二甲基甲酰胺中四种钕盐的电导

通过电导测量研究了四种钕盐：Nd(CF3SO3)3、Nd(ClO4)3、Nd(NO3)3和NdCl3在极性非质子溶剂DMF中的电导性质.利用线性拟合方法求得在25 ℃下Nd(CF3SO3)3和Nd(ClO4)3的极限摩尔电导率分别为278.8和 280.7 S•cm2•mol－1.用间接方法求得Nd(NO3)3 与NdCl3 的极限摩尔电导率分别为297.2和287.3 S•cm2 •mol－1.在25～65 ℃温度范围内，Nd(CF3SO3)3和Nd(ClO4)3的电导率随温度呈线性变化. Nd(NO3)3和NdCl3的电导行为表现出明显的离子缔合.     

二甲基甲酰胺中电沉积制备钐钴合金

稀土;恒电位电沉积;柠檬酸;二甲基甲酰胺中电沉积制备钐钴合金     

NaNO3和NaClO4在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的离子溶剂化

利用红外光谱研究了NaNO₃和NaClO₄在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中发生离子-溶剂和离子-离子的相互作用, 分析结果表明, DMF的OC-N谱带发生了明显的变化. 定量计算了在Na⁺浓度为0.22~1.24 mol/kg范围内的溶剂化数为1~4. 对谱图中酰胺基上C-N和CO的特征峰强度随Na⁺浓度变化的对比, 推测离子溶剂化作用导致DMF的酰胺基内部形成共轭键. 利用量子化学方法进行优化及热力学性质计算, 得到C-N键伸缩振动频率及红外光谱强度变化规律. 优化结构与实验结论相符合. 由NaNO₃的ν₂谱带及NaClO₄的ν₁谱带的解析得到溶液中阴离子缔合效应的一般规律, 并通过阴离子缔合特征峰与酰胺基上的N-C-N面外振动峰(865 cm^-1)的变化情况, 讨论了溶液中的离子溶剂化作用.     

缓冲溶液法制备氧化钐稳定氧化锆纳米粉体及其表征

以硝酸盐为前驱体、NH3·H2O-NH4HCO3为复合沉淀剂，采用缓冲溶液法制备了含4％～12％（摩尔分数）Sm2O3的ZrO2粉体。通过X射线衍射、透射电镜及比表面吸附法等对所得粉体的相结构、形貌和粒度进行了测定。所得粉体经冷等静压成形后，在1300～1500℃下烧结5h，得到烧结体。采用阿基米德法（水介质）测定了烧结体的密度，采用扫描电镜对烧结体的微结构进行了观测，并通过交流阻抗谱法测定了烧结体的电导率。实验结果表明：当Sm2O3掺杂量大于8％时，在600℃煅烧共沉淀物可得到具有立方结构的氧化钐稳定氧化锆（SSZ）粉体，其颗粒形状规则，粒径在10～20nm。随着Sm2O3掺杂量的增加和烧结温度的升高，烧结体的相对密度增加，1500℃烧结的掺杂12％Sm2O3的ZrO2（12SSZ）烧结体的相对密度为96．91％。在500～800℃的测量范围内，SSZ烧结体的电导率与温度成线性关系，12SSZ在800℃时的电导率可达0．043S·cm^-1，电导活化能为0．72eV。     

高分子阴离子电导的研究

制备了含Ｉ＾－榻解质薄膜,用阻抗谱法测量了样品的Ｉ＾－电导率,分析了样品的频响特性曲线,用Ｗａｇｎｅｒ直流极化法测量了样品的电子电导。实验发现,此阴离子导体几乎和相应的含Ｎａ＾＋有相同的离子电导率,且随着碘含量的增加, 率增大。离子电导实验结果表明,在此阴离子导体中,电子电导占总电导率的９％,而空穴的导导率比电子电导率小１￣２个数量级。     

钐的氟化物体系中钐离子价态及其转换

H_2气流中多次还原SmF_3,合成了非整比系列SmF_x(2.0≤x≤3.0),并获得了接近整比的二氟化钐,讨论了各类非整比氟化钐化合物的结构及钐离子的价态,考察了在不同气氛中二氟化钐中钐离子价态的高温转换过程。     

二甲基甲酰胺中钬镍合金的电沉积

研究了在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)体系中钬的电还原及钬与镍的电解共沉积.结果表明,由 于微量水在电极上还原形成不溶的导电性差的膜层,使钬单独沉积很困难.恒电位电解用于 制备钬镍合金, EDAX,SEM和XRD用于分析镀层,得到了黑色粘附性好的非晶态钬镍合金镀层 ,钬的含量可高达72.7％.     

二甲基甲酰胺-二氧六环混合溶剂中KBr,KSCN及KClO_4的电导研究

本文报告了KBr、KSC N、KClO_4和KI在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中的电导测定值、溶剂的粘度和溶液的密度,按Pitts,Fuoss1978和Lee-Wheaton电导方程拟合实验数据得出溶液的无限稀释摩尔电导A_o,离子缔合常数K_α和正负离子间的距离参数R。对三个方程的适用性和溶液中离子-离子-溶剂分子间的相互作用作了初步讨论。     

压力对含高氯酸锂盐的互穿网络高分子离子导体电导的影响

研究了含ＬｉＣｌＯ４盐的聚氧化烯（ＰＥＯ）４００与环氧树脂所形成的互穿网络系统的非晶高分子膜的电导率随压力（０～４０ＭＰａ）的变化。温度由室温至７０℃，电导率在５ＭＰａ下电导率对压力变化的等温曲线上出现一极大值，超过５ＭＰａ以后，电导率随压力的增加而减小。计算了激活体积，从结晶化学原理和离子沿最小能量途径迁移原理并考虑离子传输通道的微观物理图像解释了压力对样品的电导率和激活体积的影响。     

亚慢性钐染毒对雄性小鼠精子质量的影响

为探讨稀土元素钐对雄性小鼠精子的毒性作用, 让5组小鼠自由饮用含硝酸钐0, 5, 50, 500, 2000 mg·L-1的溶液3个月后, 观察钐对小鼠精子活力、数量、畸形率及顶体完整率的影响. 结果表明: 各处理组精子活力、数量都有所降低, 其中2000 mg·L-1剂量组与对照组相比, 各指标值均有极显著差异(P《0.01); 50, 500, 2000 mg·L-1剂量组的精子畸形率与对照组相比也具有极显著差异(P《0.01), 且染毒剂量与精子总畸形率呈现出直线变化的剂量对数-效应关系. 因此精子畸形率可作为稀土元素钐作用于雄性生殖系统的标志指标; 各处理组的顶体完整率也均低于对照组. 说明亚慢性钐暴露对小鼠精子具有一定的毒性作用.     

亚慢性钐暴露对小鼠睾丸组织的影响

为了探讨稀土元素钐对雄性小鼠睾丸的毒性作用,让5组小鼠自由饮用含硝酸钐0,5,50,500,2000mg·L-1的溶液3个月后,观察钐对睾丸组织生化指标及组织病理学的影响。结果表明,各处理组睾丸结构遭到不同程度的破坏,尤其是精子和间质细胞大量减少。2000mg·L-1剂量组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力和500,2000mg·L-1剂量组乳酸脱氢酶X(LDH-X)活力均受到明显抑制;50,500,2000mg·L-1剂量组山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活力明显下降,而γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-GT)活力不受影响;随钐浓度的增加,Na+K+-ATPase,Mg2+-ATPase活力有“低促高抑”的趋势,Ca2+-ATPase活力则均呈抑制作用。说明亚慢性钐暴露对小鼠生殖性腺具有一定的毒性作用。     

Critical Behavior of the Electrical Conductivity of Concentrated Electrolytes: Ethylammonium Nitrate in n-Octanol Binary Mixture

The electrical conductivity of highly concentrated binary ionic mixtures of ethylammonium nitrate in n-octanol at a critical salt mole fraction x = 0.766 and at an off-critical one x = 0.908 was measured over an extended temperature range above the critical consolute point. Far from the critical temperature T _c, the conductivity is accurately described by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) law. However, in a temperature range T = (T – T _c) 3 K, the conductivity exhibits a monotonous deviation from the VFT behavior. This anomaly is finite at T _c and, for the critical mixture, its amplitude is 0.23% of (T _c). The asymptotic behavior of the conductivity anomaly is described by a power law ^{(1 – )}, with = (T – T _c)/T _c, the reduced temperature, and , the critical exponent of the specific heat anomaly at constant pressure. This critical anomaly is similar to the one observed in other highly concentrated critical electrolytes. The degree of dissociation of the salt for the critical mixture, _diss 0.78 ± 0.04, is estimated from the value of the Walden product computed at T _c, and accounts for the effective free ion concentration in the reduced critical coordinates of the system.     

纳米LaF3块体材料常温离子电导率的研究

采用水溶液直接沉淀法成功制备了LaF3纳米粉体.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了粒子形貌及粒度,粒子呈球形,粒径范围在10～20 nm之间,粉体单分散性良好.用X射线衍射(XRD)分析得到的平均粒径16.7 nm.采用真空高压固结法在真空度10-4 Pa条件下常温加压至1 GPa制备了纳米LaF3块体材料.采用交流阻抗谱研究了纳米LaF3的室温离子电导率,发现纳米LaF3的室温离子电导率(10-5 S·cm-1)和单晶LaF3的室温离子电导率(10-6 S·cm-1)相比有明显提高.观察到由于纳米材料的弛豫引起电导率随测试次数增大的现象.     

Synthesis of Thioproline Salicylic Acid Samarium Complex and Microcalorimetric Study on Effects of the Complex on the Growth Metabolism of S. pombe Cells

The product from reaction of samarium chloride hexahydrate with salicylic acid and thioproline, [Sm(C₇H₅O₃)₂·(C₄H₆NO₂S)]·2H₂O (TSAS), was synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and thermogravimatric analysis. Particularly, the effect of the compounds TSAS, SmCl₃·6H₂O, C₇H₆O₃ and C₄H₇NO₂S on the growth and metabolism of S. pombe by a TAM Air isothermal calorimeter at 32°C is also reported. The thermokinetic parameters, which included the microbial growth rate constant (κ), inhibition ratio (I) and half inhibition concentration (IC₅₀), were obtained. The results showed that all the compounds TSAS, SmCl₃·6H₂O, C₇H₆O₃ and C₄H₇NO₂S possessed the bi‐directional biological effect and Hormesis effect. These stimulate the growth of the S. pombe at lower concentration, but inhibit the growth at higher concentration. The half inhibition concentrations (IC₅₀) of TSAS, SmCl₃·6H₂O, C₄H₇NO₂S and C₇H₆O₃ were found to be 0.732, 0.746, 0.746 and 1.43 mmol·L⁻¹, respectively. The inhibition ability of these compounds on the growth of the S. pombe has been observed to decrease in the order TSAS>SmCl₃·6H₂O=C₄H₇NO₂S>C₇H₆O₃. Moreover, the effect of TSAS on the growth and cytokinesis of S. pombe was investigated by cytomorphology and FT IR spectroscopy technique. The results indicated that TSAS had a direct impact on apoptosis, and could also inhibit the cell growth by reducing cytokinesis and the binding locations of drug (TSAS) in S. pombe cells could be the proteins and nucleic acid.     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜器对钐传质性能的影响

以Ｐ５０７－煤油ＨＣｌ－Ｓｍ为实验体系,在两种聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜器中研究了溶胀性能、反萃酸度对基于水相的总传质系数及中空纤维膜孔径的影响,考察了料液酸度、萃取剂浓度、钐离子浓度与萃取速率的关系。获得了相应的反应级数。根据界面反应动力学,得到了速率常数值和动力学方程。     

Poly(ammonioalkanesulfonate) Blends with Polar Organic Species and Alkali Metal Salts: Structure,Glass Transition and Ionic Conductivity

Because the dipole moment of its zwitterionic side group is very high (μ∼23 D), poly[3-(N,N-diethyl-N-(5-methacryloyoxy-3-oxopentyl)-ammonio) propanesulfonate] affords a unique polar host matrix possessing a strong solvation power towards a variety of polar or ionic guest species. Water, glycerol, liquid ethylammonium nitrate, triethylammoniopropanesulfonate are all good plasticizers with a fairly similar efficiency of ΔT_g∼−2°C/mol% of additive, while a dizwitterion behaves as a weak antiplasticizer. The stoichiometric blends of the polyzwitterion with alkali metal salts of low enough lattice energy such as thiocyanates, trifuoromethanesulfonates, iodides, perchlorates, tetrafluoro or tetraphenylborates, are amorphous systems showing a single glass transition, with plasticization or antiplasticization effects depending on the salt nature. Microphase separation systematically occurs in these binary systems but long-range order is observed only in some cases, with development of lamellar (I⁻) or hexagonal (SCN⁻) structures. Conductivity increases and the dielectric constant of the material decreases as salt is added. The activation energies of the conductivity are not strongly affected either by the state of the material, glassy or viscoelastic, or by the salt nature. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fe2O3掺杂Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9固体电解质的结构与导电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成SiO2含量小于50×10-6的Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9(NDC)陶瓷粉体,并将少量Fe2O3加入到NDC体系中,讨论Fe2O3的掺杂对其微观结构及电性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对氧化物进行结构表征,交流阻抗谱(AC)测试电性能。研究表明,Fe2O3的掺杂显著提高NDC陶瓷材料的致密度;相比于NDC而言,加入Fe2O3后材料的晶界电导率提高约12倍,总电导率提高约6倍。     

掺杂Sm_2O_3的Y_2O_3-2TiO_2系微波介质陶瓷的性能研究

以具有中介电常数的新型Y2O3-2TiO2系微波介质陶瓷为基体,选用Sm2O3作为掺杂改性剂,通过传统固相法制备成陶瓷。重点研究了不同Sm2O3掺杂量对基体Y2O3-2TiO2微波介质陶瓷物相组成和介电性能的影响。采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分别对其物相组成和显微结构进行了分析,用阻抗分析仪和网络分析仪测试其介电性能。结果表明:掺杂Sm2O3未改变材料的主晶相,仍为A2B2O7烧绿石结构,Sm3+取代Y3+占据A位;掺杂有效降低了陶瓷的烧结温度,掺杂量为5%(质量分数)时,烧结温度为1330℃,材料的综合性能最佳,εr=23,tanδ=0.0046,Q×f=6713 GHz。