金属态原子电负性的计算及应用(I)

提出了一种表示金属态原子电负性的计论方法，即X＝Pexp（-KsR），其中P为Pauling电负性，Ks为Thomas-Fermi定义的表示金属晶体内某一金属原子核外电子受邻近配位原子屏蔽长度的倒数，R为该金属的一价离子半径．通过将由此获得的金属态原子电负性值及Pauling电负性值同金属表面的电子脱出功，CO、O2分子在某些过渡金属表面上的解离吸附热数值关联结果比较，发现提出的金属态原子电负性概念能更准确地反映过渡金属在催化过程中所表现出的各种热化学性质．     

金属态原子电负性的计算及应用(Ⅱ)

利用修正后的Pauling计算单键键能的公式对H2、O2、CO观原子分子在某些过渡金属上解离吸附参数（包括活化吸附热，金属-吸附物种表面键能）进行了计算，获得了丰富的表面键能量参数数值，弥补了实验数据的不足．从而，为在一定程度上帮助人们从分子微观动力学的角度认识催化反应的实质，报供了较为可靠的理论依据．     

金属态原子电负性的计算及应用(II)

利用修正后的Ｐａｕｌｉｎｇ计算单键键能的公式对Ｈ２、Ｏ２、ＣＯ双原子分子在某些过渡金属上解离吸附参数（包括活化吸附热，金属－吸附物种表面键能）进行了计算，获得了丰富的表面键能量参数数值，弥补了实验数据的不足。从而，为在一定程度上帮助人们从分子微观动力学的角度认识催化反应的实质，提供了较为可靠的理想依据。     

原子电负性的新研究

原子电负性是一应用十分广泛的重要物理量，已有很多表示方法，有关评论文章也很多。Pauling把电负性定为为“原子在分子中吸引电子的能力”。按Pauling电负性定义，键合原子不同，分子中原子吸收电子的能力也不同，因此原子电负性不是恒定值。为了     

主族金属元素电子脱出功与拓扑指数~mP的相关性

利用Pauling电负性xpi、原子的价电子数mi和原子的价电子层数ni构建了点价iδ.由点价iδ构建了拓扑指数mP.利用其0阶指数0P与23种金属元素电子脱出功关联,拟合成3个线性回归方程.相关系数为0.9803,0.9870和0.9878,均优于文献值.预测取得了较好的结果.     

原子的价态电负性与价键轨道特性

电负性概念自Pauling提出以来,在化学学科中得到了广泛的应用,相继出现了多种经验或半经验的计算方法。Allred等将原子核作用于价电子的静电力定义为原子的电负性,使得电负性具有较直观的物理含义,是最广泛采用的标度之一。Mulliken将原子电负性定义为该原子的第一电离势和第一电子亲和能的平均     

原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数与元素电负性的关系

在基态原子价壳层电子隐核图的基础上, 基于拓扑化学原理以及原子价壳层电子结构特征, 构建了原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数(AEI), 它对基态原子实现唯一性表征, 结合原子价壳层电子平均化能(∑n_iE_i/∑n_i)等参数, 建立了一套新的元素电负性标度: X_N＝－0.588710AEI₁＋0.761214AEI₂＋0.154982(∑n_iE_i/∑n_i)－0.080929. 该式给出了周期表中氢至镅共95种元素的电负性, 结果表明新电负性标度X_N与Pauling电负性标度颇为一致. 进一步从原子价轨道量子拓扑指数确定了sp, sp², sp³杂化轨道的电负性. 新标度在元素和物质的结构-性质研究中具有一定的适用性.     

原子电负性和极化度对卤代甲烷C 1s电子电离能的影响

以原子的电负性χP和极化度α为基本参数, 估算卤代甲烷CHnY4−n−mZm(Y, Z=F, Cl, Br, I) C 1s电子电离能的电荷效应和松弛效应. 电荷效应由C—H和C—Y(Z)键两端原子的电负性差来度量, 松弛效应由碳原子带的电荷乘上氢和卤素原子极化度来衡量, 进而用电荷效应和松弛效应一起表达卤代甲烷中C 1s电子电离能的静电-松弛屏蔽效应ΔSi. 将ΔSi代入类-Slater模型, 得到卤代甲烷中C 1s电子电离能E1,C的估算方程, 该方程的相关系数r=0.99987, 对27个卤代甲烷的计算值与实验值之间的平均绝对误差仅为0.038 eV, 小于实验误差0.1 eV. 同时, 用留一法(leave-one-out)进行交叉验证(相关系数rcv=0.99977, 预测值与实验值之间的绝对平均误差只有0.049 eV), 结果表明所得方程具有良好的预测能力和稳定性.     

甲酸根吸附热与其电子性质之间的关联：第一性密度泛函理论研究

采用第一性密度泛函理论（DFT-GGA）研究了甲酸根（HCOO）在一系列金属表面的吸附．研究表明,HCOO的最稳定吸附位置是短桥位,吸附热顺序为Au（110）〈Ag（110）〈Cu（110）〈Pd（110）〈Pt（110）〈Ni（110）〈Rh（110）〈Fe（100）〈Mo（100）．HCOO吸附热可以很好地与相应的金属氧化物生成热关联．另外还发现,过渡金属的吸附热与金属的小带中心有很好地关联,第1B金属吸附热可以用耦合矩阵平方来解释．     

电子亲合能与原子的Z */r及电子构型的关系

从电子亲合能定义出发，讨论了原子在形成相应负离子时，新增电子所受吸引能（Ｚ／ｒ）与电子亲合能的关系。从计算所得１～８６号元素各原子Ｚ／ｒ值显示，Ｚ／ｒ和ＥＡ值均体现出一定的周期性变化规律。对某些反常现象也从各自的电子构型角度给以解释。     

A Simple and Sensitive HPLC Method for Antipyrine in Plasma

Abstract

A rapid, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of antipyrine in small volume (50 μl) of plasma samples. Aminopyrine was employed as the internal standard. The sample preparation is a direct plasma protein precipitation procedure so is less tedious and rapid. The assay employs a column packed with a C₁₈ reversed-phase material (5 μm Nucleosil) with an isocratic mixture of acetonitrile and water (25:75, v/v) as the mobile phase. The eluant was detected at 254 nm. The assay achieves the level of sensitivity (0.5 μg/ml) and accuracy required to obtain meaningful data about the single-dose pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in guinea pig and rat. The method gave high reproducibility with coefficients of variation less than 5%.     

A Simple and Sensitive HPTLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Darunavir Ethanolate Tablets

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for determination of darunavir ethanolate (DRV) in tablets...     

A Simple and Sensitive HPTLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Ethamsylate in Tablets

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple, rapid, and reliable HPTLC method has been developed for determination of ethamsylate in tablets. Identification and...     

A Simple and Sensitive LC Method for Quantification of Cefteram in Human Plasma

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantification of cefteram in human plasma. Amoxicillin was used as an internal standard. The present method used protein precipitation for extraction of cefteram from human plasma. Separation was carried out on a reversed-phase C₁₈ column. The column effluent was monitored by UV detection at 262 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and water containing 0.3% v/v triethylamine and 0.6% v/v glacial acetic acid (35:65:0.3:0.6 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL min^?1. The column temperature was 20 °C. This method was linear over the range of 47.5–4,750.0 ng mL^?1 with determination coefficient greater than 0.99. The mean extraction recovery of cefteram and IS was ≥76.82 and ≥76.49%, respectively, and the method was found to be precise, accurate, and specific during the study. The method was successfully applied for a pharmacokinetic study of cefteram in human.     

A Simple and Sensitive HPTLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Pantoprazole Sodium Sesquihydrate in Tablets

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple, rapid, and reliable HPTLC method has been established for determination of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in tablets....     

Assessment of the Surface Heterogeneity of Talc Materials

The hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of the surface of talc materials in aqueous solution were determined using ionic surfactants and their polar headgroup adsorption isotherms. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface areas are inferred from the amount of probe molecule adsorbed and the structure of the adsorbed layer. Natural dispersion of talc shows at 298 K a pH of 9.4 and the electrophoretic measurements indicate that the particles are negatively charged. The hydrophilic surface area is estimated from the adsorption of benzyltrimethylammonium ions (BTMA(+)) through electrostatic interactions as supported by the increase of divalent ions in the bulk phase and the decrease in the exothermic displacement enthalpy. It was also observed from the adsorption isotherm of benzene sulfonate anions that the density of positive surface sites is very low and is thus neglected. The adsorption of an anionic surfactant essentially occurs through dispersive interactions between the nonpolar organic tail of the molecule and the hydrophobic surface. Furthermore, some assumptions on the structure of dodecyl sulfate surfactant aggregates at the interface allow the hydrophobic part of the talc particles to be estimated. The cationic surfactant adsorption has been investigated and found to corroborate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic area values first obtained. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Simple, Sensitive, and Rapid LC–ESI-MS Method for Quantification of Mitiglinide in Human Urine

A sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic method with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS) has been developed and validated for identification and quantification of mitiglinide in human urine. A simple liquid–liquid extraction procedure was followed by separation on a C₁₈ column with gradient elution, and detection using a single-quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The method was tested using six different batches of urine. Linearity was established for the mitiglinide concentrations in the range 0.005–1.0 μg mL⁻¹, with a coefficient of determination (r) of 0.9998 and good back-calculated accuracy and precision. Intra- and inter-day precision (as RSD, %) was below 10% and accuracy for mitiglinide ranged from 85 to 115%. The lower limit of quantification was reproducible at 0.002 μg mL⁻¹ for 500 μL urine. The proposed method enables unambiguous identification and quantification of mitiglinide in pre-clinical and clinical studies.     

A Simple and Sensitive Analytical Method for Determination of Naltrexone Level in Plasma by GC–MS

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of naltrexone in plasma is presented. The method is based on pre-column derivatization of analyte to trimethylsilyl derivative of naltrexone. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from plasma by liquid–liquid extraction. Validation of the method has been studied in the concentration range 1–50 ng mL⁻¹.

     

Simple and Sensitive Extractive Spectrophotometeric Method for the Assay of Mebeverine Hydrochloride in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Simple, sensitive, rapid and cost effective extraction spectrophotometric methods are described for the assay of mebeverine hydrochloride (MBH) in bulk samples and pharmaceutical formulations. These two methods (Bromophenol blue and Erichrome Black‐T) are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion‐pair complexes of MBH with Bromophenol blue (BPB) and with Erichrome Black‐T (EBT), to form yellow and pink colored chromogen in a Glycine‐HCl buffer of pH 2.4 (BPB) and in a KCl‐HCl buffer of pH 1.4 (EBT) with absorbance maximum at 416 nm and at 524 nm for BPB and EBT respectively. The calibration graph is found to linear over 0.2–20 μg/mL (BPB) and 0.2–20 μg/mL (EBT), with molar absorptivity values of 1.8295 × 10⁴ 1 moL^?1 cm^?1 and 1.5896 × 10⁴ 1 moL^?1 cm^?1, respectively. The LOD (Limit of Detection) were found to be 0.090 μg/mL and 0.084 μg/mL and LOQ (Limit of Quantification) were 0.2997 μg/mL and 0.2730 μg/mL for the BPB and EBT method, respectively. The results of analysis for the two methods have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The results are compared with those obtained with reported method. The proposed methods are simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for quality control applications.     

A New Simple and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Procedure for Determination of Adrenaline

Abstract

A new spectrophotometric procedure is described for the determination of ppm concentrations of adrenaline. The procedure is based on formation of Tris(O-phenanthroline)iron(II) complex (ferroin) upon reaction of adrenaline with an iron(III)-O-phenanthroline mixture in slightly acidic medium. The ferroin complex is then spectrophotometrically measured at 510 nm. In addition to being facile and rapid, the procedure is sufficiently selective and accurate, being particularly suitable for the assay of adrenaline in pharmaceutical formulations; the standard deviation didnot exceed 0.64%.