Pr6O11对SnO2半导体气敏特性的影响

研究了添加Pr_6O_11的SnO_2半导体气敏元件的气敏特性。在丙酮、乙醇、甲烷、一氧化碳等11种气氛中测量结果表明,元件对丙酮、乙醇具有选择性,Pr_6O_(11)的最佳含量为1.0wt％左右。实验还发现,元件的限定工作温度随着Pr_6O_(11)含量的增加而下降,响应时间和恢复时间缩短,灵敏度随被测气体浓度变化的线性范围相应增大。     

Nd2O3掺杂对SnO2气敏性质的影响

SnO_2是目前应用最广的一种气敏材料。我们曾经报道掺入La_2O_3,CeO_2,Pr_6O_(11),和Nd_2O_3后可使半导体元件的灵敏度提高,尤以对乙醇、乙醚、丙酮为显著。掺Nd_2O_3元件对乙炔的灵敏度也有提高。本文考察了SnO_2粒度和被测气氛的物化性质对掺Nd_2O_3元件灵敏度的影响。SnO_2采用水解SnCl_4法制备,纯度经光谱分析测定合格,试样用标准筛分目。在SnO_2中加1wt%Nd_2O_3(光谱纯)和适量水及甲基纤维素,混磨15分钟。将制成的悬浊液滴在一对铂     

纳米晶γ-Fe2O3的微乳液法制备及其气敏性

采用NaOH/十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)/甲苯/水和NaOH/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/三氯甲烷/正丙醇/水2种微乳液体系制备了γ-Fe_2O_3纳米粉体,并对其气敏性能进行了研究和讨论。用FT-IR、XRD和TEM测试技术对纳米粉体进行了结构表征。结果表明,选用DBS和CTAB作为表面活性剂,在W/O分别为10．77和10．56的条件下均可获得粒径为4～5 nm的球形γ-Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒。由于获得的γ-Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒表面均有残余的表面活性剂存在,导致产物颗粒之间不易团聚,粒径较小。由2种微乳液体系制备的γ-Fe_2O_3纳米粉体制作的气敏元件,对体积分数为0．1％的乙醇的灵敏度分别为12．5和23．8,并测得元件DBS的响应-恢复时间分别为20和30s;元件CTAB的响应．恢复时间分别为15和47 s。元件的灵敏度与所测气体的浓度呈线性关系。     

Fe2O3—SnO2复合气敏材料的气敏性能研究

本文采用共沉淀方法制备超微粒子原料粉,测试了不同配比材料的气敏灵敏度,并探讨了不同粒度的Fe_2O_3原料与气敏特性之间的关系,提出Fe_2O_3-SnO_2复合气敏材料的气敏机制属体控制与表面控制兼有的混合机制·Fe_2O_3-SnO_2,复合气敏材料,选用CuO掺杂,可制出对乙炔具有高选择性和灵敏度的气敏元件。     

氧化锡多晶电导的氧空位控制模型

SnO_2、ZnO等金属氧化物的气敏特性通常以它们在不同气氛中电导值的变化来体现。为弄清这类多晶材料及气敏元件电导变化的基本规律,本文根据表面势垒控制模型和晶界势垒控制模型讨论了氧空位密度对SnO_2多晶材料及气敏元件电导值的重要影响,并根据SnO_2多晶电导的氧空位控制模型,讨论了在不同烧结条件下元件电导的变化规律,并用X光电子能谱(XPS)对结果进行了分析。     

溶剂热法制备石墨烯/SnO2及其气敏性

采用溶剂热法制备了石墨烯/SnO_2(G/SnO_2)纳米材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等对G/SnO_2进行了表征,研究了石墨烯的量和溶剂热温度对该纳米材料气敏性能的影响。实验结果表明,石墨烯可以调节SnO_2晶体的生长:当石墨烯上清液的量为1 mL、热处理温度为160℃时,制备的G/SnO_2纳米材料在室温下对氨气具有较好的气敏选择性和较高的灵敏度;且当气体体积浓度为1 000μL·L~(-1)时,对NH3的灵敏度为266.4,检出限达到了0.01μL·L~(-1)。     

Au纳米颗粒负载SnO_2双层空心立方体的CO气敏性能

基于中空多孔微纳米结构的结构特点以及贵金属Au纳米颗粒的催化活化作用,制备了Au纳米颗粒负载的SnO_2双层空心立方体,其CO气敏性能比纯相SnO_2纳米结构显著增强.本文对纯相和Au负载SnO_2双层空心立方体的结构、形貌和气敏性能进行了研究,发现均匀负载的Au纳米颗粒未显著破坏SnO_2双层空心立方纳米结构.CO气敏性能研究结果表明,Au负载SnO_2在最佳工作温度(220℃)下对24.7 mg/m~3(20 ppm)CO气体的灵敏度可达20.9,明显高于纯相SnO_2的灵敏度.Au负载SnO_2对CO气敏特性的显著增强不仅归因于双层空心立方结构的特殊结构优点,还可以归因于负载的Au纳米颗粒的催化活化作用.     

SnO2、Ag/SnO2微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

在SnCl_2-H_2C_2O_4-PVP(聚乙烯吡络烷酮)-H_2O的水热体系中,180℃下反应10 h制备了粒径约为900 nm的四方结构的SnO_2微球。以SnO_2微球为基底,通过光还原法,制备了Ag/SnO_2复合微球。用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物进行结构表征,并提出了可能的化学反应。以酸性大红为例,研究了SnO_2微球和Ag/SnO_2复合物的光催化性能,结果表明,SnO_2微球和Ag/SnO_2复合物对酸性大红的降解均有一定的光催化效果,而且,Ag的复合可以有效提高SnO_2微球的光催化活性。     

SnO2超微粒薄膜上醇的催化氧化

等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)法可制备多孔柱状结构的SnO_2超微粒非晶薄膜,本文研究了薄膜在真空吸附体系中的膜电阻和IR谱随温度变化特性及乙二醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、乙醇和甲醇的气敏灵敏度,提出SnO_2薄膜上吸附氧O_2~-、O~-对醇的氧化机理 1实验与结果 自制PCVD装置抽空后充入40 Pa的O_2,加高频出现辉光,再充入CnCl_4使辉光转为蓝     

水热法合成SnO_2空心球及其对乙醇气敏性能研究

采用水热无模板法合成了SnO_2空心微球,研究了不同溶剂比例对材料形貌的影响。将制备的SnO_2空心球和实心球材料制备旁热式半导体传感器,并对乙醇气体的敏感性能进行研究。结果表明:当乙醇和水的比例达到2:3时,合成了SnO_2空心微球,尺寸约为1-2μm。气敏性能研究表明,在加热温度280℃,SnO_2空心球传感器对50 ppm乙醇的灵敏度达到9,是SnO_2实心球的灵敏度的3倍,且具有较短的响应时间,响应时间为4 s。     

Fast response speed of mechanically exfoliated MoS2 modified by PbS in detecting NO2

MoS₂, acting as a promising gas sensing material, has shown huge potential in monitoring of toxic and harmful gases at room temperature. However, MoS₂-based gas sensors still suffer from poor gas sensing performance such as poor sensitivity, long response time. Constructing the heterostructure is an effective approach to improve gas-sensing performance of MoS₂. Herein, PbS@MoS₂ composites synthesized by mechanical exfoliation combining with wet-chemical precipitation are used to investigate its performance in detecting NO₂ at room temperature. The response value of PbS@MoS₂ gas sensor against NO₂ is significantly improved compared with the pure MoS₂ gas sensor. At the same time, the modification with PbS also accelerates the response speed of MoS₂, and the response time is almost reduced by two orders of magnitude, from hundreds of seconds to less than ten seconds. The enhanced response value and fast response time are mainly benefited from the modulation effect of NO₂ to PbS@MoS₂ heterostructure and the mechanically exfoliated MoS₂ surface with few defects. This work can be expected to provide useful guidance for designing composite materials with excellent gas sensing properties.     

基于SnO2-CuO纳米纤维的薄膜型H2-S传感器研究

采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备了SnO2-CuO复合纳米纤维,采用提拉法将SnO2-CuO纳米纤维涂覆于印有梳状Au电极的氧化铝陶瓷管表面形成敏感薄膜,设计了一种新型薄膜式H2 S传感器。采用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱( XPS)表征SnO2-CuO纳米纤维的相组成和微观形貌,分析了敏感薄膜成分配比和厚度对硫化氢敏感机理和电化学特性。采用WS-30A型气敏元件分析仪测试了H2 S传感器敏感特性、温度特性、湿度特性、动态响应、抗干扰特性和稳定性。结果表明,以C50纳米纤维为敏感薄膜(膜厚为70 nm)的H2 S传感器,在温度为25℃, H2 S气体浓度为10~60 mg/L时,传感器线性度和灵敏度分别为92.3％和98.2％,响应最大值为1080,承受的最大相对湿度为95％,动态响应和恢复时间分别为4和12 s。此传感器对CO, NO2, SO2, NH3, CO2, CH4和H2等有害气体具有较好的抗干扰性。在矿井中连续使用12月后,响应衰减了9.2％,响应正常时间为10.9月。     

平面型乙醇快速响应气敏传感器的制备

采用水热法合成了纳米In₂O₃颗粒,将其旋涂于陶瓷基片上经氮化处理获得InN基片,再对InN基片进行氧化,合成出气敏材料并在一种微型平面电极片上制备了传感器件.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对材料的形貌、组成进行了表征与分析,结果表明,最终获得了松枝状结构的InN-In₂O₃纳米复合材料.对器件的气敏性能进行了测试,发现基于此材料制备的平面型气敏传感器对乙醇气体具有良好的气敏性能:检测浓度为1.025 mg/m³(500 ppb)的乙醇蒸汽的灵敏度可达18;检测2.05 mg/m³(1 ppm)的乙醇的响应-恢复时间最快仅为1 s;最佳工作温度低,仅为50℃.     

二氧化锡中空微球用于快速灵敏检测硫化氢

以氨基酚醛树脂球作模板,通过一种简单的模板法制备了具有中空微球(HMS)结构的二氧化锡;将其涂覆于氧化铝陶瓷管金电极表面,制得一种新型薄膜式硫化氢传感器.采用X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了材料的微观结构和形貌,并考察了二氧化锡中空微球(Sn O2HMS)的气敏性能.结果表明,二氧化锡中空微球对硫化氢气体表现出良好的气敏特性.在最佳工作温度(200℃)下,所制作的传感器对142.6 mg/m3硫化氢的响应值高达97.13%,响应时间为22 s.该传感器对硫化氢的响应线性范围为0.2852~142.6 mg/m3,相关系数为0.9931,检出限达到0.1549 mg/m3,且几乎不受环境湿度和温度的影响,具有良好的重现性和选择性.对养殖场中硫化氢气体连续监测10个月后,传感器响应信号衰减了5.4%,表明该传感器具有长期稳定的使用寿命,可实现远程监测的实际应用.     

Elucidating the Mechanism of Working SnO2 Gas Sensors Using Combined Operando UV/Vis,Raman, and IR Spectroscopy

SnO₂ is the most widely used metal oxide gas‐sensing material but a detailed understanding of its functioning is still lacking despite its relevance for applications. To gain new mechanistic insight into SnO₂ gas sensors under working conditions, we have developed an operando approach based on combined UV/Vis, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy, allowing us for the first time to relate the sensor response to the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide, the nature of the adsorbates, and the gas‐phase composition. We demonstrate with the example of ethanol gas sensing that the sensor resistance is directly correlated with the number of surface oxygen vacancies and the presence of surface species, in particular, acetate and hydroxy groups. Our operando results enable an assessment of mechanistic models proposed in the literature to explain gas sensor operation. Owing to their fundamental nature, our findings are of direct relevance also for other metal oxide gas sensors.     

聚苯胺基LB膜的制备及气敏特性的研究

以聚苯胺 (PAN)为原料 ,利用LB(Langmuir Blodgett)超薄分子膜技术 ,制备了不同层数的纯聚苯胺LB膜及聚苯胺与乙酸 (AA)混合 (PAN AA)LB膜 ,对其进行了紫外 可见光光谱分析研究 ,并对不同层数的聚苯胺基LB膜的二氧化氮 (NO2 )气敏特性进行了研究 ,发现PANLB膜较PAN AALB膜具有更好的敏感性、响应性和可逆性 ,3层和 15层PANLB膜对相对百分比为 2 0× 10 -6NO2 的响应时间分别为 10s和 30s,15层PANLB膜的恢复时间约为 4min     

Template Based Synthesis of Porous Graphdiyne Nanosheet for Reversible and Fast NO2 Detection by UV Irradiation

Two-dimensional graphdiyne (GDY) formed by sp and sp² hybridized carbon has been found to be an efficient toxic gas sensing material by density functional theory (DFT). However, little experimental research concerning its gas sensing capability has been reported owing to the complex preparation process and harsh experimental conditions. Herein, porous GDY nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile solvothermal synthesis technique by using CuO microspheres (MSs) as both template and source of catalyst. The porous GDY nanosheets exhibit a broadband optical absorption, rendering it suitable for the light-driven optoelectronic gas sensing applications. The GDY-based gas sensor was demonstrated to have excellent reversible to NO₂ behaviors at 25 °C for the first time. More importantly, higher response value and faster response-recovery time once exposed to NO₂ gas molecules are achieved by the illumination of UV light. In this way, our work paves the way for the exploration of GDY-based gas detection experimentally.     

Nanofibrous polyaniline thin film prepared by plasma‐induced polymerization technique for detection of NO2 gas

A nanofibrous polyaniline (PANI) thin film was fabricated using plasma‐induced polymerization method and explored its application in the fabrication of NO₂ gas sensor. The effects of substrate position, pressure, and the number of plasma pulses on the PANI film growth rate were monitored and an optimum condition for the PANI thin film preparation was established. The resulting PANI film was characterized with UV–visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PANI thin film possessed nanofibers with a diameter ranging from 15 to 20 nm. The NO₂ gas sensing behavior was studied by measuring the change in electrical conductivity of PANI film with respect to NO₂ gas concentration and exposure time. The optimized sensor exhibited a sensitivity factor of 206 with a response time of 23 sec. The NO₂ gas sensor using nanofibrous PANI thin film as sensing probe showed a linear current response to the NO₂ gas concentration in the range of 10–100 ppm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以磷酸型质子交换膜为固体电解质的定电位电解型气体传感器

SO2;以磷酸型质子交换膜为固体电解质的定电位电解型气体传感器