液氦冲击压缩特性的理论计算

 用量子力学修正的WCA液体变分微扰理论计算了液氦冲击压缩曲线，计算中体系分子间相互作用势选择EXP-6有效两体势模型，两体势参数通过对实验数据的拟和优选。计算结果在一次冲击压力范围内，冲击温度及压力与Nellis等人的实验数据符合很好，二次冲击数据与实验值稍有偏差，但也在其误差范围内，由于二次冲击只有一个实验点，因此实验数据不能提供更多的信息以供比较。计算结果表明与其他分子间相互作用势相比，选择α值为12.7的EXP-6势更为准确地反映了液氦分子间的相互作用。     

高温高密度氩物态方程研究

用Exp-6有效两体势模型和液体变分微扰理论计算了液Ar冲击压缩曲线,在35 GPa以下的压力范围内计算的冲击压缩曲线与Thiel 及Nellis等人的实验数据进行了比较.液体分子间Exp-6有效两体势参数根据实验数据计算优选出最佳值,计算结果表明得到的优选参数较为准确地描述了液Ar分子间相互作用.由理论结合实验数据可以认为液氩体系在冲击压力36 GPa以下无相变现象.对较高冲击压力下理论计算的冲击曲线和实验结果之间的偏差作了分析,结合不透明度实验的结果,得到当压力超过35 GPa,温度在12 000 K     

液氦的冲击压缩理论计算及其等效两体作用势的考察

 选择exp-6势为参考势，运用变分液体微扰理论计算了液氦体系的一次冲击和二次冲击Hugoniot曲线，并与Nellis等的冲击压缩实验数据比较，给出了与Nellis等的实验结果较符合的等效两体相互作用势的参数。研究表明，在计算高温高密度条件下液体的冲击压缩特性时，原子间的多体相互作用十分重要，多体作用的结果是软化了两体相互作用势。     

SF6气体间隙开关激光触发延迟的数值模拟

 建立了激光触发SF₆气体间隙开关的0维数值模型，数值计算结果与国内外实验进行了比较，计算的延迟时间与实验结果符合较好。在充气压力一定时，延迟时间随激光能量、工作电压比的增加而减小，并且延迟时间-工作电压比的曲线斜率也是随激光能量和工作电压比的增加而减小的。当激光能量一定时，延迟时间随充气压力的减小和电压的增加而减小, 并且不同充气压力的延迟时间随电压变化的曲线斜率是随电压的增加而减小的。但是，等电压压力比值情况下,延迟时间是随充气压力的增加而减小的。     

三聚氰胺(C_3N_6H_6)的高压Raman与压致结构相变研究

本文在8 7GPa压力范围内研究了三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)的高压原位Raman光谱。通过内、外Raman活性模的压致效应,发现在1 5GPa和6 0GPa压力下该分子晶体发生了压致结构相变。用空间群相关原理确认在1 5GPa压力下它从单斜相转变为三斜相;在6 0GPa压力下又发生了另一次结构相变。然后在室温高压条件下对三聚氰胺进行了原位同步辐射能量散射x-ray衍射实验(EDXD),在14 7GPa压力范围内,观察到常压下为单斜晶系的三聚氰胺经历了两次压致结构相变。在1 3GPa下,三聚氰胺分子晶体从单斜相转变为三斜相;在8 2GPa又转变为正交相。本实验结果为利用三聚氰胺碳氮有机分子晶体高温高压合成超硬C3N4共价晶体的研究提供了重要信息。     

液氮冲击压缩特性的理论计算

 用修正的WCA理论计算了液氮冲击压缩至70 GPa的一次冲击Hugoniot数据。计算中引入与体系比容有关的分子离解因子，计算结果表明，在33GPa以上液氮体系发生的相变为分子离解相变，该过程对体系热力学状态有较大影响，分子离解是对冲击能量的吸收过程，导致体系冲击压力和温度增长率下降。     

冲击加载下铝的剪切模量

分别用Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan (SCG)模型、修正的SCG模型和有限应变理论对材料的剪切模量做了数值计算，并与一维平面应变加载下铝的实验结果进行了比较.结果表明，修正的SCG模型与实验结果较为符合.在10—80GPa的压力范围下，剪切模量随冲击压力的增加而逐渐增大，这是由于压力的影响占主要地位，发生了加工硬化.在80—125GPa的压力范围下，剪切模量随冲击压力的增大快速减小，这是因为温度的影响比较严重，发生了高温软化现象.剪切模量最终在冲击压力为125GPa处趋于零，这是由于在该压力点冲击熔化发生，剪切强度消失. 关键词： 剪切模量 Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan模型 有限应变理论 铝     

用指数参考势计算水的冲击压缩Hugoniot曲线和温度

 在修正的WCA状态方程和Ross变分微扰理论的基础上，计算了水的exp-6参考势对应的硬球直径、相应的λ值及冲击Hugoniot曲线和温度。将理论结果与实验结果进行了比较，我们计算的冲击Hugoniot曲线和温度与实验符合较好。     

33GPa压力以下液氩冲击温度的实验测量

 利用液氮冷靶系统制取液氩样品,以二级氢气炮作为加载工具,驱动飞片对液氩样品进行平面冲击压缩,实验测量了33 GPa冲击压力以下液氩的冲击温度。飞片速度由磁测速系统测量,冲击波速度和冲击温度用光纤耦合高温计系统测量,粒子速度采用阻抗匹配法计算得到。实验测得当冲击压力为33 GPa时,液氩的冲击温度超过10 000 K;而当冲击压力超过30 GPa时,冲击温度的上升趋势与理论计算相比明显变缓,该压力点正好与以前测得的冲击波速度-粒子速度曲线的拐点一致。     

SF6气体间隙开关激光触发延迟的数值模拟

建立了激光触发SF6气体间隙开关的0维数值模型,数值计算结果与国内外实验进行了比较,计算的延迟时间与实验结果符合较好。在充气压力一定时,延迟时间随激光能量、工作电压比的增加而减小,并且延迟时间-工作电压比的曲线斜率也是随激光能量和工作电压比的增加而减小的。当激光能量一定时,延迟时间随充气压力的减小和电压的增加而减小, 并且不同充气压力的延迟时间随电压变化的曲线斜率是随电压的增加而减小的。但是,等电压压力比值情况下,延迟时间是随充气压力的增加而减小的。     

Experimental Research on Wet Steam Flow With Shock Wave

The article presents research on a wet steam transonic flow in a Laval half-nozzle with a shock wave. The motivation for this research was to investigate the shock wave/liquid phase interaction in the transonic wet steam flow. This phenomenon is responsible for the lack of good correspondence between experimental data and computational fluid dynamics results. For the tests, the geometry of the half-arc nozzle was used. The shock wave formation at the divergent section of the nozzle is caused by too high back-pressure. The observed instabilities in the flow are mainly initiated by the shock wave/liquid film (boundary layer) interaction. The numerical calculations were compared with experimental results with respect to the static pressure distribution along the nozzle.     

Gold under high pressure

Abstract

First principle predictions for the equation of state of gold using solid and liquid state theories are compared up to combined pressures and temperatures of 600 GPa and 17 000 K with static diamond anvil cell compression, ultrasonic measurements and shock Hugoniot data which include a recent laser driven shock Hugoniot points at 600 GPa. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental data is observed. The theoretically estimated 300 K isotherm agrees to within 2 GPa with the isotherm that has been measured to 70 GPa using the diamond anvil cell. The structural energy estimates show that the normal f.c.c. phase remains stable under pressure. The estimate of the shock Hugoniot temperature of gold at 600 GPa based on a liquid state model is consistent with the measurements of laser induced shock luminescence, which in fact provides an experimental determination of the temperature of gold above its Hugoniot melting point. The powerful means provided by theory in the prediction of material properties of gold at ultra high pressures and temperatures is significant because gold is an efficient converter of laser energy into soft X-rays and is a potential candidate as a standard for high pressure, high temperature work.     

液相放电等离子体特性与激波特性的数值分析

以能量平衡方程为基础,采用不同的电导率唯象模型描述了液相放电等离子体圆柱形通道特性,得到了通道内半径、温度、电阻、电流和耗散能量随时间的变化关系,还给出了距离放电间隙中心一定距离处的冲击波压力变化,并与前人利用等离子体通道球状模型计算得到的结果进行了比较。结果表明：把等离子体通道看成球状和看成圆柱状在描述通道压力和通道半径时差异显著,而在描述其他物理特性时差别不大;三种电导率模型在描述等离子体通道物理特性时,变化趋势大体相同,而在描述激波特性时,电导率模型σ₂更符合实际;通过对比电学参数与压力参数的变化,就可以在实验中根据实验数据以及具体的研究问题进行模型的适用性选择。     

冲击波温度和压力对二氧化钛相变的影响

 介绍了一种简便易行的降低疏松固体物质冲击波温度的方法，其要点是用液体石蜡充填样品的空隙。以用粉末锐钛矿压装成型的样品为例，对比了不充填和充填液态石蜡时冲击波作用的结果。在同样的冲击加载条件下（均为钢飞片，撞击速度为3.16 km/s），估算两种样品中达到的压力分别为36.3 GPa和46.8 GPa，平均温度分别约为4.7×10³ ℃和2.0×10³ ℃，即：充填液态石蜡的样品中压力增加了约10 GPa，但平均温度降低了近3×10³ ℃。对冲击后回收样品的分析结果表明，不充填石蜡样品的主要产物为金红石，即冲击波产生的高温起了主要作用。而充填液态石蜡时，主要生成β-TiO₂高压相，即高压起了主要作用。     

Reflected shock experiments on the equation-of-state properties of liquid deuterium at 100-600 GPa (1-6 mbar)

New laser-driven shock experiments have been used to study the equation-of-state (EOS) properties of liquid deuterium. Reflected shocks are utilized to increase the shock pressure and to enhance the sensitivity to differences in compressibility. The results of these experiments differ substantially from the predictions of the Sesame EOS. EOS models showing large dissociation effects with much greater compressibility (up to a factor of 2) agree with the data. By use of independent techniques, this experiment offers the first confirmation of an earlier observation of enhanced compressibility in liquid deuterium.     

Absence of first order electronic transitions in liquid metals

High pressure shock wave data on a wide variety of metals indicates that electronic transitions are continuously distributed in the liquid phase and accompanied by melting maxima. A qualitative explanation for this behavior is suggested.     

Shock compression of liquid nitrogen at a pressure of 320 GPa

The experimental data on the shock compression of liquid nitrogen in the megabar pressure range are reported. The experiments have been performed with a spherical measuring setup in which pressure is created by the impact of a steel shell accelerated to a velocity of 23 km/s on the samples. The density of shock-compressed nitrogen at a pressure of about 320 GPa is about 3.4 g/cm³ (compression degree of about 4.2). The experimental data are described using a model equation of state.     

Experimental measurements of the compressibility, temperature, and light absorption in dense shock-compressed gaseous deuterium

Experimental data on the shock compression, temperature, and absorptivity of gaseous deuterium with an initial density close to its value in the liquid state were obtained on a spherical explosion shock-wave generator in a pressure range of 80–90 GPa. The obtained results are compared with the existing experimental and theoretical data.