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利用二维编织技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维编织成中空编织管,以聚丙烯腈为成膜聚合物,以聚乙二醇为成孔剂,配制铸膜液,采用同心圆纺丝法制备同质编织管增强型聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜.研究结果表明,所得同质编织管增强型聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜的表面分离层具有类似于非对称膜的结构,铸膜液可渗入编织管纤维束中;随着编织管编织节距的增大,同质编织管增强型聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜表面分离层厚度减小,同时膜的平均孔径增大,膜的纯水通量随之增大;铸膜液渗入编织管纤维束的现象未影响膜的通透性能;编织管的断裂强度最大可达100 MPa以上.通过水浴振荡、超声波水浴振荡及等力拉伸3种方法测试了同质编织管增强型中空纤维膜和异质编织管增强型中空纤维膜中编织管与表面分离层之间的界面结合性能,结果表明前者的界面结合性能优于后者. 相似文献
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采用二维编织技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)长丝编织成中空纤维编织管作为增强体,分别以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为成膜聚合物,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为添加剂,调制铸膜液,采用同心圆挤出-涂覆法制备了PAN纤维编织管同质增强型PAN中空纤维膜和异质增强型PVDF中空纤维膜.研究表明,所得PAN纤维编织管增强型中空纤维膜断裂强度最大可超过75 MPa,在伸长率10%范围内,表面分离层与增强体之间界面结合良好;表面分离层具有类似于非对称膜的结构,铸膜液可浸入纤维编织管纤维空隙中,铸膜液浸入部分固化后未影响膜的通透性能;随成膜聚合物浓度增加,膜纯水通量减小,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)截留率增大;随添加剂PVP浓度增加,膜的纯水通量先增大后减小,在8 wt%左右达最大值,BSA截留率随PVP浓度增加而单调增加;同质增强型中空纤维膜界面结合程度优于异质增强型. 相似文献
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采用聚酰亚胺和磺化聚芳醚砜共混改性的中空纤维膜,研究了在不同操作条件下对压缩空气的脱湿性能,并以此作为吹扫气源,研究了在气流吹扫操作方式下蒸汽渗透法乙醇气相脱水过程,实验结果表明,膜的脱水性能与膜材料的亲水性有关,控制共混比例可以得到综合性能优良的气体脱湿膜。在压缩空气脱湿过程中,提高操作压力和气流回扫比对降低产品气的露点是有利的,在0.35MPa的操作压力下,可得到露点低于-25℃的产品空气。在乙醇气相脱水过程中,采用干燥的吹扫气流并增加吹扫气流的速率对提高水/醇分离系数是十分必要的,当采用合适的操作条件时,改性聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜的水/醇分离系数可达150~200。 相似文献
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聚酰亚胺6FDA-mPDA及其非对称中空纤维膜的气体渗透性能 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
用两步法制备了聚酰亚胺2,2'-双(3,4-二羧酸苯基)六氟丙烷二酐(6FDA)-1,3-苯二胺(mPDA).测定了聚合物致密膜的密度、自由体积分率和玻璃化转变温度.制备了不同干纺距离下具有超薄致密皮层的聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜.制备的中空纤维膜在25℃,0.5MPa下,O2的渗透速率为19.10GPU,O2/N2分离系数为5.99,CO2的渗透速率为106.34GPU,CO2/CH4的分离系数为82.00.致密皮层的厚度约为96nm.考察了操作温度对膜性能的影响,结果表明,随着温度的升高,膜的渗透速率增大,分离系数减小.物理老化对膜性能的实验结果表明,随着老化时间的增加,膜的渗透速率减小,分离系数增大.膜的致密层厚度影响膜的老化性能. 相似文献
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基于化学热力学原理, 采用逆流分级萃取和中空纤维支载液膜技术研究了氧氟沙星外消旋体在手性环境中的萃取分离. 膜内外两相辛醇溶液中分别含有L-二苯甲酰酒石酸和D-二苯甲酰酒石酸手性选择体, 其中膜内相辛醇溶液中含有氧氟沙星外消旋体. 中空纤维膜用含有溴化十六烷基三甲胺的磷酸氢二钠/磷酸缓冲液(pH = 6.86)浸泡48 h. 改性的液膜允许氧氟沙星对映体穿过, 而手性选择体和有机溶剂不能穿过. 对中空纤维膜分级手性萃取理论, 传质性能及立体选择性进行了研究; 并建立了氧氟沙星外消旋体在中空纤维支载液膜手性分离的数学模型R/S=0.976 e0.03NTU. 使用11个22 cm长膜器串联(传质单元数为78)逆流分级萃取, 产品光学纯度达90%以上. 相似文献
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中空纤维膜因其体积装填密度高、占地面积小、成本相对低等优点备受关注。本文通过将Armos聚合液与聚砜(PSf)共混,经干-湿法纺丝制备了Armos/PSf共混中空纤维超滤膜,研究表明:Armos均匀分散在中空纤维膜中,中空纤维膜断面呈现疏松的多孔结构,随着Armos共混含量的增加,膜的亲水性和纯水通量均提高,但对PEG-20000截留率下降明显。以Armos/PSf共混中空纤维膜为基膜,通过界面聚合制备了中空纤维复合纳滤膜,优化的制备条件为:基膜中Armos的共混含量为4%、水相单体浓度为3%、油相单体浓度为0.15%时,制得的中空纤维复合纳滤膜性能最佳,其通量为8.40L/(m2·h),对MgSO4的截留率为88%。 相似文献
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PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜制备的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以聚砜(PSF)、磺化聚醚砜(SPES)和醋酸纤维素(CA)为膜材料,水为内凝胶剂,采用干湿法制备了PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜,探讨了PSF-SPES铸膜液中SPES离子交换容量(IEC)、SPES浓度、添加剂、外凝胶剂的选择和热处理对膜性能的影响。所得共混超滤膜性能如下:w=0.0 0 1的Na2SO4截留率19.9%,通量62 L/(h.m2.MPa);w=0.001的PEG4000截留率78.2%,通量85 L/(h.m2.MPa)。此外,以PSF-SPES中空纤维为支撑膜,采用醋酸纤维素作为涂层液,研究了CA/PSF-SPES复合超滤膜性能,讨论了CA/PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜结构。 相似文献
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甲醇/甲基叔丁基醚的分离是目前具有实用意义的重要研究课题之一,采用气流哆扫式操作,研究了聚酰亚胺、不同结构的聚砜中空纤维膜在不同操作条件下,对甲醇/甲基叔丁基醚气相混合体系的分离性能,也研究共混改性对分离膜性能的影响。结果表明,各种材料的膜具有相近的分离行为,即随着气相中甲醇含量的增加,透过通量逐渐增大而分离系数逐渐减小,聚酰亚胺膜具有适中的透过通量,但具有很高的分离系数,在甲醇浓度低于20%时, 相似文献
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Changsheng Zhao Binyu Yu Bosi Qian Qiang Wei Kaiguang Yang Aimin Zhang 《Journal of membrane science》2008,310(1-2):38-43
Bisphenol A (BPA) imprinted polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membrane was spun using a dry–wet spinning method, the membrane was then prepared as a filter with an effective area of 200 cm2. The hollow fiber filter was employed to study the BPA transport behavior. The transport ability of the prepared hollow fiber membrane was measured using 100 μmol/l BPA aqueous solutions at a flow flux of 50 and 75 ml/min, respectively. The BPA transfer rate increased for the imprinted hollow fiber membranes due to the larger amount of binding sites, comparing with the non-imprinted one. In the present study, hollow fiber membrane and the molecular imprinting technique were combined for advanced separation and the data suggested that small molecules could transfer in the direction opposite to the concentration gradient due to different pH. 相似文献
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PES中空纤维复合纳滤膜的制备 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用界面聚合法制备聚醚砜(PES)中空纤维复合纳滤(NF)膜,讨论了制备条件对PES中空纤维复合NF膜性能的影响。实验结果表明,聚合反应时间、均苯三甲酰氯浓度、哌嗪浓度和酸吸收剂三乙胺浓度对复合NF膜性能有显著影响,同时二次反应能够提高复合NF膜的截留率,对2g/L的Na2SO4截留率可达到99.2%。 相似文献
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Lanying Jiang Tai-Shung Chung Dong Fei Li Chun Cao Santi Kulprathipanja 《Journal of membrane science》2004,240(1-2):91-103
We have developed almost defect-free Matrimid/polyethersulfone (PES) dual-layer hollow fibers with an ultra-thin outer layer of about 10 × 10−6 m (10 μm), studied the effects of spinneret and coagulant temperatures and dope flow rates on membrane morphology and separation performance, and highlighted the process similarities and differences between single-layer and dual-layer hollow fiber fabrications. The compositions of the outer and inner layer dopes were 26.2/58.8/15.0 (in wt.%) Matrimid/NMP/methanol and 36/51.2/12.8 (in wt.%) PES/NMP/ethanol, respectively. It is found that 25 °C for both spinneret and coagulant is a better condition, and the fibers thus spun exhibit an O2/N2 selectivity of 6.26 which is within the 87% of the intrinsic value and a calculated apparent dense-layer thickness of about 2886 × 10−10 m (2886 Å). These dual-layer membranes also have impressive CO2/CH4 selectivity of around 40 in mixed gas tests. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show that low coagulant temperatures produce dual-layer hollow fibers with an overall thicker thickness and tighter interfacial structure which may result in a higher substructure resistance and decrease the permeance and selectivity simultaneously. The elemental analysis of the interface skins confirms that a faster inter-layer diffusion occurs when the fibers are spun at higher spinneret temperatures. Experimental results also reveal that the separation performance of dual-layer hollow fiber membranes is extremely sensitive to the outer layer dope flow rate, and the inner layer dope flow rate also has some influence. SEM pictures indicate that the macrovoid formation in dual-layer asymmetric hollow fiber membranes is quite similar to that in single-layer ones. It appears that macrovoids observed in this study likely start from local stress imbalance and weak points. 相似文献
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The concept of fabricating hollow fibers with double-layer mixed-matrix materials using the same polymeric matrix has been demonstrated for gas separation. Polyethersulfone (PES)–beta zeolite/PES–Al2O3 dual-layer mixed-matrix hollow fiber membranes with enhanced separation performance have been fabricated. This study presents an innovative approach of utilizing low cost PES and Al2O3 to replace expensive polyimides as the supporting medium for dual-layer mixed-matrix hollow fibers and eliminating interlayer de-lamination problems. The incorporations of 20 wt% beta zeolite in the outer selective layer and 60 wt% Al2O3 in the inner layer coupled with spinning at high elongational draw ratios yield membranes with an O2/N2 selectivity of 6.89. The presence of Al2O3 particles enables the membrane to retain its porous substructure morphology in the course of annealing above the glass transition temperature of PES. Moreover, spinning at high elongational draw ratios results in the re-distribution of Al2O3 particles towards both edges of the inner layer. Not only do the permeance and selectivity of the fibers increase, but also greater mechanical properties and lower degree of shrinkages are obtained. Therefore, the combination of PES–beta zeolite and PES–Al2O3 nanoparticles with a reasonable draw ratio may be another promising approach to produce hollow fibers with double-layer mixed-matrix materials. 相似文献
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A titania hollow fiber membrane was successfully synthesized in a macro range via a template method coupled with a sol-gel process. Thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was employed to study the effect of heat treatment on the synthesized hollow fiber, and the crystal forms of the titania hollow fiber membranes at different temperatures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The pore structure of the prepared titania hollow fiber was characterized by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The prepared titania hollow fiber membrane was explored as a new adsorption material for trace metals for the first time and a new method of titania hollow fiber membrane solid phase microextraction (MSPME) online coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed for the determination of trace amount of Cd, Co, V and Ni in human serum samples. In order to validate the developed method, two certified reference materials of NIES.No.10-b rice flour and BCR No.184 bovine muscle were analyzed and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. 相似文献
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熔融纺丝制备中空纤维膜研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中空纤维膜作为一种重要的分离膜材料,其制备方法一直以来是膜技术研究领域的热点。相对于溶液法纺丝制膜方法而言,熔融纺丝法具有使用溶剂量少、环境友好、所得中空纤维膜力学性能较优等特点,已成为目前中空纤维膜制备的重要技术之一。本文根据工艺将熔融纺丝制膜方法区分为熔融纺丝-拉伸法和热致相分离法,分别就这两种方法中空纤维膜的制备技术及致孔机理进行介绍,并对二者的研究历史及现状进行了论述,最后,还指出了熔融纺丝制备中空纤维膜研究领域有待解决的问题。 相似文献
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《中国化学快报》2022,33(8):3594-3602
Hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane processes have been extensively used in water purification and biotechnology. However, complicated filtration hydrodynamics wield a negative influence on fouling mitigation and stability of hollow fiber MF/UF membrane processes. Thus, establishing a mathematical model to understand the membrane processes is essential to guide the optimization of module configurations and to alleviate membrane fouling. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the hollow fiber MF/UF membrane filtration models developed from different theories. The existing models primarily focus on membrane fouling but rarely on the interactions between the membrane fouling and local filtration hydrodynamics. Therefore, more simplified conceptual models and integrated reduced models need to be built to represent the real filtration behaviors of hollow fiber membranes. Future analyses considering practical requirements including complicated local hydrodynamics and nonuniform membrane properties are suggested to meet the accurate prediction of membrane filtration performance in practical application. This review will inspire the development of high-efficiency hollow fiber membrane modules. 相似文献