Catalytic oxidation of methane over Pd/Co3O4

The catalytic activity of Pd/Co₃O₄ toward methane oxidation has been examined in this study as a function of Pd loading, reaction temperature, space velocity and methane concentration in the reaction gas mixture. The bare oxide is quite active achieving a 100% methane conversion at 480°C under the reaction conditions used. The catalyst with the highest Pd loading tested of 10 wt.% yields the best activity curve, but the 5 wt.% Pd/Co₃O₄ catalyst performs nearly as well. Complete conversion for this catalyst is attained at 300°C and the activity remains stable over a 90-min test period.     

Preparation and Characterization of Single-Phase Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ

Single-phase perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ has been successfully prepared by using citrate-EDTA complexation method at relatively low calcination temperature. The structure and thermal decomposition process of the complex precursor have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry-thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) measurements. The precursor decomposed completely and started to form perovskite-type oxide above 420℃ according to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results. Single-phase perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ obtained has been confirmed from the XRD pattern, and no peak of SrCO3 was found by XR.D of the oxides synthesized at a relatively low temperature of 800 ℃. The reducibility of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ was also characterized by the temperature programmed reduction (TPR) technique. Disk shaped dense La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ membrane was prepared by the isostatical pressing method. The oxygen flux rate of dense La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ membrane was (2.8-18)×10-8 mol/(cm2·s) in the temperature range of 800-1 000℃.     

Ag对Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3催化氧化甲醇性能的影响

采用等体积共浸渍法制备了一系列Pd-Ag/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3催化剂。运用N2吸附-脱附,X射线衍射(XRD),H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行表征,并考察其对甲醇的催化氧化性能。活性测试结果表明,Ag的添加可显著改善Pd催化剂对甲醇的催化氧化活性,T50、T90以及ΔT分别为125℃,150℃和25℃,具有较好的应用前景。H2-TPR表明,引入Ag可明显改善催化剂的还原性能,使表面易还原氧物种量增多,还原速率加快;UV-Vis DRS及XPS表明,Pd、Ag金属之间以及金属与载体之间存在电子效应,这种效应促使金属与载体界面产生大量具有活性的氧物种,不仅提高了催化剂的低温活性,还提高了催化剂的氧化速率。     

阴极材料LaFe0.8-xCuxNi0.2O3的合成和烧结性能

LaFe_0.8-xCu_xNi_0.2O₃ (x=0.0~0.2) (LFCN), a new cathode material of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), was synthesized by Co-precipitation method using sodium bicarbonate. The lattice structures of samples with different x contents were characterized by XRD. Porosity and density of the porous LaFe_0.8-xCu_xNi_0.2O₃ (x=0.0~0.1) as a function of sintering temperature were investigated. It was found that the orthorhombic structure could be formed after calcination at 900 ℃ for 4 h. The particle size of LFCN was about 350 nm. The density of the porous LFCN increased with sintering temperature, but the opposite was true for the porosity. On the other hand, at the same sintering temperature, the porosity of LaFe_0.8-xCu_xNi_0.2O₃ (x=0.0~0.1) decreased with increasing x contents. It is indicated that the dopant of Cu on LaFe_0.8Ni_0.2O₃ can facilitate the sintering of the materials. After sintering at 1 100 ℃ for 4 h, the porous LaFe_0.7Cu_0.1Ni_0.2O₃ was still with appropriate structure, and its porosity was 29%.     

Characterization of PdO/Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 catalysts for carbon monoxide and methane oxidation

The Ce_0.8Y_0.2O_1.9 solid solution was prepared by nitrate sol–gel method, and a series of catalysts with different PdO loading were prepared using impregnation method. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, CO-TPR, CO₂- and O₂-TPD techniques. The PdO is highly dispersed on the surface of the solid solution when the loading is lower than 0.5 wt.%. As PdO loading increases to 2 wt.%, it begins to form the crystalline structure. CO₂-TPD profiles show that the CO adsorbed on highly dispersed PdO is more easily oxidized to CO₂ than that adsorbed on crystalline structure and O₂-TPD results indicate that it is more difficult to decompose for highly dispersed PdO than that for crystalline structure. CO-TPR profiles show that the highly dispersed PdO is easily reduced. Catalytic activities of these catalysts for CO and CH₄ oxidation indicate that both the highly dispersed and crystalline PdO are the active site for CO oxidation, while the crystalline structure is the active site for CH₄ oxidation.     

Co3O4/CeO2 CO氧化的原位红外光谱研究

采用沉淀氧化法制备了Co₃O₄/CeO₂催化剂。分别在干、湿条件下进行了一氧化碳氧化反应研究。运用FT-IR表征手段,在钴铈复合氧化物上进行了CO吸附及CO/O₂共吸附研究。结果表明,与纯的Co₃O₄样品相比,Co₃O₄/CeO₂具有明显的抗湿气能力。Co₃O₄/CeO₂催化剂在进行CO氧化时,表面形成了类碳酸盐物种。当环境温度低于453 K时,催化剂上类碳酸盐的生成与形成类碳酸盐物种后受热分解存在着动态平衡。当环境温度高于493 K,催化剂上生成的类碳酸盐物全部受热分解。氧化铈的加入提高了催化剂的抗湿气性能。较小粒径的Co₃O₄与CeO₂产生的强相互作用可使CeO₂向Co₃O₄提供氧,因而间接提供了CO氧化需要的氧。     

梯度材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的合成与表征

The gradient composite LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ was synthesized using spherical Ni(OH)₂ particle coated by a sol-gel containing cobalt and lithium. The precursor was examined by DSC-TG. The gradient composite was characterized by SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD and ICP-AES. The XPS, EDS and ICP-AES results show that content of cobalt in the surface is higher than in the center of the spherical particle of the gradient composite. The first discharge specific capacity of the gradient composite sintered at 700 ℃ is 187.3 mAh·g^-1.     

SO2对La0.8K0.2Cu0.05Mn0.95O3钙钛矿催化剂氧化碳烟的影响

采用柠檬酸配位法制备K、Cu掺杂的Lu0.8K0.2Cu0.05Mn0.95O3钙钛矿催化剂,运用程序升温氧化(TPO)考察在不同浓度SO2气氛下La0.8K0.2Cu0.05Mn0.95O3催化剂催化氧化模拟碳黑的性能,并用XRD、FFIR和XPS等进行表征.结果表明,催化剂在0～0.1%的SO2气氛中呈现出不同活性,φSO2≤0.05%的气氛可促进催化剂催化氧化碳黑的活性,当φSO2=0303%,催化剂活性最高;引入φSO2≥0.06%时催化剂活性明显下降.XPS说明表面活性氧的增加是低浓度的SO2促进催化活性的原因,同时XRD、FTIR结果表明高浓度的SO2所产生的大量SO42-是抑制催化剂活性的原因.     

三维有序大孔钙钛矿型氧化物LaFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3的合成及甲烷化学链水蒸气重整性能

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,通过自组装得到排列均匀有序的聚苯乙烯(PS)胶晶模板,然后经过浸渍和煅烧得到三维有序大孔(3DOM)钙钛矿型氧化物LaFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射等手段对制备的3DOM钙钛矿型氧化物LaFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3的物理化学性能进行表征。在固定床反应器上考察3DOM LaFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3的甲烷化学链水蒸气重整性能。结果表明,聚苯乙烯(PS)微球粒径受苯乙烯单体使用量的影响,随着苯乙烯单体使用量的增加聚苯乙烯(PS)微球粒径呈增大的趋势;煅烧温度对三维有序大孔结构有显著影响,浸渍后模板在500℃煅烧下即能形成三维有序大孔结构比表面积达到19.820 m2/g,随着煅烧温度的升高三维有序大孔结构遭到部分破坏,在900℃煅烧下三维有序大孔结构遭到完全破坏。在氧载体与甲烷的反应前期,气体产物中CO2含量较高,是表面吸附氧将甲烷完全氧化所致,在表面吸附氧消耗完后体相晶格氧将甲烷部分氧化生成H2与CO。在水蒸气氧化阶段,水蒸气与还原态的氧载体发生反应生成氢气,产氢率为4.0-5.0 mmol/g。同时水蒸气氧化阶段气相产物中CO和CO2含量很低,说明3DOM LaFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3具有优秀的抗积炭性能。     

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas over Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst with plasma enhanced activity

A novel Ni-Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst for partial oxidation of methane has been prepared by glow discharge treatment followed by calcination thermally. The catalyst prepared exhibits better activity and selectivity. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over Au/Fe2O3 preparations

Low temperature catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide has been studied over Au/Fe₂O₃. On the coprecipitated samples the catalytic activity shows a maximum at a gold content of about 5%. Calcination of Au/Fe₂O₃ decreases the catalytic activity and the stability. The catalytic activity measured is the highest ever reported in the literature on Au/Fe₂O₃ preparations.     

(La0.8A0.2)MnO3 (A = Sr,K) perovskite catalysts for NO and C10H22 oxidation and selective reduction of NO by C10H22

In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO₃ and (La_0.8A_0.2)MnO₃ (A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C₁₀H₂₂ and selective reduction of NO by C₁₀H₂₂. The catalytic performances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C₁₀H₂₂ oxidation compared with the non-substituted LaMnO₃ sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption: (1) a domain corresponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 ℃ and (2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 ℃. For the Sr-substituted perovskite, the maximum NO₂ yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 ℃). In the reactant mixture of NO/C₁₀H₂₂/O₂/H₂O/He, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst： NO₂ yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 ℃, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr²⁺ cation and Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ redox couple. Thus, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.     

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 / MWNTs复合物超级电容器电极材料的研究

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were used as the conductive additive in the electrode materials. The electrochemical properties of supercapacitors based on LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ / MWNTs composite and LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂/acetylene black composite and MWNTs in 1.0 mol·L^-1 LiClO₄ / EC+DEC [V(EC)∶V(DEC)=1∶1] electrolyte were investigated by means of constant charge/discharge current tests, respectively. The experimental results show that the LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ / MWNTs composite has better performance than that of others, and the maximum specific capacitance of the supercapacitor can reach 271.6 F·g^-1, while the energy density is up to 339.5 Wh·kg^-1. Furthermore, it is remarkable that the performance of MWNTs is better than that of acetylene black as the conductive additive.     

Significant enhancement in water resistance of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst for benzene oxidation by Na addition

Appropriate Na addition led to the formation of well-dispersed metallic Pd particles, which facilitated oxygen adsorption. Proper Na addition further promoted the transformation of absorbed water into liable surface oxygen species and improved the mobility of the lattice oxygen species, which contributed to enhanced catalytic activity and water resistance.     

LaCoO3对H2S选择氧化性能的影响

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LaCoO₃催化剂,采用XRD、BET和XPS等方式对催化剂进行了表征,考察了该催化剂制备过程中煅烧温度、表面活性剂PEG-6000和PEG-20000含量对其H₂S选择氧化制硫磺反应催化活性的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂PEG-6000及PEG-20000的添加能明显提高LaCoO₃的催化活性。0.02 mol La（NO₃）₃+0.02mol Co（NO₃）₂溶液中添加0.30 g PEG-20000、煅烧温度为650℃时所制备的LaCoO₃催化活性最好;在最佳反应温度260℃下,H₂S的转化率达到96.10%,硫选择性为93.77%。     

负载型钙钛矿La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/SBA-15催化燃烧甲苯的研究

采用逐层负载-孔道内氨/水蒸气原位羟化法制备了一系列负载型钙钛矿La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃/SBA-15催化剂,用XRD、BET、TG-DTG、XPS、H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂的物性结构等进行了表征,并在常压连续流动固定床反应器上评价了该催化剂对甲苯催化燃烧的催化性能。结果表明,逐层负载-孔道内氨/水蒸气原位羟化法的使用有助于活性组分La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃进入SBA-15的孔道,并在SBA-15上形成钙钛矿结构。La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃/SBA-15上钙钛矿结构的形成和晶格氧的出现,可为催化剂提供较多的活性中心,有利于其催化燃烧甲苯的活性。     

Dehydrogenation of propane to propene over phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 supported Ga2O3

Dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂ was investigated over gallium oxide catalysts supported on phosphorus-modified HZSM-5. The stability of the catalyst improves with an increase in P-loading, due to the decrease in the acid strength and number of strong acid sites of the catalyst.     

Total oxidation of chlorinated hydrocarbons on LaMnO3 perovskite type catalyst

The total oxidation of CH₃Cl, CH₂Cl₂ and ClH₂C-CH₂Cl has been investigated on a LaMnO₃ perovskite type catalyst. Depending on the reaction temperature, a reversible deactivation of the catalyst was observed. Small amounts of by-products were formed at low reaction temperatures.     

n -Heptane oxidation over co3o4-ceo2 catalyst

The present study reports the catalytic behavior of Co₃O₄-CeO₂ in the oxidation of n-heptane. The results obtained showed that the catalyst give good activity in n-heptane oxidation with high selectivity to carbon dioxide. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CO oxidation over Co3O4/SiO2 catalysts: Effects of porous structure of silica and catalyst calcination temperature

The catalytic performances of Co3O4/SiO2 catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation for CO oxidation were investigated using three kinds of silica as carriers with different pore sizes of 7.7, 14.0 and 27.0 nm. The effects of calcination temperature on the catalyst surface and micro structure properties as well as catalytic performance for the oxidation of carbon monoxide were also studied. All catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, FTIR, H2-TPR and O2-TPD. It was found that the properties and crystal size of cobalt-containing species strongly depended on the pore size of silica carrier. While the silica pore size increased from 7.7 to 27.0 nm, the Co3O4 crystal size increased from 8.5 to 13.5 nm. Moreover, it was demonstrated that if the spinel crystal structure of Co3O4 was obtained at a calcination temperature as low as 150 ℃, the catalyst sample would have a high Co3O4 surface dispersion and a increase of surface active species, and thus exhibit a high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide.