Analysis of ultrafast nonlinear phenomena��s influences on output optical pulses and four-wave mixing characteristics in semiconductor optical amplifiers

We have analysed the output pulse characteristics of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). It is shown that they can be modified due to the variation of input parameters, such as, gain, input pulsewidth, input pulse energy and effects imposed by the medium. Therefore, the influence of these parameters are analysed on the output pulse shape, spectrum, chirp and pulsewidth. We have used the nonlinear propagation equation taking into account the gain spectrum dynamics, gain saturation which depends on carrier depletion, carrier heating, spectral hole-burning, group velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation and two photon absorption. We have used the finite-difference beam propagation method to simulate the wave evolution both in time and spectral domain in the SOA. We have also simulated the four-wave mixing characteristics between pulses for various input pulses. An accurate output pulse shape can be achieved by controlling the mentioned parameters. To the authors knowledge, pulse shaping in co-propagation regime due to medium effect and input pulse shapes in presence of all nonlinear effects relevant to picosecond regime have been studied comprehensively, for the first time in this work.     

脉冲堆积方式产生整形脉冲的逆问题

在利用光纤脉冲堆积器进行脉冲时间整形时,存在如何确定光纤脉冲堆积器各路的延时、衰减等参数以产生所需脉冲波形的问题.为此分非相干脉冲堆积和部分相干脉冲堆积两种情况,定量分析了堆积脉冲的特性.在此基础上,提出了一种逆算方法,使得在任意给定时间波形情况下,均可以通过该逆算方法,简单而准确地计算出光纤脉冲堆积器参数.研究结果表明,非相干堆积而成的脉冲波形较为平滑,而部分相干堆积而成的脉冲波形则存在一定的调制;按逆算结果堆积而成的脉冲波形与给定波形符合很好.     

啁啾匹配和同步抖动对光参量啁啾脉冲放大的影响

 通过研究光参量啁啾脉冲放大过程转换效率随泵浦光啁啾参数的变化,以及信号光和泵浦光波长的对应关系,确立了信号光和泵浦光同步时实现线性啁啾匹配的方法。以磷酸二氢钾作为非线性晶体,研究了信号光和泵浦光之间的线性啁啾匹配和时间同步抖动对光参量啁啾脉冲放大后信号光脉冲波形和转换效率的影响。结果表明：在时间同步的情况下,线性啁啾匹配时的信号光脉冲波形很对称,转换效率也较高;在同步抖动程度一定的情况下,不同泵浦光啁啾参数时,信号光的增益及放大后的脉冲波形差异较大;在线性啁啾匹配程度一定时,信号光和泵浦光时间同步抖动越严重,放大信号光的脉冲波形变化越大,信号光增益越小,且转换效率也越低。     

Interaction of an ultrashort optical pulse with the impurity subsystem of a hydrogen-containing ferroelectric

The dynamics of an ultrashort optical pulse in impurity-containing ferroelectrics with hydrogen bonds has been considered in terms of microscopic pseudospin formalism, which uses the approximation of unidirectional propagation without limitations on the pulse power. The effective equations for the electric field amplitude and ferroelectric polarization have been obtained and numerically solved. Quasi-soliton propagation modes of ultrashort optical pulses are revealed, and their dependences on the microscopic Hamiltonian parameters are analyzed.     

弥散补偿飞秒激光量子理论研究

本文根据我们新建的激光器模型,导出了非线性成形飞秒光脉冲的量子理论锁模方程。在薛定谔表象中,用含时哈特利近似方法求得了脉冲电场及光子数分布的形式解。最后讨论了量子锁模方程过渡到经典情形下稳态时的脉冲能量、脉宽及啁啾参量与飞秒激光器运转参量间的关系,得到了理论与实验一致的结果。     

单次相关仪中非线性晶体KD*P的相位匹配条件分析

本文对应用于单次相关仪中的非线性晶体KD^*P的相位匹配条件进行了理论分析,得到了晶体的最佳相位匹配设计参数。利用此参数加工的非线性晶体已成功地用于测量超短光脉冲实验中,测得CPM Nd:YAG激光器输出的1.06μm光脉冲宽度为14ps.与条纹相机测量的结果二者符合较好。     

The inverse problem of a laser amplifier

Starting from the recurrence relations of a multipass amplifier, an iterative computing method has been presented to solve the inverse problem of a laser amplifier, i.e., to find the initial fluence and pulse shape for a given output pulse and amplifier parameters. Numerical calculations have been performed to illustrate the results.     

Dispersion-Managed Optical Solitons with Higher-Order Nonlinearity

In this paper we have investigated the propagation characteristics of optical solitons in dispersion managed optical communication systems taking into account of the effect of quintic nonlinearity. Using variational formalism, several ordinary differential equations have been established for pulse parameters. These equations have been solved numerically to investigate the propagation characteristics. It has been noticed that stable periodic pulse propagation is possible over long distance. Numerical simulation has been undertaken to show that parabolic nonlinearity reduces collision distance between neighbouring pulses of the same channel.     

产生短波长高次谐波条件的优化计算

 从电离的几率方程出发,得到了适用于任意激光脉冲宽度下原子的饱和激光强度和最高次光谐波光子能量与各激光参数的关系表达式,并由此给出了产生高次谐波的优化条件。解决了当超短脉冲激光的脉冲宽度小于皮秒时,产生高次谐波（HHG）的隧道电离理论中的Ammosov－Delone－Krainov方法对产生高次谐波的饱和激光强度以及最高次谐波光子能量的估算不可靠的问题。     

Influences of diffusive reflection intensity and pulse shaping of ultrashort lasers on turbid media

The influences of the absorption μ_a, the scattering μ_s, and the anisotropy coefficient g on the optical properties of ultrashort pulse in turbid media has been simulated based on the diffusive approximation theory. The laser pulse intensity will be attenuated and the diffusive scattering pulse shape will be widened in the turbid media. Various medium parameters have different influences on the reflection of the laser pulse. The intensity loss of the diffusive reflection light is obtained when μ_a and μ_s are increased in turbid media. The pulse width of the diffusive reflection pulse is rapidly increased far away from the incident point and at the same time the pulse times that are delayed have been numerical simulated in the boundary conditions of semi-infinite homogenous media.     

利用群速度匹配的级联二阶非线性实现超短激光脉冲压缩

提出了一种采用倾斜脉冲的级联二阶非线性来实现超短激光脉冲压缩的方法. 对基于单块BBO晶体中基频光与倍频光群速度匹配的级联二阶非线性的脉冲压缩方案进行了理论分析. 对比研究了群速度匹配与失配情况下利用级联二阶非线性进行脉冲压缩的效果, 并模拟分析了基频光与倍频光的位相失配量、非线性晶体长度、 基频光初始峰值光强和初始脉宽等因素对脉冲压缩效果的影响. 结果表明, 基频光与倍频光的群速度匹配将会大幅度改善压缩脉冲的时间波形和频谱分布. 通过对位相失配量、晶体长度、初始光强等参数的优化和选取可获得较理想的压缩效果. 采用倾斜脉冲的级联二阶非线性的脉宽压缩方法, 针对中心波长800 nm、脉宽100 fs, 峰值光强为50 GW/cm²的基频光脉冲, 采用25 mm厚BBO晶体, 当基频光与倍频光位相失配量Δk=60 mm^-1(对应失谐角1.98°), 晶体外部脉冲前沿倾斜角γ₀=74°时, 计算获得了质量较好的20 fs剩余基频光, 并同时产生了14 fs的倍频光. 关键词： 倾斜波 级联二阶非线性 群速度失配 脉冲压缩     

Higher-order effects on self-similar parabolic pulse in the microstructured fibre amplifier

By considering higher-order effects, the properties of self-similar parabolic pulses propagating in the microstructured fibre amplifier with a normal group-velocity dispersion have been investigated. The numerical results indicate that the higher-order effects can badly distort self-similar parabolic pulse shape and optical spectrum, and at the same time the peak shift and oscillation appear, while the pulse still reveals highly linear chirp but grows into asymmetry. The influence of different higher-order effects on self-similar parabolic pulse propagation has been analysed. It shows that the self-steepening plays a more important role. We can manipulate the geometrical parameters of the microstructured fibre amplifier to gain a suitable dispersion and nonlinearity coefficient which will keep high-quality self-similar parabolic pulse propagation. These results are significant for the further study of self-similar parabolic pulse propagation.     

Resonant propagation of femtosecond laser pulse in DBASVP molecule：one-dimensional asymmetric organic molecule

We have investigated the resonant propagation of femtosecond laser pulse in 4-trans-[p-（N, N-Di-n-butylamino）- p-stilbenyl vinyl] pyridine medium with permanent dipole moments. The electronic structures and parameters for the compound have been calculated by using density functional theory. In the optical regime, there is one charge-transfer state, and the molecule can thus be simplified as a two-level system. Both the one- and two-photon transitions occur between the ground and charge-transfer states. The numerical results show that the permanent dipole moments have an obvious effect on the propagation of the ultrashort pulse laser. The ideal self-induced transparency disappears for 2π pulse, and second harmonic spectral components occur significantly due to the two-photon absorption process. For the 6π pulse, continuum frequency generation is produced and a shorter duration pulse in time domain with 465 as is obtained.     

Optimization of hybrid laser – TIG welding of 316LN steel using response surface methodology (RSM)

In the present study, the hybrid laser – TIG welding parameters for welding of 316LN austenitic stainless steel have been investigated by combining a pulsed laser beam with a TIG welding heat source at the weld pool. Laser power, pulse frequency, pulse duration, TIG current were presumed as the welding process parameters whereas weld bead width, weld cross-sectional area and depth of penetration (DOP) were considered as the process responses. Central composite design was used to complete the design matrix and welding experiments were conducted based on the design matrix. Weld bead measurements were then carried out to generate the dataset. Multiple regression models correlating the process parameters with the responses have been developed. The accuracy of the models were found to be good. Then, the desirability approach optimization technique was employed for determining the optimum process parameters to obtain the desired weld bead profile. Validation experiments were then carried out from the determined optimum process parameters. There was good agreement between the predicted and measured values.     

自由电子激光放大啁啾脉冲的数值模拟

 利用1维非定态程序对单程自由电子激光(FEL)放大器放大线性啁啾脉冲的过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同啁啾参数的脉冲通过FEL放大器的增益曲线,计算了不同啁啾参数的脉冲被单程FEL放大器放大后的腔外压缩情况。通过对数值模拟结果的定性分析得出：影响输出脉冲宽度和峰值功率的主要因素是FEL放大器的增益线宽和啁啾参数,并以此说明,通过先使用FEL放大器放大啁啾脉冲、然后再将其在腔外压缩的方法产生超短脉冲FEL是可行的。     

Generation of electron nanobunches and short-wavelength radiation upon reflection of a relativistic-intensity laser pulse from a finite-size target

We have proposed an efficient scheme of generation of short dense electron bunches during the interaction at large angles of incidence of a laser pulse with a thin transversally semibounded laser target. Streams of bunches can be used to simultaneously and independently generate pulsed X-ray radiation as fast electrons hit secondary targets. Dependences of bunch parameters (the number of particles in the bunch and the bunch energy and thickness) on the angle of incidence and laser intensity have been obtained. It has been shown that, upon reflection from the target, the relativistic-intensity laser wave is efficiently converted (the energy-conversion factor reaches ～20%) into a sequence of electromagnetic tens-of-nanometer-long atto pulses, which follow one after another in the period of the initial laser wave. We have investigated how the parameters of the atto pulse depend on the angle of incidence and the laser intensity. We have shown that atto pulses are generated most efficiently at large angles of incidence (≥50°) of the laser pulse on the target.     

一种独立于激发光脉冲参量的磷光寿命测量方法

脉冲法磷光寿命测量中，激发光脉冲参量（脉冲宽度和形状）、用于磷光强度衰减分析的起始时刻的选取是影响寿命计算准确度的关键因素。以线性时不变系统理论为依据，探讨了磷光强度衰减特性与激发光脉冲参量之间的关系，发现对于有限宽度的激发光，激发光脉冲消失之后的磷光强度衰减特性独立于激发光脉冲参量；选取激发光脉冲消失时刻作为磷光强度衰减分析的起始时刻，可获得准确的寿命计算。利用磷光探针氧卟啉（Oxy-PhorR2）标准试样做了针对性实验，实验结果验证了理论的正确性。     

Pulse shaping and diffraction properties of multi-layers reflection volume holographic gratings

The multi-layers coupled-wave theory is extended to systematically investigate the pulse shaping and diffraction properties of a system of multi-layers reflection volume holographic gratings (MRVHG) under ultrashort laser pulse (ULP) readout. The combined effects that the grating parameters such as the number and thickness of layers and gaps between them and the pulse duration of the input ULP have on the pulse shaping properties are considered. The pulse profiles of the diffracted and transmitted beams, the diffraction bandwidth, and the total diffraction efficiency are presented. The calculated results we have derived permit an optimal choice of grating parameters for the pulse shaping and process applications.     

Dispersion-Managed Optical Solitons with Higher-Order Nonlinearity

In this paper we have investigated the propagation characteristics of optical solitons in dispersion managed optical communication systems taking into account of the effect of quintic nonlinearity. Using variational formalism, several ordinary differential equations have been established for pulse parameters. These equations have been solved numerically to investigate the propagation characteristics. It has been noticed that stable periodic pulse propagation is possible over long distance. Numerical simulation has been undertaken to show that parabolic nonlinearity reduces collision distance between neighbouring pulses of the same channel.     

光纤中超短光脉冲特性的计算机模拟

本文从理论上分析了具有自相位调制的光脉冲在色散介质中的传播特性,从而解释了超短光脉冲的压缩机理;并用严谨的数学步骤,将各种文献中形式各异的非线性薛定谔方程归结为统一的形式,避免了因符号定义不同而易于引起的混淆。针对该方程的特点.找到了合适的数值求解法,利用微机获得了在不同色散的介质中,光脉冲振幅、频谱、相位、啁啾等沿光纤方向变化的定量关系曲线。结果表明:在正色散介质中,脉宽及带宽均展宽,而在负色散介质中,脉冲沿传播方向越来越窄,表现为孤子效应。最后结合光栅对,给出了用光纤、光栅对获得1.06μm超短光脉冲时系统各部分的最佳参量。