Optical second harmonic generation in asymmetric double triangular quantum wells

The second harmonic generation (SHG) in the asymmetric double triangular quantum wells (DTQWs) is investigated theoretically. The dependence of the SHG coefficient on the right-well width of the DTQWs is studied, and the influence of the applied electric field on SHG coefficient is also taken into account. The analytical expression of the SHG coefficient is analyzed by using the compact density-matrix approach and the iterative method. Finally, the numerical calculations are presented for the typical GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs asymmetric DTQWs. The results show that the calculated SHG coefficient in this coupled system can reach the magnitude of 10⁻⁵ m/V, 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in step quantum well, and that in double square quantum wells. Moreover, the SHG coefficient is not a monotonic function of the right-well width, but has complex relationship with it. The calculated results also reveal that an applied electric field has a great influence on the SHG coefficient. Applying an appropriate electric field to a DTQW with a wider right well can induce a sharper peak of the SHG coefficient due to the double-resonant enhancement.     

The second harmonic generation in GaAs/GaAlAs spherical quantum dots under Woods-Saxon plus attractive inversely quadratic potential

We examine the profile of second harmonic generation (SHG) for GaAs/GaAlAs spherical quantum dots (QDs) of Woods-Saxon (WS) plus attractive inversely quadratic (AIQ) potential under the joint influence of additional factors (pressure and temperature) and structural parameters (strengths and radius). The energies and wave functions in GaAs/GaAlAs spherical QDs under WS-AIQ limiting potential are calculated using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. Depending on the calculated energies and corresponding wave functions, the SHG coefficient is examined by the iterative procedure in the density matrix method for this system. Finally, the calculated results display that a strong SHG coefficient response, and red shift or blue shift energy can be acquired by adjusting parameters.     

Model of tunnelling through periodic array of quantum dots in a magnetic field

A two-dimensional periodic array of quantum dots with two laterally coupled leads in a magnetic field is considered.The model of electron transport through the system based on the theory of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators is suggested.We obtain the formula for the transmission coefficient and investigate its dependence on the magnetic field.     

Interaction-induced harmonic frequency mixing in quantum dots

We show that harmonic frequency mixing in quantum dots coupled to two leads under the influence of time-dependent voltages of different frequency is dominated by interaction effects. This offers a unique and direct spectroscopic tool to access correlations, and holds promise for efficient frequency mixing in nanodevices. Explicit results are provided for an Anderson dot and for a molecular level with phonon-mediated interactions.     

Predictions of quantum mechanics and stochastic electrodynamics in travelling wave second harmonic generation

We show that stochastic electrodynamics and quantum mechanics give quantitatively different predictions for the quantum nondemolition (QND) correlations in travelling wave second harmonic generation. Using phase space methods and stochastic integration, we calculate correlations in both the positive-P and truncated Wigner representations, the latter being equivalent to the semi-classical theory of stochastic electrodynamics. We show that the semi-classical results are different in the regions where the system performs best in relation to the QND criteria, and that they significantly overestimate the performance in these regions.     

Magnetization-induced second harmonic generation in a polar ferromagnet

Second harmonic generation (SHG) induced by spontaneous magnetization has been investigated for a polar ferromagnetic crystal of GaFeO3. The Kerr rotation of the second harmonic light becomes gigantic with decreasing temperature below the magnetic transition temperature (approximately =205 K), e.g., as large as 73 degrees at 100 K. The magnetic domains can be visualized by using that large nonlinear Kerr rotation. The spectrum of the magnetization-induced SHG as measured indicates the two-photon resonant electronic process on a Fe3+ ion in the crystal.     

Exact solution for second harmonic generation in XFELs

The generation of harmonic radiation via a non-linear mechanism, driven by electron bunching at the fundamental frequency, is an important option in the operation of high-gain Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). By utilizing harmonic generation at a large scale facility, the production of intense radiation at shorter wavelengths for the same electron beam energy is feasible. This paper describes a theory of second harmonic generation in planar undulators with particular attention to X-Ray FELs (XFELs). Our study is based on an exact analytical solution of Maxwell’s equations, derived with the help of a Green’s function method. Up-to-date theoretical understanding of second harmonic generation is limited to the estimation of the total radiation power, which is based on a comparison of the right hand side of the wave equation for the first harmonic with the right hand side of the equation for the second harmonic, the latter being incorrectly modified. The exact solution should be obtained by solving the wave equation itself. Our work yields correct parametric dependencies and specific predictions of additional properties such as polarization, angular distribution of the radiation intensity and total power. The most surprising prediction is the presence of a vertically polarized part of the second harmonic radiation, whereas current knowledge predicts a horizontally polarized field.     

Third-harmonic generation in cubical quantum dots

Third-harmonic generation (THG) for cubical quantum dots (CQDs) with an applied electric field is theoretically investigated in the framework of the compact-density-matrix approach and an iterative method. The confined wave functions and energies of electrons in the CQDs are calculated in the effective-mass approximation. Numerical calculations are presented for typical GaAs/AlAs CQDs. The results demonstrate that the THG strongly depends on the length of the CQDs and the magnitude of the electric field. Also, the peaks shift towards the higher energy region with increasing electric field.     

Self pulsing in second harmonic generation

We consider nonlinear optical processes in a cavity maintained far from thermal equilibrium by external pumping. In second harmonic generation we predict a hard mode instability at a critical pump strength indicating the existence of undamped spiking similar to that in strongly pumped lasers. In subharmonic generation above the soft mode transition noted by Graham we predict the appearance of sidebands in the subharmonic spectrum.     

Noncollinear second harmonic generation in KDP

This paper reports experimental and analytical results on optical second harmonic generation when a noncollinear arrangement is employed. The dependence of second harmonic power on crystal length, absorption, beam radius and the angle between the two fundamental waves is obtained. Double refraction of the crystal is taken into account, but the divergence and depletion of the fundamental waves are neglected. The results of the calculations are confirmed by experiments carried out with a KDP crystal in the near field of two intersecting TEM₀₀ ruby laser beams.An extension of the theory to nonlinear interactions other than second harmonic generation - e.g. four-wave interaction - is possible.     

Efficient second harmonic generation in CDA

Efficient second harmonic generation at 0.532 μ has been achieved in a temperature tuned CDA crystal when a narrow beam divergence Nd:YAG laser was used. At a crystal temperature of 40.3°C, a peak second harmonic power of 7.5 MW was obtained with a peak power conversion efficiency of 33%. The temperature variation of the refractive indices in CDA has been determined to be d(n^e_2ω?n⁰_ω)/dT = 7.2 × 10^?5°C^?1.     

Electronic transport through a ring-shaped array of quantum dots

Making use of the equation of motion method and Keldysh Green function technique, we have developed a calculation method for the ring-shaped array of quantum dots with arbitrary dots. A general formula for the current under dc bias is obtained; the transmission probability and the differential conductance are numerically studied.     

Entangled-photons generation with quantum dots

Entanglement between particles is a crucial resource in quantum information processing, an important example of which is the exploitation of entangled photons in quantum communication protocols. Among the different available sources of entangled photons, semiconductor quantum dots(QDs) excel owing to their deterministic emission properties, potential for electrical injections, and direct compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Despite the great promises,QD-based sources are far from being ideal. In particular, such sources present several critical issues, which require the overcoming of challenges pertaining to spectral tunability, entanglement fidelity, photon indistinguishability and brightness.In this article, we will discuss the potential solutions to these problems and review the recent progress in the field.     

A generalized Ginzburg-Landau approach to second harmonic generation

We develop a generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory for second harmonic generation (SHG) in magnets by expanding the free energy in terms of the order parameter in the magnetic phase and the susceptibility tensor in the corresponding high-temperature phase. The non-zero components of the SHG susceptibility in the ordered phase are derived from the symmetries of the susceptibility tensor in the high-temperature phase and the symmetry of the order parameter. In this derivation, the dependence of the SHG susceptibility on the order parameter follows naturally, and therefore its nonreciprocal optical properties. We examine this phenomenology for the magnetoelectric compound Cr₂O₃ as well as for the ferroelectromagnet YMnO₃. Received 27 August 1999     

Enhanced second harmonic generation in a two-dimensional optical micro-cavity

We introduce a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensation model consisting of massive photon and photon-pair.Based on the new nonlinear model, the traditional process of second harmonics generation is reinvestigated. In order to describe the process, a new quantum phase, the harmonic phase, is introduced. The order parameter of the new physical phase is also given in this paper.     

Tuning third harmonic generation of impurity doped quantum dots in the presence of Gaussian white noise

We perform a broad exploration of profiles of third harmonic generation (THG) susceptibility of impurity doped quantum dots (QDs) in the presence and absence of noise. We have invoked Gaussian white noise in the present study. A Gaussian impurity has been introduced into the QD. Noise has been applied to the system additively and multiplicatively. A perpendicular magnetic field emerges out as a confinement source and a static external electric field has been applied. The THG profiles have been pursued as a function of incident photon energy when several important parameters such as electric field strength, magnetic field strength, confinement energy, dopant location, Al concentration, dopant potential, relaxation time and noise strength assume different values. Moreover, the role of the pathway through which noise is applied (additive/multiplicative) on the THG profiles has also been deciphered. The THG profiles are found to be decorated with interesting observations such as shift of THG peak position and maximization/minimization of THG peak intensity. Presence of noise alters the characteristics of THG profiles and sometimes enhances the THG peak intensity. Furthermore, the mode of application of noise (additive/multiplicative) also regulates the THG profiles in a few occasions in contrasting manners. The observations highlight the possible scope of tuning the THG coefficient of doped QD systems in the presence of noise and bears tremendous technological importance.