溴酸钾-酸性铬蓝K化学发光法检测水中微量NO2-

利用NO2-对溴酸钾-酸性铬蓝K体系的化学发光有显著的增强作用,建立了检测亚硝酸盐的新方法。着重对化学发光条件,包括溴酸钾浓度、酸性铬蓝K浓度、管长、流速及酸度条件进行了实验研究,并利用该方法对地下水及当地雨水进行了检测。实验结果表明,当溴酸钾浓度为0.1 mol/L、酸性铬蓝K浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L、管长为40 cm、流速为2.5 mL/min及硫酸为0.5 mol/L时,本方法检测NO2-的线性范围为1.0×10-8~8.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.1×10-10mol/L;对1.0×10-7mol/L和1.0×10-5mol/L的NO2-进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差分别为1.6%和2.1%;对天然水中NO2-检测,结果满意。对化学发光机理进行了初步探讨。     

毛细管电泳柱后衍生激光诱导荧光测定动物组织中卡那霉素类抗生素

采用毛细管电泳柱后衍生激光诱导荧光测定3种卡那霉素类抗生素。研究了在反向电渗流条件下HAc-NaAc缓冲液酸度和浓度对卡那霉素类抗生素分离的影响,研究了Na2B4O7缓冲体系和柱后衍生试剂萘二醛/2-巯基乙醇浓度对检测信号的影响。采用50 mmol/L HAc-NaAc(pH5.0) 0.5 mmol/L CTMAB溶液为分离缓冲液,样品在-15 kV下分离,与柱后衍生试剂1.0 mmol/L NDA 8.0 mmol/L 2-ME 35 mmol/LNa2B4O7(pH10.0)的30%(V/V)甲醇溶液反应,激发诱导荧光检测卡那霉素类抗生素检出限为3.6×10-5~5.2×10-5g/L;本方法用于动物组织中卡那霉素类抗生素残留检测,相对标准偏差小于7.2%;回收率为90.2%~95.3%(n=4)。     

基于铜纳米簇的硝酸根微传感器的研究

基于循环伏安扫描(CV)的电化学沉积方法制备出多孔性纳米簇状结构铜膜,结合采用微机电系统(Micro electro mechanical systems,MEMS)技术制备的微电极芯片,研制出用于NO3-检测的安培型微传感器。考察该微传感器对NO3-的响应性能,在6.25~300mmol/L浓度范围内,灵敏度为0.0526mA/(mmol/L),线性度99.93%;在300~3500mmol/L浓度范围内,灵敏度为0.0353mA/(mmol/L),线性度99.18%。与文献报道相比,该传感器表现出更高的灵敏度。考察水体中常见的NO2-,Cl-,HPO42-/PO43-,SO42-,HCO3-/CO23-,Na+和K+等离子对该传感器的干扰性能,传感器表现出较好的抗干扰性能。采用该微传感器对实际水样进行测试,测试结果与具有权威资质的测试公司的测试结果之间具有一定的相关性。实验结果表明,采用循环伏安沉积方法在微电极表面制备的纳米簇状结构的铜敏感膜,比表面积大,催化活性高,对NO3-表现出了很好的敏感特性和选择性,适用于对微量NO3-的检测。     

离子色谱分离-亚铁氰化钾-钙黄绿素偶合化学发光测定NO_2~-

利用NO2-在酸性介质中氧化亚铁氰化钾为铁氰化钾,然后在碱性条件下和钙黄绿素化学发光反应相偶合,结合离子色谱分离和流动注射技术间接测定了NO2-。结果发现当钙黄绿素浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,亚铁氰化钾浓度为2.0×10-4mol/L时,NO2-在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-7g/L范围内,化学发光强度与NO2-浓度成良好的线性关系(R=0.9958),检出限(3σ)为5.1×10-8g/L,对质量浓度为1.0×10-6g/LNO2-溶液进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.4%。将该方法用于蒸馏水和自来水中NO2-的测定,加标回收率分别为94.2%和107.1%。     

NDA柱前衍生毛细管电泳高灵敏安培检测组胺

本文提出了毛细管电泳 2,3 萘二甲醛(NDA)柱前衍生高灵敏安培检测组胺的新方法,对衍生反应条件和电泳分析条件,包括衍生试剂浓度、衍生溶液的pH值、衍生反应时间、分离介质的pH值、进样时间和分离电压进行了优化,确定衍生溶液pH值为9.0,NDA浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L,CN-浓度为2.5×10-3mol/L时的衍生效果最佳;10mmol/LTris H3PO4(pH5.0)为最佳电泳缓冲液,检测电位为0.7V(vs.SCE)时,组胺检出限达6.8×10-8mol/L(S/N=3),较不衍生测定法灵敏度提高6倍,为测定痕量组胺提供了一个新方法。     

含羧基中药成分荧光标记方法的建立及优化

用荧光标记技术对含羧基类中药成分进行标记,探索中药成分荧光标记方法,提高其检测灵敏度、为中药药代动力学研究奠定基础。以荧光试剂8-氨基芘-1,3,6-三磺酸三钠盐(APTS)和绿原酸组成研究体系,对标记条件进行优化。反应体系中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC.HCl)与N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)可使衍生反应在室温下进行。APTS标记绿原酸的较优反应条件为:绿原酸与APTS的浓度比为1∶5,EDC的浓度为5 mmol/L,NHS的浓度为0.33 mmol/L。以0.1mol/L、pH5.50的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4为缓冲溶液,绿原酸首先与EDC、NHS避光反应4 h,再与APTS反应4h,即可达到较好的标记效果。此标记方法操作简便,灵敏度高,可以用于含羧基类中药成分的荧光标记研究。     

Ce(Ⅳ)-吐温40-色氨酸化学发光体系的研究与应用

实验观察到在酸性条件下,色氨酸能够增强Ce(Ⅳ)和吐温40的化学发光反应,其发光强度的增加与色氨酸含量在一定的范围内呈线性关系,据此建立了测定色氨酸的化学发光分析新方法.采用顺序注射技术进样,将试样和试剂的消耗降至微升范围内,明显提高了分析速度.考察了各种实验参数的影响和可能的反应机理,此反应的发光体为Tween 40的中间氧化产物.在试样体积70 μL、吐温40浓度为5%、试剂Ce(Ⅳ)体积80 μL、浓度为1.0 mmol/L、检测流速为1.8 mL/min的条件下,线性范围为2.0×10-7～1.4×10-5 mol/L; 检出限(3σ)为8.8×10-8 mol/L; 对6.0×10-6 mol/L色氨酸进行9次测定的相对标准偏差为1.3%.啤酒和血清中色氨酸含量测定的回收率为91.2%～102%.     

根际土壤溶液中磷的毛细管电泳分析

应用毛细管区带电泳间接紫外吸收法,对测定根际土壤溶液中PO43-的检测波长、电泳温度、分离电压和电解液组成等参数进行了选择,发展了根际土壤溶液中PO34-浓度的毛细管电泳分析法。选择后的电泳条件为:电解液为32mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷+4mmol/L1,2,4-苯三酸+0.3mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(pH=8.5);检测波长为205nm,分离电压为-20kV,温度为25℃。本方法有效地屏蔽了土壤溶液中Cl-,SO42-和NO3-等离子对PO43-测定的影响,对根际土壤溶液中PO43-的检出限为0.68mg/L(S/N=3);回收率为87.2%～99.4%,适于测定微量根际土壤溶液样品中PO34-的浓度。     

醋酸钾溶液体系中α-Fe_2O_3纳米微球的离子液体辅助合成及气敏性能研究

以Fe Cl3·6H2O和CH3COOK为反应物,以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物([Bmim]Cl)为结构导向剂和表面活性剂,采用水热合成法在150℃反应8 h制备出结晶度好、形貌规整,直径为10~30 nm的α-Fe2O3纳米微球.考察了[Bmim]Cl的添加量对氧化铁形貌和气敏性能的影响.气敏性能测试结果表明:当离子液体添加量为12 mmol时,α-Fe2O3纳米微球对乙醇的气敏性能最佳.在工作温度为300℃时,对50μL/L乙醇的灵敏度达到7.56,是不添加离子液体时制备的α-Fe2O3的5.6倍,在10~200μL/L的检测范围内灵敏度与浓度具有良好的线性关系(R=98.8%),并且具有良好的选择性和稳定性.本文还详细探讨了α-Fe2O3纳米微球对乙醇的敏感机理,以及工作温度对其气敏性能的影响.     

硅胶整体柱离子对色谱快速分析碘离子

建立了用硅胶整体柱和直接电导检测的离子对色谱快速分析碘离子的方法。采用Chromolith Speed ROD RP-18e色谱柱,以氢氧化四丁铵(离子对试剂)-邻苯二甲酸+乙腈(有机改进剂)为淋洗液,讨论了离子对试剂浓度、有机改进剂浓度、pH、流速和色谱柱温度对碘离子保留的影响。确定最佳色谱条件为:0.25 mmol/L氢氧化四丁铵-0.18 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸+体积分数7%乙腈(pH5.5)作为淋洗液,流速6.0 mL/min,色谱柱温30℃。在此条件下,碘离子的保留时间在0.5 min之内,其它常见阴离子(Cl-、NO3-、SO42-)及SCN-、ClO4-不干扰测定。方法的检出限为0.86 mg/L,标准曲线的线性范围为1.6～85.0 mg/L,峰面积的相对标准偏差为2.3%。将方法应用于测定地下水和果汁中的碘离子,加标回收率为98.5%～104.2%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.