Solution of a dual integral equation for crack and indentation problems

Using the Sonine integrals, some dual integral equations with the Bessel kernels were reduced to a single integral equation. Then the closed form solutions of these dual integral equations were obtained. Based on the method, the anti-plane shear of an elastic layer was solved exactly.     

Uniqueness for plane crack problems in linear elastostatics

Summary This paper contains a proof of the uniqueness of solution to the traction boundary value problem in linear elastostatics for a bounded domain containing a crack. Attention is restricted to the two-dimensional case, but the elastic material considered need not be homogeneous or isotropic. In addition to the hypotheses assumed in the standard uniqueness theorem of Kirchhoff, it is required that the displacement field be bounded near the crack tips.

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Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Beweis für die Eindeutigkeit der Lösung der Traktionsrandwertaufgabe in der zweidimensionalen linearen Elastostatik für ein beschränktes Bereich das einen Riss enthält.

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The results communicated in this paper were obtained in the course of an investigation partially supported by Contract N00014-67-A-0094-0020 of the California Institute of Technology with the Office of Naval Research in Washington, D.C.     

New integral equation for plane elasticity crack problems

In the usual formulation of singular equation approach for crack problems in plane elasticity [1,2], if one changes the right-hand term of the integral equation from tractions to resultant forces, a new integral equation can be obtained and is presented in this paper. The newly obtained integral equation has a log singular kernel. Interpolation equation for the dislocation functions (the undetermined functions in the integral equations) is proposed. Numerical examination is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the present technique, and a number of numerical examples are given.     

An effective boundary element method for analysis of crack problems in a plane elastic plate

A simple and effective boundary element method for stress intensity factor calculation for crack problems in a plane elastic plate is presented. The boundary element method consists of the constant displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements proposed by YAN Xiangqiao. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip displacement discontinuity element was placed locally at the corresponding left or right each crack tip on top of the constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. Test examples (i. e. , a center crack in an infinite plate under tension, a circular hole and a crack in an infinite plate under tension) are included to illustrate that the numerical approach is very simple and accurate for stress intensity factor calculation of plane elasticity crack problems. In addition, specifically, the stress intensity factors of branching cracks emanating from a square hole in a rectangular plate under biaxial loads were analysed. These numerical results indicate the present numerical approach is very effective for calculating stress intensity factors of complex cracks in a 2-D finite body, and are used to reveal the effect of the biaxial loads and the cracked body geometry on stress intensity factors.     

An extension of generalized plane stress for problems with out-of-plane restraint

The standard concept of generalized plane stress is extended to obtain a new mathematical model for studying the effect of local out-of-plane displacement restraint on the in-plane stresses and displacements in thin plates. It is pointed out how this model may be used by the photoelastician, whose otherwise plane-stress experiment introduces an unavoidable out-of-plane restraint condition in the model, to obtain some estimate of the deviation to be expected between the results of his experiment and the actual plane-stress solution of the problem. In this way, the model may be applied to aid in the interpretation of a large class of two-dimensional photoelastic analyses involving the determination of stresses near rigid inclusions and rigid boundaries. The extended model is then applied to the problem of an annular disk subjected to thermal shrinkage and completely restrained at its outer boundary. In view of the simplicity of the model, the predicted radial and circumferential stress distributions agree remarkably well with existing photoelastic data. In contrast, results obtained from standard generalized plane-stress theory, which cannot account for the out-of-plane displacement restraint at the outer boundary, show substantial deviation from experimental values, especially near the restrained boundary.     

Uniqueness for plane crack problems in dipolar gradient elasticity and in couple-stress elasticity

The present work deals with the uniqueness theorem for plane crack problems in solids characterized by dipolar gradient elasticity. The theory of gradient elasticity derives from considerations of microstructure in elastic continua [Mindlin, R.D., 1964. Micro-structure in linear elasticity. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 16, 51–78] and is appropriate to model materials with periodic structure. According to this theory, the strain-energy density assumes the form of a positive-definite function of the strain (as in classical elasticity) and the second gradient of the displacement (additional term). Specific cases of the general theory employed here are the well-known theory of couple-stress elasticity and the recently popularized theory of strain-gradient elasticity. These cases are also treated in the present study. We consider an anisotropic material response of the cracked plane body, within the linear version of gradient elasticity, and conditions of plane-strain or anti-plane strain. It is emphasized that, for crack problems in general, a uniqueness theorem more extended than the standard Kirchhoff theorem is needed because of the singular behavior of the solutions at the crack tips. Such a theorem will necessarily impose certain restrictions on the behavior of the fields in the vicinity of crack tips. In standard elasticity, a theorem was indeed established by Knowles and Pucik [Knowles, J.K., Pucik, T.A., 1973. Uniqueness for plane crack problems in linear elastostatics. J. Elast. 3, 155–160], who showed that the necessary conditions for solution uniqueness are a bounded displacement field and a bounded body-force field. In our study, we show that the additional (to the two previous conditions) requirement of a bounded displacement-gradient field in the vicinity of the crack tips guarantees uniqueness within the general form of the theory of dipolar gradient elasticity. In the specific cases of couple-stress elasticity and pure strain-gradient elasticity, the additional requirement is less stringent. This only involves a bounded rotation field for the first case and a bounded strain field for the second case.     

Dynamic meshless method applied to nonlocal crack problems

The dynamic meshless methods for local and nonlocal field theories are formulated in this paper. Application to two crack problems is presented. The meshless method of local theory gives solution that is in good agreement with the classical analytical crack tip solution, while the nonlocal theory yields a solution without stress singularity at the crack tip. The numerical results also show the embedded nonlocal nature of meshless methods.     

Fully plastic crack problems: The center-cracked strip under plane strain

Crack problems are formulated for solids characterized by a pure power hardening relation between the stresses and the strains. For such problems there are simple functional relationships between the amplitude of the dominant crack-tip singularity, as measured by the path-independent J-integral, and the applied load, the load point displacement, and the crack opening displacement. The solutions are valid for both incremental and deformation theories of plasticity; they also apply to problems involving steady-state creep. Numerical results are presented for the center-cracked strip of finite width under plane strain conditions. A preliminary discussion is given of the applicability of the solutions to large scale yielding fracture mechanics.     

Method of solving problems of a plane crack which is nearly circular

Kiev Institute of Civil Aeronautical Engineering. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 99–104, July, 1989.     

An upper-bound analysis for frictionless TCAP process

Tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP) process was proposed recently as a novel severe plastic deformation technique for producing ultrafine grain and nanostructured tubular components. In this paper, an upper-bound approach was used to analyze the TCAP process. Deformation of the material during TCAP process is analyzed using upper-bound analysis to determine maximum required load. The effects of TCAP parameters such as channel and curvature angles, deformation ratio (R ₁/R ₂) and tube material on the process pressure were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the second channel angle and decrease in the ratio R ₁/R ₂ lead to lower process loads. In the first and third curvature angles ranging from 25 to 65°, the required load remains almost constant. The apparent punch load decrease when hardening exponent n is increased. To verify the theoretical results, the finite element (FE) modeling was employed. Good agreement was observed between the predicted pressure from upper-bound analysis and FE results.     

一种新型三角形裂尖单元及其在结构裂纹分析中的应用

构造了一种适合边界元分析裂纹问题的三角形单元,该单元中的形函数包含两部分,主要部分用于捕捉裂纹尖端上位移分布的陡峭特性(性质),另一部分为常规的拟合函数,体现裂纹尖端位置附近的物理量在其他方向上的连续分布。形函数主要部分的构造充分利用了已有理论研究获得的结论,在裂纹表面,随着距离远离尖端,位移分布与■函数保持同阶变化。在传统形函数的基础上,通过先乘以一项同阶于■的变量项,再在系数中将其在形函数所在点上的值除去,便得到新型的用于拟合裂纹尖端附近位移和面力分布的形函数。新的形函数能够满足形函数的delta性质,但归一性不再满足,因此,新的形函数只用于物理量的拟合,而几何量的拟合依然采用传统方案。通过对偶边界元方法计算裂纹尖端的张开位移后,利用一种位移外插方法计算获得应力强度因子。数值算例关注了一种无限域内的圆盘裂纹,应用新构造的三角形单元于对偶边界元中计算结构在受到斜拉力时裂纹尖端的三种应力强度因子。通过与参考解进行对比,验证了该插值方案用于对偶边界元分析裂纹问题时的正确性和高精度。     

Dynamic crack propagation along a weakly bonded plane in a polymer

Dynamic crack propagation speeds along the weakly jointed interfaces of PMMA and Homalite-100 were determined experimentally. These speeds were found to be highly dependent on the bonding strength and on the magnitude of the applied impulsive loads. As applied loads increase, the maximal speed was found to approach asymptotically the Rayleigh wave velocity of the material. Paper was presented at the 1985 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Las Vegas, NV on June 9–14.     

Basic results for elastic fracture mechanics with frictionless contact between the crack lips

Some previous works have been devoted to problems of elastic fracture mechanics with frictionless unilateral contact between the crack lips, and especially to the asymptotic expression of the displacement and stress fields near the tip of a closed, ordinary or interface crack. However, not all energetic aspects of a general theory of such problems have been explored. Such features are developed here. The topics investigated include a thermodynamic analysis of a growing closed crack, leading in a natural way to some Griffith-like criterion, stiffness and compliance formulae for the energy release rate, with an appealing example, and another nice example of application of Rice's integral and Irwin's formula. It appears that in spite of the inherent non-linearity of the problems envisaged, most classical results of LEFM can be transposed to them, with some relatively minor adaptations. This is essentially due to the hypothesis of absence of friction.     

二维非局部线弹性平面问题的辛分析

将二维非局部线弹性理论引入到Hamilton体系下,基于变分原理推导得出了二维线弹性理论的对偶方程和相应的边界条件.在分析验证对偶方程的准确性的基础上,该套方法被应用于二维弹性平面波问题的求解.将精细积分与扩展的W-W算法相结合在Hamilton体系下建立了求解平面Rayleigh波的数值算法.从推导到计算的保辛性确保了辛体系非局部理论与算法的准确性.通过对不同算例的数值计算,分析和对比了非局部理论方法与传统局部理论方法的差别,并进一步指出了该套算法的适用性和优势所在.     

Rapid extension of a crack

Summary For a body which is initially in a state of uniform anti-plane shear, the wave motion generated by a rapidly extending crack is analyzed in this paper. It is shown that extension with constant speeds of the crack tips is not consistent with the criterion for brittle fracture, but it is consistent with a fracture criterion related to postulated zones of cohesive tractions near the crack tips.

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Zusammenfassung Anbringen eines Lochs in einem gespannten Körper kann die Entstchung eines rasch sich ausbreitenden Risses veranlassen. In dieser Arbeit wird für einen Körper, der sich ursprünglich in einem Zustand gleichförmiger Schubspannung befand, die durch einen in schneller Ausbreitung begriffenen Riß verursachte Wellenbewegung untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß eine Ausbreitung mit konstanten Geschwindigkeiten der Rißenden nicht verträglich ist mit dem Kriterium für Sprödbruch, wohl aber mit einem Bruchkriterium, das mit postulierten Zonen kohäsiver Zugspannungen in der Nähe der Rißenden zusammenhängt.

     

Fracture analysis of mode III crack problems for the piezoelectric bimorph

In this paper, a symplectic method based on the Hamiltonian system is proposed to analyze the interfacial fracture in the piezoelectric bimorph under anti-plane deformation. A set of Hamiltonian governing equations is derived from the Hamiltonian function by introducing dual variables of generalized displacements and stresses which can be expanded in series in terms of the symplectic eigensolutions. With the aid of the adjoint symplectic orthogonality, coefficients of the series are determined by the boundary conditions along the crack faces and along the external geometry. The stress\electric displacement intensity factors and energy release rates (G) directly relate to the first few terms of the nonzero eigenvalue solutions. The two ideal crack boundary conditions, namely the electrically impermeable and permeable crack assumptions, are considered. Numerical examples including the complex mixed boundary conditions are considered to show fracture behaviors of the interface crack and discuss the influencing factors.     

The analysis of crack problems with non-local elasticity

IntroductionTheclassicalconhnuummechanicshasbeenusedtosolvemanyproblemsinmacrofracturemechanics,butencountersdifficulheswhentheeffectofITilcrocharacteristicdimensionshouldbetakenintoaccount.Thestressfieldverynearthecracktipisstillnotclear.Somephenomenaofshortcrackscannotbeexplained["']andsomemechanismoffracturehasnotbeensolvedyet.Thenon-localelashcitytheoryseemsattractivetotheseproblems.Thetheoryofnon-localelasticity,establishedanddevelopedbyEringenetal[3),connectstheclassicalcontinuummechan…     

Dynamic solution of a multilayered orthotropic piezoelectric hollow cylinder for axisymmetric plane strain problems

The dynamic solution of a multilayered orthotropic piezoelectric infinite hollow cylinder in the state of axisymmetric plane strain is obtained. By the method of superposition, the solution is divided into two parts: one is quasi-static and the other is dynamic. The quasi-static part is derived by the state space method, and the dynamic part is obtained by the separation of variables method coupled with the initial parameter method as well as the orthogonal expansion technique. By using the obtained quasi-static and dynamic parts and the electric boundary conditions as well as the electric continuity conditions, a Volterra integral equation of the second kind with respect to a function of time is derived, which can be solved successfully by means of the interpolation method. The displacements, stresses and electric potentials are finally obtained. The present method is suitable for a multilayered orthotropic piezoelectric infinite hollow cylinder consisting of arbitrary layers and subjected to arbitrary axisymmetric dynamic loads. Numerical results are finally presented and discussed.