The Instability of Nonmonotonic Wave Solutions of Parabolic Equations

We consider the class of equations u_t=f(u_xx, u_x, u) under the restriction that for all a,b,c. We first consider this equation over the unbounded domain ? ∞ < x < + ∞, and we show that very nearly every bounded nonmonotonic solution of the form u(t, x)=?(x?ct) is unstable to all nonnegative and all nonpositive perturbations. We then extend these results to nonmonotonic plane wave solutions u(t, x, y)=?(x?ct) of u_t = F(u_xx, u_xy, u_x, u_y, u). Finally, we consider the class of equations u_t=f(u_xx, u_x, u) over the bounded domain 0 < x < 1 with the boundary conditions u(t, x)=A at x=0 and u(t, x)=B at x=1, and we find the stability of all steady solutions u(t, x)=?(x).     

Global solutions with shock waves to the generalized Riemann problem for a class of quasilinear hyperbolic systems of balance laws II

This work is a continuation of our previous work. In the present paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of global piecewise C¹ solutions with shock waves to the generalized Riemann problem for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with linear damping in the presence of a boundary. It is shown that the generalized Riemann problem for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with linear damping with nonlinear boundary conditions in the half space {(t, x) | t ≥ 0, x ≥ 0} admits a unique global piecewise C¹ solution u = u (t, x) containing only shock waves with small amplitude and this solution possesses a global structure similar to that of a self‐similar solution u = U (x /t) of the corresponding homogeneous Riemann problem, if each characteristic field with positive velocity is genuinely nonlinear and the corresponding homogeneous Riemann problem has only shock waves but no rarefaction waves and contact discontinuities. This result is also applied to shock reflection for the flow equations of a model class of fluids with viscosity induced by fading memory. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A Fokas approach to the coupled modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the half‐line

In this work, we discuss the coupled modified nonlinear Schrödinger (CMNLS) equation, which describe the pulse propagation in the picosecond or femtosecond regime of the birefringent optical fibers. By use of the Fokas approach, the initial‐boundary value problem for the CMNLS equation related to a 3×3 matrix Lax pair on the half‐line is to be analyzed. Assuming that the solution {u(x,t),v(x,t)} of CMNLS equation exists, we will prove that it can be expressed in terms of the unique solution of a 3×3 matrix Riemann‐Hilbert problem formulated in the plane of the complex spectral parameter λ. Moreover, we also get that some spectral functions s(λ) and S(λ) are not independent of each other but meet a global relationship.     

Global solutions with shock waves to the generalized Riemann problem for a system of hyperbolic conservation laws with linear damping

It is proven that a class of the generalized Riemann problem for quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with the uniform damping term admits a unique global piecewise C¹ solution u=u(t,x) containing only n shock waves with small amplitude on t?0 and this solution possesses a global structure similar to that of the similarity solution of the corresponding homogeneous Riemann problem. As an application of our result, we prove the existence of global shock solutions, piecewise continuous and piecewise smooth solution with shock discontinuities, of the flow equations of a model class of fluids with viscosity induced by fading memory with a single jump initial data. We also give an example to show that the uniform damping mechanism is not strong enough to prevent the formation of shock waves.     

Solution of one boundary-value problem for a hyperbolic equation of the second order

We find conditions for the existence of the classical solution of the boundary-value problem u _tt -u _xx = f(x,t), u(0,t)=u(π, t)=0, u(x, 0)=u(x, 2π).     

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to anisotropic conservation laws in two-dimensional space

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions for anisotropic conservation laws in two-dimensional space, provided with step-like initial conditions that approach the constant states u_± (u₋<u₊) as x→±∞, respectively. It shows that there is a global classical solution that converges toward the rarefaction wave, ie, the unique entropy solution of the Riemann problem for the nonviscous Burgers' equation in one-dimensional space.     

Exact solution of one boundary-value problem

We study the boundary-value perlodic problem u _tt −u _xx =F(x, t), u(0, t)=u(π, t)=0, u(x, t+T)=u(x, t), (x, t) ∈ R ². By using the Vejvoda-Shtedry operator, we determine a solution of this problem. Ternopol Pedagogical Institute, Temopol. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 998–1001, July, 1997.     

Envelope viscosity solutions of first- and second-order PDEs with u-dependence

General envelope methods are introduced which may be used to embed equations with u-dependence into equations without solution dependence. Furthermore, these methods present a rigorous way to consider so-called nodal solutions. That is, if w(t,x,z) is the viscosity solution of some pde, the nodal solution of an associated pde is a function u(t,x) so that w(t,x,u(t,x)) = 0. Examples are given to first- and second-order pdes arising in optimal control, differential games, minimal time problems, scalar conservation laws, geometric-type equations, and forward backward stochastic control.     

On the existence of shock fronts for a Burgers equation with a singular source term

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the equation ∂u/∂t + u ∂u/∂x + u/x = 0 for x > 0, t ⩾ 0, with u(x, 0) = u⁰₋(x) for x < x₀, u(x, 0) = u⁰₊(x) for x > x₀, u⁰₋(x₀) > u⁰₊(x₀). Following the ideas of Majda, 1984 and Lax, 1973, we construct, for smooth u⁰₋ and u⁰₊, a global shock front weak solution u(x, t) = u₋(x, t) for x < ϕ(t), u(x, t) = u₊(x, t) for x > ϕ(t), where u₋ and u₊ are the strong solutions corresponding (respectively) to u⁰₋ and u⁰₊ and the curve t → ϕ(t) is defined by dϕ/dt (t) = 1/2[u₋(ϕ(t), t) + u₊(ϕ(t), t)], t ⩾ 0 and ϕ(0) = x₀. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart—John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Linear periodic boundary-value problem for a second-order hyperbolic equation. I

In three spaces, we obtain exact classical solutions of the boundary-value periodic problem u _tt−a ² u _xx=g(x,t), u(0,t)=u(π,t)=0, u(x,t+T)=u(x,t)=0, x,t∈ĝ Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 1537–1544, November, 1998.     

The multi-resolution method applied to the sideways heat equation

We consider the sideways heat equation uxx(x,t)=ut(x,t), 0?x<1, t?0. The solution u(x,t) on the boundary x=1 is a known function g(t). This is an ill-posed problem, since the solution—if it exists—does not depend continuously on the boundary, i.e., small changes on the boundary may result in big changes in the solution. In this paper, we shall use the multi-resolution method based on the Shannon MRA to obtain a well-posed approximating problem and obtain an estimate for the difference between the exact solution and the solution of the approximating problem defined in Vj.     

Lie Symmetries of Inviscid Burgers’ Equation

The present paper solves completely the problem of the Lie group analysis of nonlinear equation u _t (x, t) + g(u)u _x (x, t) = 0, where g(u) is a smooth function of u. And apply these results on inviscid Burgers equation.     

Convergence of the method of characteristics in approximate solution of a semilinear partial differential equation of first order

We construct an approximate solution for an initial boundary-value problem of the formu _t (x, t) + a (x, t) u_x (x, t)=b (x, t, u), u (x, 0)=u₀ (x),u (0,t)=u₁ (t) by the method of characteristics. It is proved that the approximate solution converges to the exact one with rate of convergence of second order.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 1128–1138, August, 1990.     

A Threshold Result for a Non-local Parabolic Equation

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem: (ECP) u_t−Δu+p(x)u=u(x,t)∫u²(y,t)/∣x−y∣dy; x∈ℝ³, t>0, u(x, 0)=u₀(x)⩾0 x∈ℝ³, (0.2) The stationary problem for (ECP) is the famous Choquard–Pekar problem, and it has a unique positive solution ū(x) as long as p(x) is radial, continuous in ℝ³, p(x)⩾ā>0, and lim_{∣x∣→∞}p(x)=p¯>0. In this paper, we prove that if the initial data 0⩽u₀(x)⩽(≢)ū(x), then the corresponding solution u(x, t) exists globally and it tends to the zero steady-state solution as t→∞, if u₀(x)⩾(≢)ū(x), then the solution u(x,t) blows up in finite time. © 1997 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart–John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Reaction diffusion equations with non-linear boundary conditions,blowup and steady states

In this paper we study the following problem: u_t−Δu=−f(u) in Ω×(0, T)≡Q_T, ∂u ∂n=g(u) on ∂Ω×(0, T)≡S_T, u(x, 0)=u₀(x) in Ω , where Ω⊂ℝ^N is a smooth bounded domain, f and g are smooth functions which are positive when the argument is positive, and u₀(x)>0 satisfies some smooth and compatibility conditions to guarantee the classical solution u(x, t) exists. We first obtain some existence and non-existence results for the corresponding elliptic problems. Then, we establish certain conditions for a finite time blow-up and global boundedness of the solutions of the time-dependent problem. Further, we analyse systems with same kind of boundary conditions and find some blow-up results. In the last section, we study the corresponding elliptic problems in one-dimensional domain. Our main method is the comparison principle and the construction of special forms of upper–lower solutions using related equations. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart—John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A note on the optimal temporal decay estimates of solutions to the Cahn-Hilliard equation

This paper is concerned with the optimal temporal decay estimates on the solutions of the Cauchy problem of the Cahn-Hilliard equation. It is shown in Liu, Wang and Zhao (2007) [11] that such a Cauchy problem admits a unique global smooth solution u(t,x) provided that the smooth nonlinear function φ(u) satisfies a local growth condition. Furthermore if φ(u) satisfies a somewhat stronger local growth condition, the optimal temporal decay estimates on u(t,x) are also obtained in Liu, Wang and Zhao (2007) [11]. Thus a natural question is how to deduce the optimal temporal decay estimates on u(t,x) only under the local growth condition which is sufficient to guarantee the global solvability of the corresponding Cauchy problem and the main purpose of this paper is devoted to this problem. Our analysis is motivated by the technique developed recently in Ukai, Yang and Zhao (2006) [15] with a slight modification.     

The existence of ‐bounded solution operators of the thermoelastic plate equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions

We consider the linearized thermoelastic plate equation with the Dirichlet boundary condition in a general domain Ω, given by with the initial condition u|_(t=0)=u₀, u_t|_(t=0)=u₁, and θ|_(t=0)=θ₀ in Ω and the boundary condition u=∂_νu=θ=0 on Γ, where u=u(x,t) denotes a vertical displacement at time t at the point x=(x₁,⋯,x_n)∈Ω, while θ=θ(x,t) describes the temperature. This work extends the result obtained by Naito and Shibata that studied the problem in the half‐space case. We prove the existence of ‐bounded solution operators of the corresponding resolvent problem. Then, the generation of C₀ analytic semigroup and the maximal L_p‐L_q‐regularity of time‐dependent problem are derived.     

Asymptotic Behaviour of Solutions to some Pseudoparabolic Equations

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour as t→∞ of solutions to the Cauchy problem u_t−Δu_t−νΔu−(b, ∇u)=∇⋅F(u), u(x, 0)=u₀(x), where ν>0 is a fixed constant, t⩾0, x∈ℝⁿ. First, we prove that if u is the solution to the linearized equation, i.e. with ∇⋅F(u)≡0, then u decays like a solution for the analogous problem to the heat equation. Moreover, the long-time behaviour of u is described by the heat kernel. Next, analogous results are established for the non-linear equation with some assumptions imposed on F, p, and the initial condition u₀. © 1997 by B.G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A theorem of global existence of solutions to nonlinear wave equations in four space dimensions

In this paper, the following nonlinear wave equation is considered; □u=F(u, D u, D _x D u),x∈R ⁿ ,t>0; u=u ⁰ (x), u _t =u ¹ (x), t=0. We prove that if the space dimensionn ≥ 4 and the nonlinearityF is smooth and satisfies a mild condition in a small neighborhood of the origin, then the above problem admits a unique and smooth global solution (in time) whenever the initial data are small and smooth. The strategy in proof is to use and improve Global Sobolev Inequalities in Minkowski space (see [8]), and to develop a generalized energy estimate for solutions.