中柱失效时组合框架压拱效应力学模型分析

钢-混凝土组合梁在正弯矩下的转动中心通常要高于其在负弯矩作用下的转动中心,因此在中柱失效工况下,组合框架中存在压拱效应．针对两榀分别采用了焊接连接和平齐式端板连接的钢-混凝土组合框架进行了拆除中柱的试验研究,记录并详细分析了压拱效应．分析结果表明,无论采取何种梁柱节点形式,组合框架中均存在压拱效应;常规压杆模型无法准确描述压拱效应的效果．提出了一种考虑钢梁下翼缘及部分腹板受拉的桁架弹簧模型,并对该模型的竖向荷载-位移公式和水平位移-竖向位移公式进行了推导,公式结果与试验结果吻合良好．本文提出的桁架弹簧模型及相应变形公式可以很好地预测压拱效应对于整体结构承载力和变形的贡献,为抗连续倒塌工况下组合框架的设计提供了参考．     

拼接式组合扁梁受弯性能分析

本文提出了一种拼接式组合扁梁,对其进行了受弯性能分析．组合扁梁属于内嵌式组合梁,其组成部分较为复杂,传统承载力计算公式偏保守．为便于此类梁的设计,本文在等效应力法的基础上使用等效矩形应力图法,对拼接式组合扁梁的正截面抗弯承载力公式进行推导．使用ABAQUS有限元软件对组合方法公式的准确性进行验证,并与等效应力法公式进行对比,结果表明组合公式得到的数值更为精准．在相同截面高度和用钢量下设计了一个深肋组合扁梁和一个拼接式组合扁梁,并进行了受弯性能对比;同时对不同钢强度和翼缘厚度影响下的拼接式组合扁梁抗弯承载性能进行分析．使用换算截面法对其进行了弹性刚度的计算,并和有限元进行了对比,二者吻合较好,研究结果为拼接式组合扁梁的设计和优化提供了一定参考依据．     

变刚度梁弯曲解析解在桥面板中的应用

针对新型连续窄幅钢箱梁-混凝土组合桥梁,研究了该桥型桥梁的桥面板拉应力控制方法与措施．将该桥型组合桥梁等效为可变刚度的Euler梁,给出任意横向荷载作用下变刚度梁的静力弯曲解析通解,并得到三跨连续阶梯型变刚度梁变形及其内力分布特征．在此基础上,以三跨连续窄幅钢箱梁-混凝土组合桥梁为研究对象,考虑下部钢箱梁与上部混凝土桥面板完全剪力连接,通过改变负弯矩区钢箱梁壁厚、内部充填混凝土的强度、长度与高度等参数,分析得到可有效控制桥面板拉应力的关键因素．结果显示：在负弯矩区段内的钢箱梁内部充填混凝土对控制该区域混凝土桥面板拉应力效果明显,但混凝土强度影响较弱．混凝土桥面板开裂区域随钢箱梁中充填混凝土长度的增加而减少,但桥面板顶部拉应力会随混凝土充填高度的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在充填高度为箱梁内部净高的20 %~30 %左右时效果较为显著,此时经济效益最佳．     

几种典型钢框架节点连接性能的有限元仿真分析

采用有限元程序ABAQUS进行仿真分析,探讨了钢框架节点的非线性连接性能。针对几种典型节点,包括焊接连接、外伸式端板螺栓连接、平齐式端板螺栓连接、双腹板顶底角钢连接等,分别建立了相应的精化有限元分析模型,实现了结构非线性行为的真实再现和连接性能的准确评估。数值结果还给出了钢框架节点的弯矩-相对转角、弯矩-剪切转角及弯矩-节点转角三种关系曲线,并针对弯矩-节点转角曲线进行了回归分析,从而得到了四种钢框架节点的弯矩-节点转角关系式。建立的有限元分析模型可真实地模拟钢框架节点的非线性行为,分析得到了半刚性节点弯矩-转角关系的一般规律,可为钢框架梁柱连接节点的计算理论和设计方法提供重要参考和依据。     

沙漠砂混凝土梁抗弯性能研究

为研究沙漠砂混凝土梁的受弯性能,通过7根沙漠砂混凝土梁与1根普通混凝土梁的对比试验,分析了沙漠砂混凝土梁的正截面承载力、试件的变形性能和破坏特征;并对采用现行混凝土规范公式计算的沙漠砂混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、抗弯承载力和挠度进行了探讨。研究结果表明:平截面假定仍然适用于沙漠砂混凝土梁,且沙漠砂混凝土梁的破坏特征以及跨中挠度曲线与普通混凝土梁构件相近;现行规范中梁的开裂弯矩公式、极限承载力公式和挠度计算公式不适用于沙漠砂混凝土梁。因此,本文通过引入与沙漠砂替代率相关的修正系数,提出了适宜于沙漠砂混凝土梁的建议公式,并通过理论分析证明了其可行性。     

双钢板混凝土组合板抗爆性能分析

钢-混凝土-钢组合板是一种新型的组合结构,与传统钢筋混凝土板相比,具有抗剪强度高、延性大、耗能能力强等特点,目前已经被广泛应用于核反应堆安全壳、海洋平台及储油罐等结构。本文中,设计并制作了缩尺的普通钢筋混凝土板和钢-混凝土-钢组合板,开展了在接触爆炸荷载作用下的实验研究,通过损伤分析、跨中最大挠度对比研究不同板的抗爆性能。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序,研究了钢-混凝土-钢组合板的损伤模式、跨中最大挠度等,并与实验结果进行了对比分析,验证了有限元分析模型的准确性和适用性。参数化分析了炸药量、混凝土强度和钢板厚度等参数对钢-混凝土-钢组合板抗爆性能的影响规律。利用多参数回归分析方法,提出钢-混凝土-钢组合板跨中挠度的预测公式。结果表明:提高混凝土强度可以降低结构的塑性损伤, 增加钢板厚度可以有效降低钢-混凝土-钢组合板的跨中最大挠度。相对于普通钢筋混凝土板,钢-混凝土-钢组合板保持了良好的整体性,且具有继续承载的能力。拟合公式能够较好地预测钢-混凝土-钢组合板跨中挠度与药量和钢板厚度的关系。     

半刚性钢框架的内力分析

采用二阶非线性分析方法分析和设计半刚性钢框架，包括连接的柔性以及构件的几何非线性的影响，提出了半刚性钢框架中梁柱单元刚度矩阵和半刚性梁的单元刚度矩阵；推导了半刚性梁在集中荷载，均布荷载，线性荷载作用下的固端弯矩的求解公式；连接的柔性对无支撑框架的侧移有很大的影响，设计时通过变化连接的刚度以平衡梁的跨中和端弯矩。     

考虑节点损伤的钢框架结构分析模型

钢框架结构在强震作用下将进入非线性状态,结构的刚度和强度等力学性能随之降低,从而影响到结构以后的抗震性能.本文利用断裂力学的基本原理,通过对栓焊节点存在焊缝裂纹的钢框架刚性连接节点的分析,推导了裂纹的有效长度和有效深度,获得了有损伤刚性连接节点的M-θ关系;并推导了节点有损伤的梁单元刚度矩阵.在数值计算的基础上分析了节点刚度变化对框架结构内力的影响,结果表明节点损伤对结构内力分析影响显著,对有损伤钢框架结构进行承载力评估时必须考虑节点损伤的影响.     

碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的解析分析

根据弹性理论和部分组合截面假定，分析碳纤维布加固混凝土梁体系，建立单位长度粘结界面剪力表达式和碳纤维布轴向拉力微分方程，从而推导出碳纤维布拉力、混凝土梁正截面弯矩和粘结界面剪应力解析解的一般形式，满足实际应用．结合算例指出：碳纤维布轴向拉力和粘结界面剪应力分布不均匀，在端部区段应力集中，可能导致加固失效，应采取措施加强锚固．     

组合钢框架火灾时破坏机理实验研究

文章利用自行研制的火灾试验炉，对二种不同连接形式的4榀单层单跨组合钢框架在火灾作用下的破坏行为进行研究，火灾工况包括：梁、板、柱同时受火、节点不受火和梁、板受火而柱、节点不受火二种。实验中量测了各种工况的炉温，H型钢梁、柱的翼缘、腹板及钢筋混凝土楼板中的温度分布，比较发现裸钢的温度相差很小，而埋入混凝土中的钢的升温曲线与裸钢的有较大差异；混凝土的升温曲线则与钢的升温曲线差别较大，加温初期不久由于混凝土凝结水等的原因致使温升曲线存在有一平缓阶段，且随着距受火面距离增大混凝土的温升曲线有明显的滞后现象。当炉温和裸钢的温度开始下降时，混凝土的温度却仍在升高。文中还对框架的变形性能作了简要的介绍，对引起组合钢框架的火灾破坏行为和混凝土楼板裂缝形成的原因进行了分析。     

A Methodology for Combined Rotation-Extension Testing of Simple Steel Beam to Column Joints at High Rates of Loading

Framed building structures rely on the integrity of beam to column connections to avoid collapse in the event of damage to some part of the building. This requirement is often referred to as robustness and in UK practice may be assumed to be achieved (for certain categories of building) if the beam to column connections are designed to resist a specified tensile force. However, prior to the current work, no published data existed on the behaviour of connections subjected to rapid, non-cyclical loading to failure, and models of frame response to localised damage typically use either very simplified assumptions for connection behaviour (e.g. fully rigid against translation and rotation) or data from static connection tests. This paper describes experimental equipment which has been designed, fabricated and commissioned in order to facilitate this type of testing. The experimental test rig is capable of applying an axial tension load or a combination of moment and tension to a connection. The loading can be applied at quasi static or high-rate dynamic rates, with connections taken to failure in a few hundredths of a second. A methodology for analysis of the data, in particular in allowance for inertial effects in interpreting the load/moment data is presented, along with validation tests and examples of results from connection tests.     

Analytical solutions for adhesive composite joints considering large deflection and transverse shear deformation in adherends

This paper presents a novel formulation and analytical solutions for adhesively bonded composite single lap joints by taking into account the transverse shear deformation and large deflection in adherends. On the basis of geometrically nonlinear analysis for infinitesimal elements of adherends and adhesive, the equilibrium equations of adherends are formulated. By using the Timoshenko beam theory, the governing differential equations are expressed in terms of the adherend displacements and then analytically solved for the force boundary conditions prescribed at both overlap ends. The obtained solutions are applied to single lap joints, whose adherends can be isotropic adherends or composite laminates with symmetrical lay-ups. A new formula for adhesive peel stress is obtained, and it can accurately predict peel stress in the bondline. The closed-form analytical solutions are then simplified for the purpose of practical applications, and a new simple expression for the edge moment factor is developed. The numerical results predicted by the present full and simplified solutions are compared with those calculated by geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis using MSC/NASTRAN. The agreement noted validates the present novel formulation and solutions for adhesively bonded composite joints. The simplified shear and peel stresses at the overlap ends are used to derive energy release rates. The present predictions for the failure load of single lap joints are compared with those available in the literature.     

考虑畸变影响的箱梁横向弯矩计算方法

为研究偏心垂向荷载作用下梯形截面单室箱梁的横向弯矩,对框架分析法计算箱梁横向弯矩的方程进行优化,并在刚性支承法的基础上提出一种更加简单的横向弯矩计算方法;与框架分析法不同,横向弯矩可采用能量变分法求解,建立以箱梁顶板剪力差为未知量的四阶控制微分方程,采用比拟的弹性地基梁解法解出剪力差,得出梯形截面单室箱梁横向弯矩的能量变分法解。对几种箱梁横向弯矩计算方法用两个算例进行验证,结果表明,能量变分法解将箱梁底板上的弯矩误差绝对值由15.41%降到了9.68%;本文方法得出的横向弯矩结果和有限元结果吻合较好,弯矩误差绝对值最大不超过6.01%;本文方法和能量变分法可有效降低箱梁底板上的弯矩误差,计算精度得到提高。     

Modeling and analysis of sliding joints with clearances in flexible multibody systems

The modeling of the sliding joint with clearance between a flexible beam and a rigid hole is investigated in this paper. The flexible beam is discretized using the three-dimensional curved Euler–Bernoulli beam element of the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation, while the motion of the rigid hole is described by the Cartesian coordinates. Moreover, the cross sections of both the flexible beam and the rigid hole are assumed to be circular. The existing joints with clearances are mainly rigid joints with small clearances, and the contact detection algorithm adopted can solve only one pair of potential contact points within one section. In order to model the contact problem in the sliding joint with clearance, a new contact detection method based on the intersection of the rigid hole’s cross section and the flexible beam is proposed, which yields a two-dimensional contact detection problem. Based on the common-normal concept, the ellipse–circle contact detection problem within the hole’s cross section can be solved. The potential contact point on the hole’s cross section will be determined, and the closest point projection on the beam’s neutral axis can be defined further. The proposed contact detection method can deal with the sliding joint with large clearance and the multiple-point contact problem within one section. In addition, the penalty method is adopted to model the frictionless contact between the flexible beam and the rigid hole. Finally, two numerical examples about sliding joints with clearances, one with an initially curved beam under gravity and the other with a straight beam under zero gravity, are presented to demonstrate the influence of the clearance of sliding joint on the dynamic performance of flexible multibody systems.     

Screw theoretic view on dynamics of spatially compliant beam

Beams with spatial compliance can be deformed as bending in a plane, twisting, and extending. In terms of the screw theory on rigid body motions, the concept of ＂deflection screw＂ is introduced, a spatial compliant beam theory via the deflection screw is proposed, and the spatial compliance of such a beam system is presented and analysed based on the material theory and fundamental kinematic assumptions. To study the dynamics of the spatially compliant beam, the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the beam are discussed by using the screw theory to obtain the Lagrangian. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to compute the vibrational frequencies based on discussions of boundary conditions and shape functions. The eigenfrequencies of the beam with spatial compliance are compared with those of individual deformation cases, pure bending, extension, or torsion. Finally, dynamics of a robot with two spatial compliant links and perpendicular joints is studied using the spatial compliant beam theory. Coupling between the joint rigid body motions and the deformations of spatial compliant links can easily be found in dynamic simulation. The study shows the effectiveness of using the screw theory to deal with the problems of dynamic modeling and analysis of mechanisms with spatially compliant links.     

弹性地基双层梁理论下的混凝土路面力学分析

为建立混凝土路面结构受力分析计算模型,以Winkler弹性地基梁模型为基础,推导出了弹性地基双层梁理论的表达式;给定边界条件,利用MATLAB软件获得了无限长弹性地基梁在集中力作用下的挠度表达式。将混凝土路面结构简化为弹性地基上的双层梁,当车辆荷载作用于混凝土路面时,在集中载荷的作用下,建立了面层与基层的微分平衡方程。应用广义“初参数”法,得到了双层梁位移和应力的解析解。通过算例,对面层及基层的变形和应力进行了分析,结果表明:增大面层、基层的轴惯性矩和地基的弹性常数,可以有效地减少面层和基层的变形量,降低最大应力数值,但抗弯刚度对基层和面层的弯矩受力影响不大。最后将结果与ANSYS分析结果进行了比较,佐证了解的可靠性,研究结果可为混凝土路面结构设计提供依据。     

Nonlinear stability of timber column strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer

By taking into account the effect of the bi-modulus for tension and compression of the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet in the reinforcement layer, a general mathematical model for the nonlinear bending of a slender timber beam strengthened with the FRP sheet is established under the hypothesis of the large deflection deformation of the beam. Nonlinear governing equations of the second order effect of the beam bending are derived. The nonlinear stability of a simply-supported slender timber column strengthened with the FRP sheet is then investigated. An expression of the critical load of the simply-supported FRP-strengthened timber beam is obtained. The existence of postbuckling solution of the timber column is proved theoretically, and an asymptotic analytical solution of the postbuckling state in the vicinity of the critical load is obtained using the perturbation method. Parameters are studied showing that the FRP reinforcement layer has great influence on the critical load of the timber column, and has little influence on the dimensionless postbuckling state.