基于状态空间理论的功能梯度圆球瞬态热传导分析

基于状态空间理论研究功能梯度圆球的球对称瞬态热传导问题。根据热传导方程和热流密度的定义,取温度场和热流密度为系统的状态向量,通过将圆球分层和在时域内应用差分格式对控制方程进行离散,建立了系统的状态方程,给出了功能梯度圆球瞬态热传导问题的半解析解。算例分析表明:本文解不但结果正确、计算效率高,而且适用于材料参数沿径向任意梯度变化的圆球瞬态热传导分析。     

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION FOR FUNCTIONALLY GRADED SPHERES BASED ON STATE SPACE THEORY1)

基于状态空间理论研究功能梯度圆球的球对称瞬态热传导问题。根据热传导方程和热流密度的定义,取温度场和热流密度为系统的状态向量,通过将圆球分层和在时域内应用差分格式对控制方程进行离散,建立了系统的状态方程,给出了功能梯度圆球瞬态热传导问题的半解析解。算例分析表明：本文解不但结果正确、计算效率高,而且适用于材料参数沿径向任意梯度变化的圆球瞬态热传导分析。     

功能梯度材料剪切板屈曲后的自由振动

基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论和广义K偄rm偄n型方程,对热环境中功能梯度材料剪切板屈曲后的自由振动进行了分析,分析中同时考虑材料热物参数对温度变化的依赖性及热传导.数值算例给出均匀和非均匀温度场中功能梯度材料剪切板在轴向压缩荷载作用下的振动特性,并讨论了材料组分指数、温度场等参数变化所带来的影响.     

功能梯度板条的热弹性力学解

本文利用推广后的Mian 和Spencer 功能梯度板理论,研究了功能梯度板条在非均布温度场作用下的热弹性问题．采用该理论中的位移展开公式,在板厚度方向上考虑热传导引起的稳态温度场,材料常数沿板厚方向可以任意连续变化,从而得到了基于弹性理论的功能梯度板条在温度场作用下的解析解．通过数值算例分析,验证了本文理论的正确性并讨论了边界条件和梯度变化程度对功能梯度板条热弹性响应的影响．     

轴对称自由振动功能梯度材料微圆板中的热弹性阻尼

基于经典弹性薄板理论和单向耦合热传导理论,研究了材料性质沿厚度连续变化的功能梯度微圆板的热弹性阻尼特性．首先,考虑热力耦合效应,建立了功能梯度微圆板轴对称横向自由振动微分方程．然后,忽略温度梯度在面内的变化,建立了单向耦合变系数一维热传导方程．采用分层均匀化近似方法,将变系数热传导方程转化为一系列常系数的微分方程,利用上下表面的热边界条件和层间连续性条件获得了微圆板温度场解析解．将所得温度场代入微圆板的自由振动微分方程,得到了包含热弹性阻尼的复频率,从而获得了反映热弹性阻尼水平的逆品质因子．最后,针对材料性质沿板厚按幂函数变化的陶瓷-金属功能梯度微圆板,定量地分析材料梯度指数、几何尺寸、边界条件、温度环境等对微圆板热弹性阻尼的影响．     

热流密度/对流换热边界下双向梯度板的瞬态温度场分析

采用有限单元-有限差分法研究了热流密度/对流换热边界条件下双向梯度板的瞬态热传导问题。采用细观力学方法结合混合律准则描述了材料的热物理属性,通过推导一种8节点高阶双向梯度单元建立了结构的连续梯度有限元模型。计算给出了在考虑组份属性的温度效应下,温度场的时间响应历程以及不同时刻温度场的空间分布形式,并与材料属性温度无关时的计算结果进行了比较,最后讨论了相关参数对瞬态温度场的影响规律。结果表明：温度较低时,组份属性的温度效应对瞬态温度场影响很小;在 y 方向热流密度载荷的作用下,温度场沿 x、y 方向均存在明显的梯度;x 方向组份体积分布系数的增大,延长了温度场达到稳态需要的时间,绝对温度梯度沿 x、y 方向均增大,稳态温度场升高;增大 y 方向组份体积分布系数的值,情况相反。     

功能梯度半空间体的热弹性问题研究

本文研究半空间非均匀各向同性功能梯度弹性体的热弹性问题.根据功能梯度材料热弹性体的运动方程,热传导方程以及本构方程,利用状态空间法推导出功能梯度材料的热力耦合微分方程,进一步利用特征值分析法和拉普拉斯逆变换进行求解,得到功能梯度热弹性体在分别只受温度和应力荷载作用时,时域内位移,温度,应力三个物理量的解析解.通过图表,数值分析了半空间功能梯度材料弹性体在热-力荷载作用下各物理场的响应,数值曲线的变化趋势反映了热-力荷载之间的耦合效应.这可以很好的利用在材料设计领域,通过控制材料的梯度参数来控制物理场的极值,从而为未来该材料的工厂加工设计提供理论支持.     

石墨烯增强功能梯度材料板条的热弹性响应

研究了石墨烯增强功能梯度复合材料板条的热弹性问题。基于推广后的Mian和Spencer功能梯度板理论,在板厚度方向上考虑热传导引起的稳态温度场,沿板厚方向考虑了三种石墨烯纳米片的分布形式,最终给出了不同边界条件下石墨烯增强功能梯度板条在温度场作用下的解析解。通过算例分析验证了本文方法的有效性,并讨论了边界条件和石墨烯的分布形式等因素对板条热弹性响应的影响。计算结果表明:石墨烯增强功能梯度材料板条在温度场作用下的热响应与在机械力作用下的弹性响应有较大不同。     

轴向功能梯度Timoshenko变截面梁的屈曲分析

运用插值矩阵法研究了不同边界条件下轴向功能梯度材料变截面Timoshenko梁的屈曲性能问题。基于Timoshenko梁基本理论,将轴向功能梯度变截面Timoshenko梁临界荷载的计算转化为一组变系数常微分方程特征值问题,然后运用插值矩阵法可一次性地计算出轴向功能梯度变截面梁在不同边界条件下的屈曲临界荷载。当区间划分点数n为80时,在不同的边界条件下均质材料等截面Timoshenko梁量纲为一的临界荷载的本文计算值与解析解有7位有效数字相同,轴向功能梯度Timoshenko锥形梁量纲为一的临界荷载的本文计算值与已有文献计算结果有3~5位有效数字相同,数值计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性和较高的计算精度。同时,本文方法可获取相应的挠度模态函数,而且对于材料梯度函数和截面几何轮廓的具体形式无任何限制条件。     

光热激励下功能梯度梁在流体中的振动

通过建立流体中功能梯度梁的光热振动模型,研究了在激光光热驱动下功能梯度梁在不同流体中的振动特性。将功能梯度材料的参数等效化处理得到了简化的热传导方程和振动控制方程,并求解得到了不同边界条件下功能梯度梁的温度场、光热驱动力和振动变形场的解析表达式。数值计算表明:对于本文选取的金和硅组成的功能梯度材料,梁的共振频率随梯度因子的增大而减小;梁在不同流体环境中振动时,共振频率会向低频漂移;梁的尺寸以及梯度因子会影响漂移程度,边界条件的影响较小;当梁的厚度减小时,频率漂移比增大,品质因子减小。     

Interface crack problem in layered orthotropic materials under thermo-mechanical loading

In the present paper, the behavior of an interface crack for a homogeneous orthotropic strip sandwiched between two different functionally graded orthotropic materials subjected to thermal and mechanical loading is considered. It is assumed that interface crack is partly insulated, and the temperature drop across the crack surfaces is the result of the thermal resistance due to the heat conduction through the crack region. The elastic properties of the material are assumed to vary continuously along the thickness direction. The principal directions of orthotropy are parallel and perpendicular to the crack orientation. The complicated mixed boundary problems of equations of heat conduction and elasticity are converted analytically into singular integral equations, which are solved numerically. The main objective of the paper is to study the effects of material nonhomogeneity parameters and the dimensionless thermal resistance on the thermal stress intensity factors for the purpose of gaining better understanding of the thermal behavior of graded layer.     

Micromechanics-based thermoelastic model for functionally graded particulate materials with particle interactions

Thermoelastic behavior of functionally graded particulate materials is investigated with a micromechanical approach. Based on a special representative volume element constructed to represent the graded microstructure of a macroscopic material point, the relation between the averaged strains of the particle and matrix phases is derived with pair-wise particle interactions, and a set of governing equations for the thermoelastic behavior of functionally graded materials is presented. The effective coefficient of thermal expansion at a material point is solved through the overall averaged strain of two phases induced by temperature change under the stress-free condition, and is shown to exhibit a weak anisotropy due to the particle interactions within the graded microstructure. When the material gradient is eliminated, the proposed model predicts the effective coefficient of thermal expansion for uniform composites as expected. If the particle interactions are disregarded, the proposed model recovers the Kerner model. The proposed semi-analytical scheme is consistent and general, and can handle any thermal loading variation. As examples, the thermal stress distributions of graded thermal barrier coatings are solved for two types of thermal loading: uniform temperature change and steady-state heat conduction in the gradation direction.     

Thermal response of a partially insulated interface crack in a graded coating-substrate structure under thermo-mechanical disturbance: Energy release and density

Consider the thermal fracture problem of a functionally graded coating-substrate structure of finite thickness with a partially insulated interface crack subjected to thermal-mechanical supply. A new model is proposed that the heat conduction through the crack region occurs and the temperature drop across the crack surfaces is the result of the thermal resistance. For the first time, real fundamental solutions are derived for the fracture analysis of functionally graded materials. The complicated mixed boundary problems of equations of heat conduction and elasticity are converted analytically into singular integral equations, which are solved numerically. The asymptotic expressions with higher order terms for the singular integral kernels are considered to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical integration. Explicit expressions of various failure modes including stress intensity factors, energy release rate and strain energy density, are provided. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effects of non-homogeneity parameters and the dimensionless thermal resistance on the temperature distribution along the crack surfaces and extended crack line, the thermal stress intensity factors and minimum strain energy density.     

Transient heat conduction in two-dimensional functionally graded hollow cylinder with finite length

In this paper a thick hollow cylinder with finite length made of two dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM) subjected to transient thermal boundary conditions is considered. The volume fraction distribution of materials, geometry and thermal boundary conditions are assumed to be axisymmetric but not uniform along the axial direction. The finite element method with graded material properties within each element is used to model the structure and the Crank–Nicolson finite difference method is implemented to solve time dependent equations of the heat transfer problem. Two-dimensional heat conduction in the cylinder is considered and variation of temperature with time as well as temperature distribution through the cylinder are investigated. Effects of variation of material distribution in two radial and axial directions on the temperature distribution and time response are studied. The achieved results show that using two-dimensional FGM leads to a more flexible design so that transient temperature, maximum amplitude and uniformity of temperature distributions can be modified to achieve required specifications by selecting a suitable material distribution profile in two directions.     

Non-Fourier heat conduction in an exponentially graded slab

The present article investigates one-dimensional non-Fourier heat conduction in a functionally graded material by using the differential transformation method. The studied geometry is a finite functionally graded slab, which is initially at a uniform temperature and suddenly experiences a temperature rise at one side, while the other side is kept insulated. A general non-Fourier heat transfer equation related to the functionally graded slab is derived. The problem is solved in the Laplace domain analytically, and the final results in the time domain are obtained by using numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The obtained results are compared with the exact solution to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, which shows excellent agreement.     

Transient hyperbolic heat conduction in thick-walled FGM cylinders and spheres with exponentially-varying properties

This paper focuses on non-Fourier hyperbolic heat conduction analysis for heterogeneous hollow cylinders and spheres made of functionally graded material (FGM). All the material properties vary exponentially across the thickness, except for the thermal relaxation parameter which is taken to be constant. The cylinder and sphere are considered to be cylindrically and spherically symmetric, respectively, leading to one-dimensional heat conduction problems. The problems are solved analytically in the Laplace domain, and the results obtained are transformed to the real-time space using the modified Durbin’s numerical inversion method. The transient responses of temperature and heat flux are investigated for different inhomogeneity parameters and relative temperature change values. The comparisons of temperature distribution and heat flux between various time and material properties are presented in the form of graphs.     

Nonlocal thermoelastic analysis of a functionally graded material microbeam

In extreme heat transfer environments, functionally graded materials(FGMs)have aroused great concern due to the excellent thermal shock resistance. With the development of micro-scale devices, the size-dependent effect has become an important issue. However, the classical continuum mechanical model fails on the micro-scale due to the influence of the size-dependent effect. Meanwhile, for thermoelastic behaviors limited to small-scale problems, Fourier's heat conduction law cannot explain the thermal wave effect. In order to capture the size-dependent effect and the thermal wave effect, the nonlocal generalized thermoelastic theory for the formulation of an FGM microbeam is adopted in the present work. For numerical validation, the transient responses for a simply supported FGM microbeam heated by the ramp-type heating are considered.The governing equations are formulated and solved by employing the Laplace transform techniques. In the numerical results, the effects of the ramp-heating time parameter, the nonlocal parameter, and the power-law index on the considered physical quantities are presented and discussed in detail.     

Buckling analysis of functionally graded nanobeams under non-uniform temperature using stress-driven nonlocal elasticity

In this work, the size-dependent buckling of functionally graded(FG)Bernoulli-Euler beams under non-uniform temperature is analyzed based on the stressdriven nonlocal elasticity and nonlocal heat conduction. By utilizing the variational principle of virtual work, the governing equations and the associated standard boundary conditions are systematically extracted, and the thermal effect, equivalent to the induced thermal load, is explicitly assessed by using the nonlocal heat conduction law. The ...     

Thermal stress intensity factors for an interface crack in a functionally graded layered structures

The fracture behavior of a functionally graded layered structure (FGLS) with an interface crack under thermal loading is investigated. Considering new boundary conditions, it is assumed that interface crack is partly insulated, and the temperature drop across the crack surfaces is the result of the thermal resistance due to the heat conduction through the crack region. The problem is formulated in terms of a system of singular integral equations. Numerical results are presented to show the influence of the material nonhomogeneity parameters and the dimensionless thermal resistance on the thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs).     

Thermal stresses factors of orthotropic graded layers with a finite line bond

In the paper, the problem of a finite line bond between two orthotropic functionally graded strips under thermal loading is considered. Considering some new boundary conditions, it is assumed that the temperature drop across the finite line bond is the result of the thermal conductivity index controlling heat conduction through the bond region. Using Fourier transforms technique, the therm-elastic mixed boundary value problems are reduced to a system of singular integral equations which can be solved approximately by applying the Chebyshev polynomials. The numerical results for the temperature and displacement field as well as the thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs) are presented. The influence of the thickness of the layers and the thermo-elastic nonhomogeneity parameters on the temperature distribution and the TSIFs is discussed in detail. These results can be expected to be used for the purpose of gaining better understanding of the thermo-mechanical behavior of layered structures.