CFRP-混凝土-钢管组合结构在低速侧向撞击下的动力响应

采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）-混凝土-钢管组合结构在低速侧向撞击作用下的有限元模型。模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,能够较好地模拟CFRP-混凝土-钢管在侧向撞击下的力学特性。利用该模型,对试件在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应全过程进行分析,采用正交分析法研究了冲击高度、空心率等7种因素对试件冲击力峰值、冲击力平台值和跨中残余挠度的影响。结果表明:冲击高度（冲击能量）是影响冲击力峰值的主要因素;空心率是影响冲击力平台值的主要因素,并且当空心率在0.3~0.7之间时,试件的抗撞击性能随着空心率的提高而逐渐增强;冲击后结构的跨中残余挠度由冲击高度、空心率、CFRP层数、CFRP方向等因素共同影响。     

低速冲击下混凝土少筋梁断裂性能

动态加载下,混凝土中钢筋的阻裂性能一直是冲击动力学研究领域的难点之一。利用落锤试验机对含缺口的混凝土少筋梁进行三点弯曲试验,分析了不同加载速率下梁的冲击力、跨中挠度、混凝土起裂应变率和钢筋应变。实验结果表明:在一定加载速率范围内（0.885～1.252 m/s）,混凝土预制裂缝尖端的裂纹起裂应变率、冲击力最大值、跨中挠度峰值与加载速率呈线性增长关系,当加载速率增至1.771 m/s时,增长趋势减弱;冲击力卸载时,钢筋部分弹性变形恢复导致裂纹产生闭合,裂纹嘴张开位移逐渐减小至恒定值,对裂纹嘴张开位移峰值前的部分曲线进行拟合后得到裂纹嘴张开位移率,结果表明裂纹嘴张开位移率随加载速率的提高而线性增大。     

高速颗粒流冲击下负泊松比力学超材料夹芯梁的动态响应及缓冲吸能机理

建立了颗粒流子弹发射有限元模型,利用离散元和有限元的联合模拟方法,研究了高速颗粒流冲击负泊松比内凹蜂窝夹芯梁的动态响应及缓冲吸能机理。分析了加载冲量、冲击角、芯材强度以及颗粒流子弹与面板间的摩擦力等因素对夹芯梁动态响应的影响。研究结果表明:夹芯梁在正向颗粒流子弹冲击载荷作用下表现为局部凹陷和整体弯曲的耦合变形模式,面内设计芯材因胞壁弯曲呈现局部内凹的变形模式,面外设计芯材因胞壁屈曲呈现局部褶皱的变形模式。在等面密度的条件下,采用面外设计的硬芯夹芯梁面板的跨中最大挠度比采用面内设计的软芯夹芯梁小,但初始冲击力峰值和冲击力整体水平较高,冲击力响应时间较短。夹芯梁前后面板的跨中最大挠度与冲击载荷近似呈对数线性递增关系。与正向冲击相比,斜冲击下夹芯梁的变形模式具有非对称性,局部凹陷程度减小;在颗粒流子弹不同冲击角度作用下,夹芯梁前后面板的跨中最大挠度、初始冲击力峰值以及传递到夹芯梁的动能和动量占比随冲击角度的增大而减小,而颗粒流子弹与夹芯梁面板间的摩擦因数对夹芯梁的动态响应无显著影响。     

不同固定方式下高压功率模块的抗冲击性能分析

为了提升高压功率模块在高速冲击环境中的结构可靠性,研究了高压功率模块采用不同固定方式的抗冲击特性。基于一维应力波条件,针对模块在自由式霍普金森杆系统中的运动响应以及能量转换形式进行理论分析,完成了模块的变形能与动能结果对比。采用有限元方法模拟了20 m/s冲击速度下模块的运动和变形过程,提取关键结构的应力分布、挠度、位移响应速度和加速度响应曲线,其中应力响应最高位置在陶瓷基板层,达到427 MPa,挠度响应最高位置在金属底板层,达到了773.8 μm,模块整体位移速度最高达到17.68 m/s,加速度最高达到51 110.7g。对比4种固定方式的冲击响应结果,模块冲击后底板变形量由小到大分别为面贴装固定、四角点固定、短边两点固定和长边两点固定,面贴装模块的位移动能和加速度峰值最大。结果表明采用面贴装固定的模块在冲击加速度载荷下发生变形失效的可能性最小,面贴装在四种固定方式中是可靠性最高的安装方式,之后的选择优先度分别是四角点固定、短边两点固定和长边两点固定。研究成果为半导体高压功率模块在实际应用中的安装固定方式选择提供了重要理论依据。     

不同宽厚比H形截面钢梁抗冲击性能

基于经实验校核的非线性有限元模型,对受横向冲击作用的H形钢梁进行了有限元分析。设计不同宽厚比组配的H形钢梁,分析H形钢梁跨中受横向冲击的动态响应和应力发展过程,并研究宽厚比对H形钢梁抗冲击性能的影响,重点讨论了腹板厚度、翼缘厚度对冲击力平台值和峰值以及耗能的影响。分析结果表明,两端铰接H形钢梁在跨中受冲击载荷作用下的变形模式主要为弯曲变形。相同冲击能量下,冲击力平台值主要受翼缘厚度的影响,冲击力峰值主要受腹板厚度的影响。翼缘厚度对钢梁抗冲击性能的影响要大于腹板厚度。本研究可为不同宽厚比H形钢梁的抗冲击设计提供依据和参考。     

燃气爆炸作用下蒸压加气混凝土砌体墙的加固性能

为研究燃气爆炸作用下蒸压加气混凝土砌体墙的加固性能,基于有限元软件LS-DYNA,建立了砌体墙简化数值模型,分析了GB 50779-2012 石油化工控制室抗爆设计规范中建议的荷载作用下砌体墙高度和厚度的影响,对比了玄武岩纤维(basalt fiber reinforced plastic, BFRP)布与喷涂式聚脲对蒸压加气混凝土单向砌体墙的加固效果,并以防止砌体墙倒塌为设计目标,给出了加固建议。研究表明,本文中建立的简化数值模型能较好地模拟燃气爆炸作用下蒸压加气混凝土砌体墙的变形和破坏模式,计算结果与试验吻合良好;《规范》建议荷载作用下,未加固砌体墙以弯曲破坏为主,随着墙体高度增加,破坏模式由弯曲破坏向剪切破坏转变;BFRP布条加固可以有效提高墙体抗弯刚度和压拱效应,而聚脲涂层加固对抗弯刚度提高有限但墙体拉拱效应明显,二者均能显著提高墙体抗爆性能;加固墙体均发生弯曲破坏,BFRP布条材料的断裂一般发生在墙体位移最大处,而聚脲涂层材料的断裂发生在跨端边界处。     

爆炸载荷下中空夹层玻璃的动力响应影响因素

利用LS-DYNA有限元软件,基于多物质ALE算法,模拟中空夹层玻璃在爆炸载荷下的动力学响应,通过变化PVB夹层属性和中空气体层厚度分析了其改变对玻璃板板心最大挠度的影响。结果表明:(1)随气体层厚度的增加,中空钢化夹层玻璃上层玻璃板挠度减小而下层玻璃板挠度增加; (2)一定气体层厚度下,随夹层杨氏模量的增加,上、下玻璃板的挠度减小。     

钢骨混凝土构件抗冲击性能试验研究

利用超重型落锤试验机对钢骨混凝土构件进行了侧向冲击试验,研究了落锤冲击钢骨混凝土构件的冲击全过程和最终的破坏形态;分析了钢骨混凝土构件冲击力、位移和轴力时程曲线的特性;对比了不同冲击速度、冲击能量、轴压和边界条件等因素对钢骨混凝土构件的动力响应的影响。结果表明:钢骨混凝土构件在落锤冲击作用下外侧混凝土破坏严重,且冲击能量越大,外侧混凝土越易出现剪切破坏,但内部钢筋和钢骨只发生了一定的弯曲变形,表明钢骨混凝土构件抗冲击性能整体良好。本次试验参数范围内,钢骨混凝土构件的冲击力和跨中位移随冲击速度增加而增大;轴压力增大使钢骨混凝土构件的冲力峰值增大,冲击持时和跨中位移减小;相对于固简支和两端简支的边界条件,两端固支的边界对于钢骨混凝土构件的抗冲击性能提升最好。     

柔性基层合柱瞬态响应的有限元分析

良好的尺寸设计可优化结构的力学性能,为了研究几何参数对柔性基底结构抗冲击性能的影响,本文运用ABAQUS软件,计算了柔性基底层合柱受冲击载荷时的瞬态响应,对比分析了不同基底厚度、截面尺寸的柔性基底层合柱的动态力学性能。给出了层合柱上端面中心点的位移、速度、加速度等响应,以及接触面中心点处的应力、应变响应,发现冲击过程中柔性基层合柱出现了大变形。结果表明:柔性基底对中间层的缓冲保护起到了较大的作用,减少了冲击力对中间层的破坏;柔性基层合柱瞬态响应随基底厚度的增加而减小。均布载荷冲击下,截面尺寸为10mm或7.5mm的层合柱瞬态响应平缓且出现一定幅度的波动;截面尺寸为4mm、5mm、5.2mm层合柱出现失稳现象,发生失稳的时刻分别为7.8ms、11.4ms、13.6ms。     

横向爆炸载荷下薄壁圆管的动态响应

采用实验研究、理论分析和有限元模拟相结合的方法,研究了横向爆炸载荷作用下薄壁圆管的动态响应。利用弹道冲击摆锤系统,对圆管在爆炸载荷下的动力响应进行了实验研究,分析了薄壁圆管的变形模式;基于地基梁模型,建立了横向爆炸载荷作用下圆管跨中挠度的理论模型,并进行了无量纲化;通过有限元模拟,分析了圆管的几何参数对其变形模式和跨中挠度的影响,并与理论结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:随着TNT药量增加圆管的变形区域和跨中挠度增大;圆管的长径比、厚度及爆炸载荷参数对圆管的变形模式有较大影响;理论预测、有限元模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

An investigation into the effects of electrostatic and squeeze-film non-linearities on the shock spectrum of microstructures

We present an investigation into the effects of some of the common microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) non-linearities on their shock response and shock spectrum. As a case study, a capacitive accelerometer is selected to investigate theoretically and experimentally the effect of non-linearities due to squeeze film damping (SQFD) and electrostatic actuation. For the theoretical investigation, a non-linear single-degree-of-freedom model is used to simulate the response of the device. It is shown that, in the case of light damping, the electrostatic forces soften the microstructure and raise its deflection significantly. Dynamic pull-in instability is predicted near the dynamic range zone of the shock spectrum. On the other hand, SQFD is found to highly suppress the deflection of the microstructure in the dynamic range, while it is of less effect in the quasi-static range. Experimentally, the capacitive accelerometer is powered with a DC load and then subjected to acceleration pulses generated by a shaker. Tests are conducted while the accelerometer is operated in air, where the squeeze film effect is significant, and while placed inside a vacuum chamber. Simulation results are compared to experimental data showing excellent agreement.     

聚氨酯泡沫铝复合结构抗爆吸能试验及数值模拟分析

通过对聚氨酯泡沫铝和混凝土组成的复合结构进行接触爆炸试验,探讨了聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能性能,并进行数值模拟分析。结果显示:聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能性能明显优于泡沫铝,吸能层厚度对吸能效果影响很大,多层结构的聚氨酯泡沫铝吸能性能对比厚度一致的单层吸能层结构没有明显的改善;在保证了比较合理的吸能层厚度后,防护结构的每一层材料层存在着一个最佳的厚度组合来保证复合层优良的抗爆性能。     

Numerical study on the dynamics of a two-raft wave energy conversion device

This paper presents a dynamic analysis of a two-raft wave energy conversion device based on the three-dimensional wave radiation-diffraction method. The device consists of two hinged cylindrical rafts of elliptical cross section and a power take-off system at the joint. The effect of raft length, linear damping and spring coefficient in the power take off (PTO) system, axis ratio (ratio of minor axis to major axis of raft elliptical cross section) and raft radius of gyration on wave energy capture factor has been investigated in frequency domain, while the effects of a nonlinear Coulomb power take-off, raft radius of gyration and latching control have been studied in time domain. The difference in the performance of a raft-typed device obtained using a linear damping and a Coulomb damping is also illustrated.     

Damping computation of liquid sloshing in containers aboard spacecraft

Under the non-rotating assumption, a method for the calculation of damping of fuel sloshing with small amplitude in containers aboard spacecraft is proposed in the present paper. And we have presented an eigen-value equation for sloshing damping and frequency computation. This equation may be solved by Ritz or Galerkin methods for a container of simple geometry or by finite element method for a container of arbitrary geometric shape even with rigid baffles. The simulated results show that the equivalent damping coefficients is directly proportional to fuel‘s viscosity, whereas it almost exhibits no influence on sloshing frequencies. The drawback of the proposed method lies in expensive computation cost. Thus far, it hasn‘t yet be applied to a container with elastic baffles.     

冲击荷载作用下滤波混凝土的动态响应与层裂损伤数值研究

借鉴局域共振材料的工作机制,通过在混凝土基体中嵌入滤波单元,设计出具有应力波衰减特性的滤波混凝土。通过将滤波混凝土结构简化为质量弹簧力学系统来分析滤波混凝土对应力波的衰减机制。采用数值模拟方法,对比研究了冲击荷载作用下普通混凝土模型和滤波混凝土模型中应力波的传播特性和层裂破坏模式。通过参数分析,研究了滤波单元的材料和几何属性对其储能效果的影响。研究结果表明：滤波单元有效降低了混凝土基体中应力波的传播速度和应力峰值;滤波单元的储能机制有效降低了混凝土基体中的能量;金属球的质量越大,滤波单元的储能效果越好,但弹性层的弹性模量和厚度需要通过适当分析进行设计以实现滤波单元的储能最大化;滤波混凝土基体的局部损伤耗散了荷载中的大量能量,有效降低了结构自由面附近的破坏程度。     

Unsteady motion of a source in a fluid under a floating plate

This paper studies the three-dimensional unsteady problem of the hydroelastic behavior of a floating infinite plate under the impact of waves generated by horizontal straight motion of a point source of mass in a fluid of infinite depth. The solution is carried out using known integral and asymptotic methods. The formulas obtained are used to numerically analyze the effect of plate thickness, depth of submergence of the source, and its acceleration, deceleration, and velocity of uniform motion on the deflection of the floating plate.     

Effect of Moisture Movement on Tested Thermal Conductivity of Moist Aerated Autoclaved Concrete

The purpose of this work was to study both theoretically and experimentally the process of moisture redistribution and heat transfer due to phase changes during the tests of thermal conductivity in aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) moist specimens. The different moisture contents of the test samples were obtained in climatic chamber at equilibrium conditions reached with constant air temperature and variable relative humidity. The moist specimens were sealed inside highly impermeable polyethylene bag, as required by UNI 10051, and placed in a heat flow meter apparatus. During the experimental thermal conductivity measurements, the temperature and heat flow rate were measured under transient and steady state conditions. A theoretical analysis of the heat and mass transfer process was performed and then a suitable numerical model was used to predict the moisture redistribution and heat transfer due to the phase changes. The theoretical model has been compared against the experimental data. Substantial agreement between numerical results and experimental data was found. Then several numerical simulations have been performed to study the influence of the errors due to phase changes and non-uniform moisture distribution during the test of thermal conductivity of moist AAC specimens.     

Thermoelastic damping in micro-beam resonators

Thermoelastic damping is recognized as a significant loss mechanism at room temperature in micro-scale beam resonators. In this paper, the governing equations of coupled thermoelastic problems are established based on the generalized thermoelastic theory with one relaxation time. The thermoelastic damping of micro-beam resonators is analyzed by using both the finite sine Fourier transformation method combined with Laplace transformation and the normal mode analysis. The vibration responses of deflection and thermal moment are obtained for the micro-beams with simply supported and isothermal boundary conditions. The vibration frequency is analyzed for three boundary condition cases, i.e., the clamped and isothermal, the simply supported and isothermal, and the simply supported and adiabatic. The analytic results show that the amplitude of deflection and thermal moment are attenuated and the vibration frequency is increased with thermoelastic coupling effect being considered. In addition, it can be found from both the analytic results and the numerical calculations that these properties are size-dependent. When the thickness of the micro-beam is larger than its characteristic size, the effect of thermoelastic damping weakens as the beam thickness increases. The size-effect induced by thermoelastic coupling would disappear when the thickness of the micro-beam is over a critical value that depends on the material properties and the boundary conditions.     

攻角和入射角对弹体侵彻混凝土薄靶弹道特性影响规律研究

为了研究弹体斜侵彻有限厚混凝土靶板的作用特性,开展了尖卵形弹体斜侵彻间隔混凝土靶实验,获得了弹体侵彻过程中的姿态及弹道特性、靶板破坏参数,分析了攻角与入射角联合作用对弹体侵彻混凝土靶板“二次偏转现象”、靶后偏转角以及弹体侵彻间隔靶板弹道轨迹的影响规律。研究结果表明:入射角越大,“二次偏转现象”越明显,弹体靶后偏转角越大;初始攻角抑制“二次偏转现象”,攻角越大,抑制作用越显著;初始攻角与入射角方向相同时,初始攻角加剧靶后偏转角的增大;当攻角与入射角方向相反时,较小的攻角能够抑制弹体靶后偏转角的增大,而当初始攻角较大时,攻角成为影响弹体偏转的主要因素,攻角越大,弹体靶后偏转角越大。     

磁约束双层夹心悬臂梁的振动分析

采用在约束层端部上设置永磁体的新方法可使阻尼层获得比传统约束阻尼处理方法更高的剪应变，从而增强粘弹层的阻尼耗能，降低共振峰。本文应用Hamilton原理，推导了全覆盖双层约束阻尼悬臂梁的运动方程，对模型进行了实验验证；分析了不同物理和几何参数下该方法的减振效果。研究表明，磁约束能提高阻尼减振效果。随着阻尼层厚度的增加，无磁约束的共振峰降低较少，而有磁约束的共振峰急剧降低，减振效果明显。阻尼层剪切模量G的变化对磁约束减振效果的影响较大；当G小于一定值时，减振效果明显，但当G大于一定值时，减振效果急剧降低。在不同的约束层弹性模量和厚度下，磁约束仍起作用。此外，分析了具有较大控制力的主被动混合磁约束振动控制方法的可行性。