交河矿城古车师人的线粒体DNA分析

从距今2000－2500年左右的交河故城古代中提取古DNA，用4对重叠引物对线粒体基因组的调控区(363bp)进行了扩增及测序，线粒体基因组编码区的扩增片段用于限制性片段多样性分析。结果显示4个个体中具有3个DNA序列，其中来自不同墓穴的两个个体的序列相同，说明这两者间有密切的母系遗传关系。系统发育分析表明古车师的4个个体分散分布在现代新疆维吾尔人的序列之中。从这些结果可以初步得出结论，即古车师人群并不是一个同源群体，在早期铁器时代，欧亚人群的混合就已经存在了。     

新疆古代居民的遗传结构分析

新疆维吾尔自治区地处于古代东西方经贸、文化交流的大通道丝绸之路的中心地段 .这一地区的人群在人类学上呈现出东亚与欧洲之间的混合特征 .由于这一地区处于人际交叉地带 ,地理位置上无天然的屏障 ,且在历史上经历过多次的迁徙、混合和战争 ,仅仅从现代人的遗传特征和核酸序列来推测古代中亚各民族的起源和迁徙必然会受到这些历史过程的影响 ,而使用古 DNA来研究西域古代群体的遗传结构无疑是对这一问题的近距离考察 .本文通过对所采集的样本中的线粒体 DNA进行序列分析 ,为了解新疆各民族的起源、发展、融合与分化的历史轨迹提供了必…     

中国人群线粒体DNA部分突变位点的测定和意义

本文报道了一种简易的人体线粒体DNA(mtDNA)突变位点测定方法。这一方法以剑桥顺序为标准顺序。在确定不同限制酶的识别位置及其片段大小后,用不同限制酶对不同个体的酶切图谱作比较。在发现长度突变型后,利用已知限制酶识别顺序,确定人mtDNA剑桥顺序上所具有的潜在性突变位点。根据标准的剑桥顺序和被检酶切片段大小以及潜在性突变情况,估计出被检mtDNA发生突变的确切位置或大概位置。应用这一方法,我们对在中国汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族和回族人群中发现的六种 mtDNA变异型的突变位点进行了分析。     

人X染色体单拷贝序列的分离及鉴定的研究

本研究以人/鼠(CHO-K1)细胞总DNA为探针对人X染色体DNA文库进行了3轮筛选,单拷贝顺序的检出率为1.45％。其中DXFD52,71,73,75分别与一组含人X染色体及不含人X染色体的人/鼠杂种细胞DNA进行Southern杂交分析,确定DXFD52,71,73,75含人X染色体专性DNA顺序。采用染色体原位杂交的方法,将DXFD52精确定位于Xq12-q13。并对其进行了部分DNA顺序分析,结果证实DXFD52是人基因组中至今未被分离到的一个单拷贝DNA片段。继而对DXFD52进行限制性酶切图谱分析,并以其为探针在中国重庆地区正常人群中(随机个体38例、3个正常家系成员11例)进行了RFLP研究,发现该探针具有识别Hind Ⅲ,Bgl Ⅱ,Hinf Ⅰ的RFLP。     

毛细管电泳DNA片段多态性分析

对毛细管筛分电泳在ＤＮＡ片段多态性分析中的应用作了较为详细的论述,还对ＤＮＡ片段多态性研究的意义和作用进行了讨论。     

DNA片段分选微流控芯片发展现状

新一代测序速度越来越快,费用不断降低,但整个流程中还有不少瓶颈.最耗时且影响测序准确度和重复性的环节之一,就是在文库制备过程中,对打断的大量基因组DNA片段进行基于传统凝胶电泳的手工操作筛选.近几年市场上出现了几种目标片段自动分选仪器,并迅速被多家国际知名测序中心引入测试,从而引起了广泛关注.本文评述了DNA片段分选发展经历,包括凝胶电泳、毛细管电泳、特别是微流控芯片在分选精度和通量上的不断提升,并简要论述了DNA分选目前尚存在的问题.     

DNA甲基化修饰的定位分析方法研究进展

5?甲基胞嘧啶(5?Methylcytosine,5mC)作为DNA中研究最为广泛的表观遗传修饰,不改变基因的序列,但是可以调控基因表达,从而在生命体的生长、发育和疾病发生中发挥着重要作用.研究5mC的分布、变化及作用机制有助于加强对生命体活动本质的理解.阐明基因组DNA中5mC修饰的生物学功能主要依赖于精准破译其在基...     

甘露醇添加剂对毛细管无胶筛分电泳分离DNA的影响

在纤维素衍生物筛分体系中加入甘露醇添加剂大大提高了分离能力,在较低筛分剂浓度条件下可得到满意的分离。同时还对甘露醇影响分离的机理做出了解释。     

人的基因组及DNA序列分析：过去,现在及将来（下）

对ＤＮＡ序列分析方法如毛细管电泳、阵列毛细管电泳、超薄层板电泳作了详细评述。并对正在研究开发不用电泳分离的直接测序新技术和新方法，如质谱法、原子探针法（扫描隧道显微镜、原子力显微镜）、杂交法、流动式单分子荧光检测法等进行了评论。     

水稻线粒体DNA热变性的动力学研究

作为重要的细胞器之一，线粒体有其自身的遗传系统，它不仅有其自身的基因组，也有其独立的转录、翻译系统，甚至其使用的遗传密码也与核基因不同．线粒体DNA（mtDNA）对于线粒体本身的生物发生意义重大，尽管大多数线粒体蛋白是由细胞核基因组编码，但线粒体DNA仍有10％左右的     

Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA from the Ancient Tombs of Turfan

IntroductionIn general,inferences aboutpopulation historyare drawn from the studies of genetic diversity incontemporary populations.However,the retrievalof ancient DNA from archaeological remains holdsthe promise to add a temporal component to suchstudies. With the invention of polymerase chairreaction(PCR) ,significant amounts of geneticinformation can be recovered from ancient relic.The analysis of DNA from ancient bones can giveimportant implication for anthropology,archaeology and mole…     

Genetic Structure Analysis Khitan Noble of Human Remains from Necropolis

Ancient DNA was extracted from 13 skeletal remains from the burial groups of Khitan nobles, which were excavated in northeast China. The hypervariable segment Ⅰ sequences （ HVS Ⅰ ） of the mitochondrial DNA control region, in the 13 individuals, were used as genetic markers to determine the genetic relationships between the individuals and the genetic affinity to other interrelated populations by using the known database of mtDNA. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of these ancient DNA sequences, the genetic structures of two Khitan noble kindreds were obtained, including the Yel Yuzhi＇s kindred and the Xiao He＇s kindred. Furthermore, the relationships between the Khitan nobles and some modern interrelated populations were analyzed. On the basis of the result of the analysis, the gene flows of the ancient Khitans and their demographic expansion in history was deduced.     

Genetic Structure Analysis of Human Remains from Khitan Noble Necropolis

IntroductionInformation provided by ancient mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)has been regarded as one of the mostpowerful tools for understanding and reconstructing thepast from the genetic perspective[1].In recent years,molecular studies have been widely employed …     

Ancient DNA profiling by megaplex amplications

Simultaneous amplification of nine human short tandem repeat (STR) DNA sequences and the amelogenin locus allows reducing to an absolute minimum the amount of sample material that is necessary for genetic identification or kinship analysis. Valuable remains can be studied this way without any visible damage, as is demonstrated by typing the DNA of a tooth root from the Saxon warrior Widukind, who died about 1200 years ago. The broad applicability of the megaplex approach is shown by typing bone and teeth specimens ranging from a few months to 3000 years of age employing AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus. Additionally, megaplex STR typing is the method of choice for proving the authenticity of molecular results derived from ancient degraded DNA.     

Phylogenetic Analysis of mtDNA from the Ancient Human of Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia in China

Introduction TheabilitytoextractandanalyzeDNAfrom ancientremainshasarelativelyshorthistory.Early ancientDNA(aDNA)studiesconcentratedonitsnature ofphysicsandchemistryincludingdegradation,frag mentationandoxidationduringlongpreservation.The fieldwasrevoluti…     

DNA片段的质谱试验中各相关因素的影响分析

利用DNA片断的质谱试验数据,通过分析各相关因素对质谱响应值的影响度,确定了灰色关联分析方法应用于本试验的可行性。并对灰色关联分析、相关分析和回归分析的结果做了比较。结果表明在DNA片段的质谱试验中,应用灰色关联分析能得到满意的分析结果,它克服了相关分析和回归分析等对数据量的要求,是在类似试验中最适合的分析方法。     

DNA芯片技术与脱氧核糖核酸序列分析

人类基因组计划的实施,有力地促进了ＤＮＡ序列分析技术的发展。ＤＮＡ芯片综合运用了固相合成化学、照相平版印制技术以及激光共聚焦扫描等技术,能够同时扫描分析多基因乃至基因组,可广泛应用于基因的多态性分析、基因定位、表达水平的监测以及遗传病的诊断等领域,是对传统的ＤＮＡ分析技术的一次重大突破。本文介绍了ＤＮＡ芯片技术的基本原理并对其应用作一简要综述。     

Nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of sequence variability in ribosomal DNA expansion segments within the genus Trichinella (Nematoda: Adenophorea)

A nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) approach was employed to 'fingerprint' sequence variability in the expansion segment 5 (ES5) of domain IV and the D3 domain of nuclear ribosomal DNA within and/or among isolates and individual muscle (first-stage) larvae representing all currently recognized species/genotypes of Trichinella. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of the D3 sequence data set, employing three different tree-building algorithms, examined the relationships among all of them. These analyses showed strong support that the encapsulated species T. spiralis and T. nelsoni formed a group to the exclusion of the other encapsulated species T. britovi and its related genotypes Trichinella T8 and T9 and T. murrelli, and T. nativa and Trichinella T6, and strong support that T. nativa and Trichinella T6 grouped together. Also, these eight encapsulated members grouped to the exclusion of the nonencapsulated species T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis and the three representatives of T. pseudospiralis investigated. The findings showed that nonencapsulated species constitute a complex group which is distinct from the encapsulated species and supported the current hypothesis that encapsulated Trichinella group external to the nonencapsulated forms, in accordance with independent biological and biochemical data sets.     

高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法分析古陶瓷

以国家地质标准样品制作工作曲线,用粉末压片法制样,高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定古陶瓷中包括15种稀土元素在内的56种元素,通过对6个陶瓷胎标准样品分析,结果表明:钪、钒、锰、铬、锌、镓、锗、铷、锶、钇、锆、铌、镉、锡、铯、钡、镧、铈、镨、钕、钆、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钍、铀等28种痕量元素测定值均在参考值的不确定度3～4倍范围,其他痕量元素如镍、铜、钼、锑、钐、铕、铽、铪、铅、铋等10种元素合格率为50%～83%。钠、镁、钾、钙、铁的氧化物和钛等6个项目均在允许误差范围内。氯、硫、磷的合格率均为66.6%。二氧化硅和三氧化二铝测定值和波长色散X射线荧光光谱熔融法测定结果相比,绝对误差分别在0.95%～4.46%和0.60%～1.66%之间。