中药中微量元素的存在状态与生物活性关系的研究

本题实质上是中药有效化学成分(ECC)的研究．得出了下列一些研究结果，1．提出了中药TE和中药ECC的研究思路即以中药中TE的存在状态为核心，以中药中TE和有机成分(OC)的相互作用为基础来开展中药TE和中药ECC的研究工作．2．根据中医药理论，运用系统论的原则和方法论以及贝塔朗菲定律．以大量实验结果为基础．提出了“中药有效化学成分的配位化学学说”。其核心是:(1)中药中的有效化学成分可以是OC，也可能是TE;(2)中药中的ECC更有可能是二者的配合反应所形成的配合物．3.在中药中OC和TE的相互配合反应中．即改变了TE的存在在状态后．发现了生物活性和药理作用变化的规律性:(1)有的配合物具有原来二种成分的生物活性;(2)有的配合物则可提高某一成分的生物活性或降低其毒副作用;(3)有的配合物测产生二者所不具备的新的生物活性;(4)TE的生物利用度均有所提高．4．从实验中发现了一些有较好生物活性和药理作用的配合物．为新型配合物中药新药的研制提出了一个新思路．新方向．新方法．5．采用了配位化学的理论和研究方法，把pH电位法和计算机平衡模拟技术相结合，为中药ECC和中药TE的研究工作提供了新的方法．     

A Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Available Trace Metals in Sea Water

Abstract

Two methods for the determination of available trace metals CCd, Pb, and Cu) in sea water are compared. One method employs anodic stripping voltammetry at controlled pH (8.1, 5.3, and 2); the other method involves sample pretreatment with Chelex-100 resin before ASV analysis. Differences in the results are discussed in terms of the definition of available metal and differences in the analytical methods.     

ICP-MS法测定彭泽贝母中微量元素的含量及形态分析

目的:测定彭泽贝母中微量元素含量,研究彭泽贝母中微量元素的存在形态,探讨微量元素的含量和形态.方法:采用HNO3-H2O2微波消解体系,电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定彭泽贝母中铅、钙、铁、锰、锌、镉、钡、铬等10种微量元素的含量,初步探究微量元素的存在形态.结果:Ca元素在彭泽贝母中含量最高,而Mo元素含量最低;彭泽贝母中微量元素是以无机态为主、多种形态共存的复杂体系.结论:彭泽贝母中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,可能促进其有效成分作用的发挥.     

铬形态分析的分离富集/原子光谱分析研究进展

综述了铬形态分析的分离富集／原子光谱分析研究进展,详细讨论了铬的存在形态、铬形态分析中的样品前处理方法、分离富集／原子光谱检测技术及应用。     

Chelating 2,2′-Diaminodiethylamine Cellulose Filters and X-ray Fluorescence for Preconcentration and Trace Analysis of Natural Waters

Abstract

The 2,2′-diaminodiethylamine (DEN) functional group can be expected to have ideal properties for the chelation of transition metals and their collection from aqueous solutions, independent of the alkali and alkaline earth ions concentration. Introducing DEN into cellulose filters allows straightforward preconcentration of trace cations by a simple filtration step, and the DEN-filter constitutes a suitable target for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The linearity between the XRF-response on the loaded DEN-filter and the trace cation concentration in the solution appears excellent, up to a total filter capacity of ca. 3 μeq.cm^?2. The detection limits are around 0.5 μg. l^?1 in most practical cases. Accuracy and precision are around 10%. The applicability of the proposed procedure is illustrated on a comparative basis by XRF-analysis of drinking water and surface water, after preconcentration by DEN-filtration and by alternative procedures.     

黄芪中痕量元素的形态分析

对不同产地中药黄芪中铁、锰、铜及锌4种痕量元素存在的形态及其含量进行研究。文中叙述了分离各种形态的方法及其试液,包括样品中测定痕量元素总量的试液,水煎液的可溶态和悬浮态的试液,可溶态试液中有机形态、无机形态、稳定形态和不稳定形态的试液,以及水煎药渣中4种元素测定溶液等8种试液的制备方法。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了各试液中4种痕量元素的含量。以可溶无机形态的试液为基体,用标准加入法作回收试验,测得4种元素的回收率在97.6%～102.0%之间。     

产地对爪哇白豆蔻无机元素含量的影响

研究表明：不同产地引种的爪哇白豆蔻在无机元素含量方面与进口的相比，发生了明显的变化，为建立引种爪哇白豆蔻的质量标准提供了依据。     

Trace Metal Preconcentration Using A Thioglycolate Chelating Resin

Abstract

A styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer resin (Amberlite XAD-4), modified with thioglycolate complexing groups, has been employed for the preconcentration of cadmium, zinc, lead and nickel fron natural waters. the resin exhibits its strongest affinity for cadmium and lead but can be used to quantitatively remove all four metals from non-saline waters. With seawater samples, the resin is best only employed for the enrichment of cadmium and lead as the recovery of nickel and zinc from this medium is poor.     

黄芪中微量元素的形态分析

按照传统煎煮法对中药黄芪中铜、锌、铁、镁、钙和铬6种元素进行提取;用微孔滤膜分离提取液中的可溶态与悬浮态;利用大孔吸附树脂柱对可溶态中的有机态与无机态进行分离;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对各种形态中的6种元素进行测定。结果显示:黄芪中6种元素的总提取率在44.0%~74.4%,浸留比在79·4%~293.8%,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右,可溶态中铬的有机态与无机态的比例为114.6%,铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的有机态与无机态的比例在3.7%~43.5%。该法对各元素的加标回收率在96.8%~103.1%;相对标准偏差小于1.5%。     

禹粮石微量元素分析

研究了浸泡时间和浸泡温度对禹粮石微量元素浸出量的影响,最佳出度为１００℃,最佳浸同时间为１ｈ。     

Preconcentration of Trace Elements in Sea Water with 8-Hydroxyquinoline Immobilized Polyacrylonitrile Hollow Fiber Membrane for Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

8-Hydroxyquinoline immobilized on polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane was synthesized and used for the preconcentration of cadmium, lead, copper, mangenese, bismuth, indium, cobalt, beryllium and silver in sea water prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The optimum experimental conditions such as pH, sample flow rate and volume of eluents were investigated. The concentration factor of at least 300 for analytes of interest in sea water and separation of matrix components can be achieved. The recommended method has been applied for the determination of trace elements in coastal sea water. The results indicated that the recovery ranged from 91% to 107%, and the relative standard deviations were found to be less than 5% for trace elements at ng/L level.     

胡芦巴炮制前后水煎剂中微量元素分析

对胡芦巴及其炮制品水煎剂中微量元素进行了测定，其中盐胡芦巴煎剂中微量元素(除Fe外)均呈上升趋势，炒胡芦巴中微量元素呈不同的高低变化，无规律可循。     

全蝎中4种微量元素的形态分析

对中药全蝎中铜、锌、铁和镁4种微量元素存在的形态及含量进行了研究。文中叙述了全蝎样品中元素的各种形态(可溶态、悬浮态、无机态、有机态)的提取方法和分离,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了各试液中4种微量元素的含量。结果显示,全蝎中4种元素的总提取率在39.9%~63.2%之间,浸留比在73.6%~126.0%之间,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右,铜、锌、铁、镁的有机态与无机态的比例在250.0%~550.0%之间。     

有毒微量元素的毒性

综述了常见有毒微量元素对人体的毒性，着重论述了有毒微量元素其存在形式与毒性大小的关系。     

分离富集技术在形态分析中应用进展

对十年来分离富集技术在形态分析中应用进展进行了评述,引用1991～2001年文献67篇。     

Trace Metal Speciation and Research in Marine Geochemistry

Abstract

In order to precise the origin and behaviour of trace metals associated with coastal marine sediments, marine geochemists frequently utilize various methods of sequential extraction. The main objective is to test the potential mobility / stability of particulate metals in the natural environments. Several examples are presented in the article, namely: i/ Exchangeable Pb from podzolic soils of the drainage basin of a lagoon which sediments and phreatic waters are for a large part inherited from the surrounding soils; ii/ Evolution of particulate metals in an estuary; iii/ Mobility of metals at the sea bottom interface; iv/ Role of amorphous components of estuarine sediments and suspended matter; v/ Effects of dredging activities on solubility of metals in an estuary; vi/ Behaviour of heavy metals in lagoons.

Main results obtained from the extraction procedures are described, as well as particular difficulties encountered when applying some classical methods.     

中草药龙胆中微量元素的形态分析

采用传统煎煮法对丽水当地中草药龙胆中钙、锌、铁、铜、锰、铅、镉和铬等8种元素进行提取,并用微孔滤膜分离提取液中可溶态与悬浮态;利用大孔吸附树脂分离可溶态中有机态与无机态;采用正辛醇/水分配体系模拟水煎液中这8种微量元素在人体胃肠中分配情况,再用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了各种形态中的8种元素。研究结果显示:龙胆中8种元素的提取率在34.25%～74.53%,浸留比在49.58%～371.1%,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在6.5%～29.8%,该法对各元素的加标回收率在91.3%～108.5%;相对标准偏差小于3.5%;锌、铁、铜、锰在正辛醇/水分配体系中溶出性受酸碱性影响大些。     

微量元素的临床应用

从微量元素在动物机体内的作用及微量元素制剂探讨两方面来阐述微量元素的临床应用,为进一步探索微量元素新制剂。开发微量元素新用途提供了基础．