{2}\chi ^2 )} dx = p$$ . A sequence of martingales χ ₀ ⁿ ,n=1,2, … is constructed so as to satisfy \(\lim _{n \to \infty } (1/\sqrt n )V(\chi _0^n ) = \phi (p)\) .     

Topological degree for solutions of fourth order mean field equations

We consider the following fourth order mean field equation with Navier boundary condition $$\Delta^2 u = \rho \frac{h(x) e^{u}}{\int_\Omega h e^{u}}\,\,{\rm in}\, \Omega,{\quad}u = \Delta u = 0\,\,{\rm on}\,\partial \Omega,\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad(*)$$ where h is a C ^2,?? positive function, ?? is a bounded and smooth domain in ${\mathbb{R}^4}$ . We prove that for ${\rho \in (32m\sigma_3, 32(m + 1)\sigma_3)}$ the degree-counting formula for (*) is given by $$d(\rho)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{1}{m!} (-\chi (\Omega) +1) \cdot\cdot \cdot (-\chi(\Omega)+m) & {\rm for}\, m >0 ,\\ 1 & {\rm for}\, m=0\end{array}\right.$$ where ??(??) is the Euler characteristic of ??. Similar result is also proved for the corresponding Dirichlet problem $$\Delta^2 u = \rho \frac{h(x) e^{u}}{\int_\Omega h e^{u}}\quad{\rm in}\,\Omega, \quad u = \nabla u = 0 \quad {\rm on}\,\,\partial \Omega.\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad(**)$$      

Modal stabilization of a certain class of uniformly controllable systems

The system $\dot x = A( \cdot )x + b( \cdot )u,$ where A(·) ∈ ? ^n×n and b(·) ∈ ? ^n×1, is considered. The elements of the matrix A(·) and the column b(·) are bounded by nonanticipating functionals of an arbitrary nature that satisfy the condition $\mathop {\inf }\limits_{( \cdot )} A^{n - 1} ( \cdot )b( \cdot ),...,A( \cdot )b( \cdot ),b( \cdot )| > 0$ . From a given constant spectrum contained in the left half-plane, a feedback u = (s(·), x) is constructed, the coefficients of which are expressed in terms of A(·) and b(·). Conditions for the closed system to be globally exponentially stable are found. A similar result is obtained for the system $x(k + 1) = A(k)x(k) + b(k)u(k)$ .     

On the approximation by de la Vallée Poussin sums and interpolatory polynomials in Lipschitz norms

ПустьM ^m,α - множество 2π-п ериодических функци йf с конечной нормой $$||f||_{p,m,\alpha } = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^m {||f^{(k)} ||_{_p } + \mathop {\sup }\limits_{h \ne 0} |h|^{ - \alpha } ||} f^{(m)} (o + h) - f^{(m)} (o)||_{p,} $$ где1 ≦ p ≦ ∞, 0≦α≦1. Рассмотр им средние Bалле Пуссе на $$(\sigma _{n,1} f)(x) = \frac{1}{\pi }\int\limits_0^{2x} {f(u)K_{n,1} (x - u)du} $$ и $$(L_{n,1} f)(x) = \frac{2}{{2n + 1}}\sum\limits_{k = 1}^{2n} {f(x_k )K_{n,1} } (x - x_k ),$$ де0≦l≦n и x _k=2kπ/(2n+1). В работе по лучены оценки для вел ичин \(||f - \sigma _{n,1} f||_{p,r,\beta } \) и $$||f - L_{n,1} f||_{p,r,\beta } (r + \beta \leqq m + \alpha ).$$      

Principal Eigenvalue of p-Laplacian Operator in Exterior Domain

We consider an eigenvalue problem of the form $$\left.\begin{array}{cl}-\Delta_{p} u = \lambda\, K(x)|u|^{p-2}u \quad \mbox{in}\quad \Omega^e\\ u(x) =0 \quad \mbox{for}\quad \partial \Omega\\ u(x) \to 0 \quad \mbox{as}\quad |x| \to \infty,\end{array} \right \}$$ where \({\Omega \subset \mathrm{I\!R\!}^N}\) is a simply connected bounded domain, containing the origin, with C ² boundary \({\partial \Omega}\) and \({\Omega^e:=\mathrm{I\!R\!^N} \setminus \overline{\Omega}}\) is the exterior domain, \({1 < p < N, \Delta_{p}u:={\rm div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u)}\) is the p-Laplacian operator and \({K \in L^{\infty}(\Omega^e) \cap L^{N/p}(\Omega^e)}\) is a positive function. Existence and properties of principal eigenvalue λ ₁ and its corresponding eigenfunction are established which are generally known in bounded domain or in \({\mathrm{I\!R\!}^N}\) . We also establish the decay rate of positive eigenfunction as \({|x| \to \infty}\) as well as near ?Ω.     

ОптИМАльНыЕ кВАДРАт УРНыЕ ФОРМУлы Дль клА ссОВ ФУНкцИИ с ИНтЕгРИРУЕ МОИ ВL p r-ОИ пРОИжВОДНОИ

On the classW ^r L _p (1≦p≦∞;r=1, 2,…) of 1-periodic functions ?(x) having an absolutely continuous (r? l)st derivative such that $$\parallel f^{(r)} \parallel _{L_p } \leqq 1 (\parallel f^{(r)} \parallel _{L_\infty } = vrai \sup |f^{(r)} (x)|)$$ vrai sup ¦?(^r)(x)¦) an optimal quadrature formula of the form (0 ≦? ≦r?1, 0 ≦x ₀ < x₁ <…< x_m ≦ 1) is found in the cases ?=r?2 and ?=r? 3 (r=3, 5, …). An exact error bound is established for this formula. The statements proved forW ^r L _p allowed us also to obtain, under certain restrictions posed on the coefficientsp _kl, and the nodesx ₀ andx _m, optimal quadrature formulae for the classes $$W_0^r L_p = \{ f:f \in W^r L_p , f^{(i)} (0) = 0 (i = 0,1,...,r - 2)\} $$ and $$W_0^r L_p = \{ f:f \in \tilde W^r L_p , f^{(i)} (0) = f^{(i)} (1) = 0 (i = 0,1,...,r - 2)\} $$ for the same values ofp andr as above.     

Symmetry breaking bifurcation from solutions concentrating on the equator of \mathbb{S}^N

We are concerned with the elliptic problem $${\varepsilon ^2}{\Delta _{{S^n}}}u - u + {u^p} = 0{\text{ in }}{S^n},u > 0{\text{ in }}{S^n}$$ , where ${\Delta _{{S^n}}}$ is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $\mathbb{S}^n : = \left\{ {x \in \mathbb{R}^{n + 1} ;\left\| x \right\| = 1} \right\}\left( {n \geqslant 3} \right)$ , and p ? 2. We construct a smooth branch C of solutions concentrating on the equator S ⁿ ∩ {x _{n+1 = 0}}. Using the Crandall-Rabinowitz bifurcation theorem, we show that C has infinitely many bifurcation points from which continua of nonradial solutions emanate. In applying the bifurcation theorem, we verify the transversality condition directly.     

Hausdorff measure of the level sets of multi-parameter wiener processes in one dimension

LetZ _N (t) be anN-parameter Wiener process in one dimension, and $$E(x,T) = \left\{ {t = (t_1 , \cdot \cdot \cdot ,t_N ):Z_N (t) = x,0 \leqslant t_1 , \cdot \cdot \cdot ,t_N \leqslant T} \right\}$$ . Then we obtain that with probability one, the Hausdorff measure function ofE(x,T) is $$\psi _N (r) = r^{N - \tfrac{1}{2}} (\log \log r^{ - 1} )^{\tfrac{1}{2}} ,\forall r \in (0,\frac{1}{4})$$ for anyx∈R ¹ andT>0.     

A reciprocity formula for quadratic forms

LetQ(x) denote a quadratic form over the rational integers in four variables (x=(x₁,...,x₄)). ThenQ is representable as a symmetric matrix. Assume this matrix to be non-singular modp(p≠2 prime); then the “inverse” quadratic formQ ^?1 modp can be defined. Letf:?⁴→? be defined such that the Fourier transformf exists and the sum $$\sum\limits_{x \in \mathbb{Z}^4 } {f(c x), c \in \mathbb{R}, c \ne 0} $$ is convergent. Furthermore, letm=p ₁...p _k be the product ofk distinct primes withm>1, 2×m; let $$\varepsilon = \prod\limits_{i = 1}^k {\left( {\frac{{\det Q}}{{p_i }}} \right)} \ne 0$$ for the Legendre symbol $$\left( {\frac{ \cdot }{p}} \right)$$ ; define $$B_i (Q,x) = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {1 for Q(x) \equiv 0\bmod p_i } \\ , \\ {0 for Q(x)\not \equiv 0\bmod p_i } \\ \end{array} } \right.$$ and forr∈?,r>0, $$F(Q,f,r) = \sum\limits_{x \in \mathbb{Z}^4 } {\left( {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^k {\left( {B_i (Q,x) - \frac{1}{{p_i }}} \right)} } \right)f(r^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} x)} $$ Then we have $$F(Q,f,m) = \varepsilon F(Q^{ - 1} ,\hat f,m)$$      

Stability of blowup for a parabolic p-Laplace equation with nonlinear source

In this paper, we mainly consider the stability of blowup of solutions for the p-Laplace equation with nonlinear source ${u_t = {div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u) + u^q,\;\;(x,t)\in\mathbb{R}^N \times (0,T)}$ , with the initial value ${u(x,0) = u_0(x) \geq 0}$ , where ${\|u_0 (x)\|_{L^\infty} \leq M}$ and T < ∞ is the blowup time. Under a small oscillation around the radial initial value, we can prove the solution blows up in finite time and obtain the blowup rate estimate of the form ${\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{L^\infty}\leq C(T-t)^{-\frac{1}{q-1}}}$ , where the constant C > 0 is dependent only on N, p, q, and the parameters q and p are expected to be ${p > 2, p-1 < q < \frac{Np}{(N-p)}_+ -1}$ .     

Integral representations for some classes of functions holomorphic in a strip or in a half-plane

В данной работе рассм атриваются классы фу нкцийf(z), голоморфные в област иa (?∞<a<b≦+∞) приp≧1 иs≧0, и у довлетворяющие одному из следующих условий:

1. Еслиb≦+∞, то $$\int\limits_a^b {(\int\limits_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\left| {f\left( {x + iy} \right)} \right|^p } dy)^s dx< + \infty .} $$
2. Еслиb=+∞, иa=0, то $$\int\limits_0^u {(\int\limits_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\left| {f\left( {x + iy} \right)} \right|^p } dy)^s dx \leqq \varrho \left( u \right), u > 0,} $$ где?(u) — функция опред еленного роста.

Результаты работы су щественно обобщают т еорему Пэли—Винера о параме трическом представлений класс аH ₂ на полуплоскости.     

Commutators of BMO functions and degenerate Schr?dinger operators with certain nonnegative potentials

Let ${\mathcal{L}f(x)=-\frac{1}{\omega}\sum_{i,j} \partial_i(a_{i,j}(\cdot)\partial_jf)(x)+V(x)f(x)}$ with the non-negative potential V belonging to reverse H?lder class with respect to the measure ??(x)dx, where ??(x) satisfies the A ₂ condition of Muckenhoupt and a _i,j (x) is a real symmetric matrix satisfying ${\lambda^{-1}\omega(x)|\xi|^2\le \sum^n_{i,j=1}a_{i,j}(x)\xi_i\xi_j\le\lambda\omega(x)|\xi|^2. }$ We obtain some estimates for ${V^{\alpha}\mathcal{L}^{-\alpha}}$ on the weighted L ^p spaces and we study the weighted L ^p boundedness of the commutator ${[b, V^{\alpha} \mathcal{L}^{-\alpha}]}$ when ${b\in BMO_\omega}$ and 0?<??? ?? 1.     

On Some Quasilinear Elliptic Systems with Singular and Sign-Changing Potentials

Using variational methods, we study the existence and nonexistence of nontrivial weak solutions for the quasilinear elliptic system $$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}- {\rm div}(h_1(|\nabla u|^2)\nabla u) = \frac{\mu}{|x|^2}u + \lambda F_u(x, u, \upsilon)\quad {\rm in}\,\Omega,\\- {\rm div}(h_2(|\nabla \upsilon|^2)\nabla \upsilon) = \frac{\mu}{|x|^2}\upsilon + \lambda F_\upsilon(x,u,\upsilon)\quad {\rm in}\,\Omega,\\u = \upsilon = 0 \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad {\rm in}\, \partial\Omega, \end{array}\right.$$ where \({\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N,N \geq 3}\) , is a bounded domain containing the origin with smooth boundary \({\partial \Omega ; h_i, i = 1, 2}\) , are nonhomogeneous potentials; \({(F_u, F_v) = \nabla F}\) stands for the gradient of a sign-changing C ¹-function \({F : \Omega \times \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}}\) in the variable \({{w = (u, v) \in \mathbb{R}^2}}\) ; and λ and μ are parameters.     

Interior regularity operators

ПустьР - линейный диф ференциальный опера тор с достаточно гладкими коэффициентами. По определению,P явля ется оператором внут ренней регулярности на ω ?R ⁿ т огда и только тогда, когда \(u \in B_{p,k_{ - N} }^{loc} (\Omega )\) и ω′?ω из условия \(Pu \in B_{p,k_s }^{loc} (\Omega ')\) вытекает, что \(u \in B_{p,k_s k}^{loc} (\Omega ')\) , где ?N+1≦s≦N. Соотве тствующий пример: $$Pu = - \Delta u + u c k(\xi ) = \xi _1^2 + \ldots + \xi _n^2 + 1.$$ Указанные операторы характеризуются в ра боте в терминах априорных н еравенств. До^? казывается также сущ ествование локальны х фундаментальных реш ений для оператора, со пряженного кP, а также его гладкос ть вне диагонали. Эти результаты являются аналогами соответствующих рез ультатов для гипоэлл иптических операторов.     

A property of an autonomous minimax optimal control problem

A control system \(\dot x = f\left( {x,u} \right)\) ,u) with cost functional $$\mathop {ess \sup }\limits_{T0 \leqslant t \leqslant T1} G\left( {x\left( t \right),u\left( t \right)} \right)$$ is considered. For an optimal pair \(\left( {\bar x\left( \cdot \right),\bar u\left( \cdot \right)} \right)\) ,ū(·)), there is a maximum principle of the form $$\eta \left( t \right)f\left( {\bar x\left( t \right),\bar u\left( t \right)} \right) = \mathop {\max }\limits_{u \in \Omega \left( t \right)} \eta \left( t \right)f\left( {\bar x\left( t \right),u} \right).$$ By means of this fact, it is shown that \(\eta \left( t \right)f\left( {\bar x\left( t \right),\bar u\left( t \right)} \right)\) is equal to a constant almost everywhere.     

Generalized Lax-Milgram theorem in Banach spaces and its application to the elliptic system of boundary value problems

We generalize the well-known Lax-Milgram theorem on the Hilbert space to that on the Banach space. Suppose that ${a(\cdot, \cdot)}$ is a continuous bilinear form on the product ${X\times Y}$ of Banach spaces X and Y, where Y is reflexive. If null spaces N _X and N _Y associated with ${a(\cdot, \cdot)}$ have complements in X and in Y, respectively, and if ${a(\cdot, \cdot)}$ satisfies certain variational inequalities both in X and in Y, then for every ${F \in N_Y^{\perp}}$ , i.e., ${F \in Y^{\ast}}$ with ${F(\phi) = 0}$ for all ${\phi \in N_Y}$ , there exists at least one ${u \in X}$ such that ${a(u, \varphi) = F(\varphi)}$ holds for all ${\varphi \in Y}$ with ${\|u\|_X \le C\|F\|_{Y^{\ast}}}$ . We apply our result to several existence theorems of L ^r -solutions to the elliptic system of boundary value problems appearing in the fluid mechanics.     

Optimal estimates for harmonic functions in the unit ball

We find the sharp constants C _p and the sharp functions C _p ?=?C _p (x) in the inequality $$ |u(x)|\leq \frac{C_{p}}{(1-|x|^{2})^{(n-1)/p}} \|u\|_{h^{p}(B^{n})}, u\in h^{p}(B^{n}), x\in B^{n}, $$ in terms of Gauss hypergeometric and Euler functions. This extends and improves some results of Axler et?al. (Harmonic function theory, New York, 1992), where they obtained similar results which are sharp only in the cases p = 2 and p = 1.     

Multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the Schr?dinger�CPoisson equations

This paper is concerned with the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the nonlinear Schr?dinger?CPoisson equations $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} -\varepsilon^2\triangle u+V(x)u+\phi(x) u=f(u)& {\rm in}\,{\mathbb R}^3, \\ -\varepsilon^2\triangle \phi=u^2 & {\rm in}\,{\mathbb R}^3, \\ u\in H^1({\mathbb R}^3), u(x) > 0,& \forall x\in{\mathbb R}^3, \\ \end{array} \right. $$ where ???>?0 is a parameter, ${V: {\mathbb R}^3\rightarrow{\mathbb R}}$ is a continuous function and ${f: {\mathbb R}\rightarrow {\mathbb R}}$ is a C ¹ function having subcritical growth. The proof of the main result is based on minimax theorems and the Ljusternik?CSchnirelmann theory.