共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 468 毫秒
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分子马达是一类将化学能转化为机械能的微小机器. 对二维模型的研究表明, 非保守力在体系与外界能量交换中发挥重要作用. 四态模型较好地反映了马达力学化学过程的各个状态及相应的构象变化. Motor protein is a kind of small machines that convert chemical energy to mechanical works. It is revealed from the study of the two dimensional model that the non conservative impulsive force plays a significant role in the exchanging process of energy. A four state model characterizing the coupling of mechanical and chemical processes of molecular motor is also discussed. 相似文献
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生命在于运动,机体的一切活动,从肌肉收缩、细胞内部的运输、遗传物质(DNA)的复制、一直到细胞的分裂等等,追踪到分子水平,都是源于具有马达功能的蛋白质大分子做功推动的结果,因此它们称为分子马达或马达蛋白。到目前为止,已有上百种的分子马达被确定,它们在生物有机体内执行着各种各样的生物功能。分子马达都是沿着相应的蛋白丝运动,这些蛋白丝起着轨道的作用。对于真核细胞,最常见的为肌球蛋白马达(Myosin), 相似文献
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细胞维持生命就需要不断与外界进行物质交换,并且在细胞内部也频繁地进行着物质交换。细胞内部高度分化,由不同的细胞器(如细胞核,高尔基复合体等)组成,我们将细胞器比做“工厂”,每个工厂都有自己独一无二的“产品”(货物),细胞器是如何将产品分配给他们的“消费者”以及其他的工厂呢?在细胞内,运输货物的主要任务由分子马达(简称马达)家族中的肌球蛋白,驱动蛋白及动力蛋白来完成。马达完成运输的过程可分为三步:(1)识别货物并与货物结合;(2)沿着各自的“轨道”完成多个化学.力学循环,运输的过程中可能需要马达之间任务的交接;(3)将到达目的地时,识别目的地并将货物卸下。为了深入的介绍马达的调节机制,在内容上作了如下安排:1.介绍马达的基本概念及分类。2.介绍马达的结构及其运动特性。 相似文献
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生命体的一切活动,从肌肉收缩、细胞内部的运输、遗传物质(DNA)的复制、一直到细胞的分裂等等,追踪到分子水平,都是源于具有马达功能的蛋白质大分子做功的结果,它们称为分子马达(molecular motor)。具体到细胞内的物质运输,生物体主要依靠两种细胞骨架系统——微管和微丝,以及与之相关的马达蛋白。微管、微丝和马达蛋白组成的系统就好比细胞内的交通网络,不断进行着货物的运输,动力由三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水解所产生的能量来提供,其运转效率比一般的马达高得多,有的甚至接近100%。长距离的胞内运输主要是由沿微管运动的驱动蛋白(kinesin)和动力蛋白(dynein)承担,而短距离的运输可能需要在微丝上运动的肌球蛋白(myosin)。 相似文献
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Myosin V and myosin VI are two classes of two-headed molecular motors of the myosin superfamily that move processively along helical actin filaments in opposite directions. Here we present a hand-over-hand model for their processive movements. In the model, the moving direction of a dimeric molecular motor is automatically determined by the relative orientation between its two heads at free state and its head‘s binding orientation on track filament.This determines that myosin V moves toward the barbed end and myosin VI moves toward the pointed end of actin.During the moving period in one step, one head remains bound to actin for myosin V whereas two heads are detached for myosin VI: the moving manner is determined by the length of neck domain. This naturally explains the similar dynamic behaviours but opposite moving directions of myosin VI and mutant myosin V (the neck of which is truncated to only one-sixth of the native length). Because of different moving manners, myosin VI and mutant myosin V exhibit significantly broader step-size distribution than native myosin V. However, all the three motors give the same mean step size of -36nm (the pseudo-repeat of actin helix). All these theoretical results are in agreement with previous experimental ones. 相似文献
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In this review we investigate the rotation effect in the motion of coupled dimer in a two-dimensional asymmetric periodic potential. Free rotation does not generate directed transport in translational direction, while we find it plays an critical role in the motors motility when the dimer moves under the effect of asymmetry ratchet potential. In the presence of external force, we study the relation between the average current and the force numerically and theoretically. The numerical results show that only appropriate driving force could produce nonzero current and there are current transitions when the force is large enough. An analysis of stability analysis of limit cycles is applied to explain the occurrence of these transitions. Moreover, we numerically simulate the transport of this coupled dimer driven by the random fluctuations in the rotational direction. The existence of noise smooths the current transitions induced by the driving force and the resonance-like peaks which depend on the rod length emerge in small noise strength. Thanks to the noise in the rotational direction, autonomous motion emerges without the external force and large noise could make the current reversal happen. Eventually, the new mechanism to generate directed transport by the rotation is studied. 相似文献
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Molecular motor cycles are studied in the framework of stochastic ratchets in which the motor moves along a 1-dimensional track, can attain M internal states, and can undergo transitions between these levels at K spatial positions. These ratchets can be mapped onto a stochastic network of KM discrete states. The network is governed by a Master equation, fulfills a vertex rule, and satisfies detailed balance in the absence of enzymatic activity and external force. Any pathway of the motor cycle which leads to a forward or backward step of the motor corresponds to a certain sequence of transitions spanning this network. The dependence of the motor velocity on the transition rates can be determined for arbitrary values of K and M and exhibits some simple and universal features. 相似文献
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Conceptual principles for operation of a molecular motor stipulate that such a species must consist of an energy‐consuming catalyst that exhibits within its mechanism temporal overlap of successive catalytic cycles, so as to induce irreversible intramolecular motion during operation. The exothermic hydration reaction of MeCOCHCNCMe3 brought about by catalyst HO2CCH2OCMe(CO2H)2 qualifies as such a process, in the form of serial conversion between canonical carboxylic anhydride structures within the catalyst. The steady‐state kinetic behavior and inactivation by methanol demonstrate the operation of an appropriate repetitive catalytic loop in this case. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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根据有关分子马达的重要实验结果,明确指出分子马达的运动过程是一个化学、电学、力学3种过程互相耦合的生物学过程。主要介绍有关kinesin的力产生机制的研究现状以及在这方面的研究。On the basis of the important experimental results of molecular motors, it was polnted out that the moving process of molecular motors is a coupling biological process of chemical-electrical-mechanical processes. This clever mechanism of energy conversion on the molecular level with several processes coupled together had never been observed before. The understanding of this new mechanism is an important step towards the understanding of life and an important content of what we can learn from life. We introduced here the status of the investigations on the mechanism for the force generation of kinesin and the studies of the authors in this field 相似文献
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Operation of a laser-driven nano-motor inevitably generates a non-trivial amount of heat, which can possibly lead to instability or even hinder the motor's continual running. This work quantitatively examines the overheating problem for a recently proposed laser-operated molecular locomotive. We present a single-molecule cooling theory, in which molecular details of the locomotive system are explicitly treated. This theory is able to quantitatively predict cooling efficiency for various candidates of molecular systems for the locomotive, and also suggests concrete strategies for improving the locomotive's cooling. It is found that water environment is able to cool the hot locomotive down to room temperature within 100 picoseconds after photon absorption. This cooling time is a few orders of magnitude shorter than the typical time for laser operation, effectively preventing any overheating for the nano-locomotive. However, when the cooling is less effective in non-aqueous environment, residual heat may build up. A continuous running of the motor will then lead to a periodic thermodynamics, which is a common character of many laser-operated nano-devices. 相似文献
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驱动蛋白马达在实验和理论上已被进行了广泛的研究. 然而, 其行进运动的微观机理仍未确定. 在本文中我们基于化学、力学和电学耦合提出了一个交臂模型来描述这种行进运动. 在该模型中,驱动蛋白两个头的ATP水解化学反应速率由作用在其颈上的力(包括内部弹性力和外部负荷)来调控. 在低外部负荷情况下, 驱动蛋白的后头的ATP水解化学反应速率远大于前头的速率, 因而两个头在ATP水解化学反应和力学周期循环中是协调的且马达以每步消耗一个ATP的方式的行走. 在大的前向负荷情况下, 两个头的ATP水解化学反应速率变得可比拟, 因而两个头在ATP水解化学反应和力学周期循环中不再很好地协调. 该模型与驱动蛋白的结构研究结果以及ATP水解化学反应路径一致. 利用此模型所估算的驱动力(约5.8 pN)与实验结果(5~7.5 pN)一致. 所估算的每步中的运动时间(约10)也与实验测量值(0~50)符合. 解释了已观察到的每步(8nm)分为两个半步的现象. 所得到的运动速度-负荷曲线与已有的实验结果一致. 相似文献
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A non-Markov ratchet model of molecular motors:processive movement of single-headed kinesin KIF1A
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A fluctuating ratchet model of non-Markov process is presented to describe the processive movement of molecular motors of single-headed kinesin KIF1A,where the fluctuation perturbation to the local potential is introduced and the detailed ATPase pathway of the motor is included. The theoretical results show good quantitative agreement with the previous experimental ones. 相似文献