硝酸咪康唑的合成工艺改进

2,4-二氯-α-氯代苯乙酮(1)与咪唑进行N-烷基化反应制得α-(1-咪唑基)-2,4-二氯苯乙酮(2);2经硼氢化钾还原得α-(1-咪唑基)-2,4-二氯苯基乙醇硼络合物(3);3直接与2,4-二氯氯苄进行O-烷基化反应合成了硝酸咪康唑(4). 2和4的结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR和MS表征.用正交试验优化了合成2的工艺条件.在最佳反应条件[1＝50 mmol, n(1) ∶ n(咪唑) ∶ n(三乙胺)=1.0 ∶ 1.2 ∶ 1.2,以苯为溶剂,于70 ℃反应1.5 h]下,2的收率达90.4%.4的总收率为68.2%.     

新型N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺的合成

以2-溴苯胺和氰乙酸为原料,经N-烷基化、酰胺化和α-烷基化反应合成了4种新型的N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺类化合物(5a~5d),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。在最佳反应条件[N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-氰基乙酰胺(3)1.7 mmol,n(3)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶1,DMF为溶剂,Cs2CO3为碱,于室温反应6 h]下,5a收率83%。     

5-取代-2-羟甲基苯酚衍生物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性研究

以2-羟基-4-甲基苯甲酸为原料, 经过丙酮叉保护、NBS溴代制得中间体7-(溴甲基)-2,2-二甲基-4H-苯并[d][1,3]二氧六环-4-酮（4）,再分别和两种杂环仲胺发生N-烷基化反应制得化合物5a-b,最后经过四氢铝锂还原得到目标化合物1a-b,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI-MS进行表征。同时,考察了N-烷基化反应和还原反应的反应条件,确定了N-烷基化反应的最佳条件为：物料比为n（吡唑）: n（化合物4）= 1.2 : 1;K2CO3用量为n（K2CO3）: n（化合物4）= 2.0 : 1;50℃反应5 h。最佳还原反应条件为：LiAlH4用量为n（LiAlH4）: n（化合物5a）= 1.2 : 1,-75℃反应时间为1.0 h。此外,采用了MTT法测试了所合成的化合物1a-b对HepG2,HeLa,MCF-7,A5494四种肿瘤细胞以及正常宫颈上皮细胞HUCEC的体外抑制活性。结果表明,目标化合物1a-b对HeLa细胞展现出了明显的抑制作用,其IC50分别为18.4和10.6 μmol ? L-1,而对正常的HUCEC没有抑制活性。这些结果有望为进一步开发具有抗肿瘤活性的2-羟甲基苯酚衍生物提供参考。     

2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮在Br(o)nsted酸性功能化离子液体中的微波合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶为起始原料,合成了二种新型Br(o)nsted酸性功能化离子液体:1-(4-磺酸基)苄基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根盐(3a),N-(4-磺酸基)苄基吡啶硫酸氢根盐(3b),以其作为反应介质与催化剂,研究了2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮的三组分、一锅法微波合成.结果表明,当n(2-氨基苯甲酸):n(酰氯):n(乙酸铵):n(3a或3b)=1:1.2:1.5:0.1时,反应6 min即可完成,产率81%～95%.离子液体经减压蒸馏、真空干燥可重复使用3次,催化活性基本保持不变.     

2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮在BrФnsted酸性功能化离子液体中的微波合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶为起始原料,合成了二种新型BrФnsted酸性功能化离子液体:1-(4-磺酸基)苄基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根盐(3a),N-(4-磺酸基)苄基吡啶硫酸氢根盐(3b),以其作为反应介质与催化剂,研究了2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮的三组分、一锅法微波合成.结果表明,当n(2-氨基苯甲酸):n(酰氯):n(乙酸铵):n(3a或3b)=1:1.2:1.5:0.1时,反应6min即可完成,产率81%～95%.离子液体经减压蒸馏、真空干燥可重复使用3次,催化活性基本保持不变.     

咪鲜安的绿色合成

以2,4-二氯苯酚为原料,经两步反应合成了新化合物N-2,4-二氯苯氧乙基丙胺氢溴酸盐(3);3与三光气和咪唑反应得到咪鲜安{N-正丙基-N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙基]氨基甲酰咪唑,产率90%},其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.合成3的较适宜的反应条件为:1-氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙烷(2a)1.5mmol,n(正丙胺):n(2a)=6.5:1.O,以95%乙醇为溶剂,回流反应15 h;用24%HBr进行成盐反应,产率达92%.     

N-甲基-2-(4-取代哌嗪)-N-[3-(萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙基]乙酰胺衍生物的设计与合成

以N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)-丙胺(度洛西汀)为原料,通过N-酰氯化反应和N-烷基化反应,合成了5个新型的N-甲基-2-(4-取代哌嗪)-N-[3-(萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙基]酰胺衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

25,27-二异丙氧基-26,28-二羟基杯[4]芳烃的合成

在乙腈中,25,26,27,28.四羟基杯[4]芳烃(1)与碘代异丙烷(i-PrI)在碳酸钾的催化下经双烷基化反应合成了25,27-二异丙氧基-26,28-二羟基杯[4]芳烃(2),其结构经<'1>H NMR和MS确证.最佳反应条件为:1 23mmol,n(1):n(K<,2>CO<,3>):n(i-PrI):n(Me...     

镍(Ⅱ)基双氮杂环卡宾配合物的合成及其晶体结构

以咪唑和取代氯化苄为原料,经氮烷基化反应合成三个氮杂环卡宾(NHC)配体[L1:N,N-二苄基咪唑-2-亚基,L2:N,N-二(4-甲基苄基)咪唑-2-亚基,L3:N,N-二(4-氯苄基)咪唑-2-亚基];再以咪唑官能团化的N-杂环卡宾配体和氯化镍为原料,通过金属交换反应合成三个新型的镍基双氮杂环卡宾配合物[Ni(NHC)_2]Cl_2(C1~C3),其结构经~1H NMR,IR,元素分析和X-单晶射线衍射表征。配合物C1和C3属于单斜晶系,分别为P2_1/n和P2_1/c空间群。配合物C2属于三斜晶系,为P1空间群。C1~C3的CCDC分别为:1433176,1433177和1433179。     

N-丁基-4-[乙基-(3-甲基苯基)氨基]丁酰胺的合成

以γ-丁内酯为起始原料,经开环氯化和酰化反应制得N-丁基-4-氯丁酰胺(2);2与N-乙基间甲苯胺经N-烷基化反应合成了N-丁基-4-[乙基-(3-甲基苯基)氨基]丁酰胺,总收率74.6%,纯度97.6%,其结构经1H NMR和MS(ESI)确证。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。