二维材料双电层场晶体管的研究

近年来, 二维材料特别是二维过渡金属硫属化合物材料作为一个新兴研究领域引起了人们极大的兴趣, 它们也被认为是基于石墨烯电子器件的补充材料. 过渡金属硫属化合物之所以能引起人们强烈的兴趣, 在于它们奇特的性质以及其在催化, 能量存贮, 电子, 光电等领域的广泛应用. 自2007年开始, 双电层离子液体晶体管技术被广泛的应用于有机和无机材料包括过渡金属硫属化合物材料以修饰或者调控这类材料的电性质. 基于这种双电层晶体管技术, 材料的迁移率, 操作电压等被进一步改善, 绝缘-金属相变, 超导甚至是铁磁性质也被实现. 本工作将综述双电层离子液体晶体管技术对二维材料的调控性能和简要展望其今后的发展方向.     

类石墨烯二硫化钨薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备及其应用

类石墨烯过渡金属硫属化合物如MoS₂、WS₂、MoSe₂、WSe₂等因为具有层数依赖的带隙结构而受到了广泛关注。尤其是本征态的WS₂为双极性半导体,它同时具有n型和p型电输运特性,有望在电子电路、存储器件、光电探测和光伏器件方面得以广泛应用。近年来,化学气相沉积技术已经被广泛用于制备大面积二维硫属化合物(如MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂ 和WSe₂)原子层薄膜。目前关于其他二维材料体系的综述文献介绍较多,但是针对WS₂介绍的综述文献还鲜有报道。因此,本文综述了类石墨烯WS₂薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备和相关器件的国内外研究进展,讨论了WS₂薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备机理及生长因素如硫粉含量、载气的成分、反应温度、基底材料等对薄膜成膜质量的影响,介绍了WS₂薄膜在晶体管、光电器件及与其他二维材料构成的异质结构器件的最新研究成果,并对可能存在的问题进行了分析和述评。     

二维硫化钼基原子晶体材料的化学气相沉积法制备及其器件

二维过渡族金属硫属化合物因其带隙具有强烈的层数依赖性而在电子器件方面具有广泛的应用前景.其中单层二硫化钼(MoS₂)是该系列材料中最典型的一种直接带隙半导体,它具有优异的光、电、磁、热和力学性能.二维MoS₂有望在光电探测、光伏器件、场效应晶体管、存储器件、谷电子和自旋器件、温差电器件、微纳机电器件和系统等方面得以广泛应用.化学气相沉积(CVD)法已成为制备二维过渡族金属硫属化合物如MoS₂、MoSe₂、WS₂和WSe₂等原子层薄膜的主要手段,尤其科学界利用CVD法对二维MoS₂材料进行了深入的制备探索,通过该方法制备的MoS₂薄膜在电子和光电器件方面已经有广泛研究.本文将从二维MoS₂的基本物性出发,详细介绍CVD法制备MoS₂的各种工艺过程,如热分解硫代硫酸盐法、硫化Mo(MoO_3-x)薄膜制备法、MoO_3-x粉体与硫属前驱体气相合成法和钼箔表面直接硫化法,并介绍了基于MoS₂的二维异质结构筑方法.在制备材料的基础上,详细阐述了二维MoS₂在场效应晶体管、光电探测器、柔性电子器件以及异质结器件方面的应用,并展望了二维材料在半导体器件中的应用前景.     

石墨烯基三维导电网络结构储能电极材料的研究进展

设计和构筑有效的三维导电网络结构对于优化储能电极材料的性能具有重要意义.石墨烯独特二维结构所具有的超高电荷传导、极大的表面负载空间和可形成三维孔(层)隙骨架结构等特性为制备多样化的复合电极材料提供了基础.本文介绍了近年来基于石墨烯的三维网络结构复合电极材料的构筑及其在电化学储能(如锂离子电池、锂硫电池)应用中的研究进展,结合本实验室的研究工作,着重介绍了石墨烯基复合电极材料结构设计的科学原理,讨论了几种石墨烯复合结构,并对未来石墨烯复合结构体系的构筑及其应用作了展望.     

三维(3D)石墨烯及其复合材料的应用

三维（3D）石墨烯通常是指具有3D结构的二维（2D）石墨烯组装体,是近年来石墨烯化学领域的新型功能性材料。将2D石墨烯片整合成具有3D结构的组装体可以有效调控石墨烯的电学、光学、机械、化学和催化特性,因此3D石墨烯材料不仅具有石墨烯固有的理化性质,其三维多孔的微/纳米结构还使其兼具比表面积大、机械强度高、电子传导能力优越及传质快速等优良特性。这些独特的性质使3D石墨烯及其复合材料在材料科学领域备受关注。研究发现,3D石墨烯及其复合材料应用于纳米电子学、能量储存和转换、化学和生物传感等研究领域均表现出优越的性能。本文结合当前研究热点,综述了3D石墨烯及其复合材料在催化、储氢/气体吸附、传感器、环境修复、超级电容器等领域中的应用进展,并简要评述目前3D石墨烯材料应用中所面临的挑战及发展前景。     

Ⅳ-Ⅵ族低维半导体材料与器件研究进展

二维Ⅳ族金属硫属化合物作为二维层状材料的重要组成部分,由于其晶格结构具有较低的对称性且与核心半导体工艺具有很好的兼容性,在电学、光学、磁性等方面具有优异的性能,并且在地球上资源丰富且具有低成本、环保的特性,因此在光电器件领域具有很大的应用潜力.基于本课题组近年来的研究进展,本文首先介绍了二维Ⅳ族金属硫属化合物及相关异质...     

MXenes及MXenes复合材料的制备及其在能量存储与转换中的应用

综述了新型过渡金属碳化物和/或氮化物(MXenes)二维纳米材料的合成及其在电化学能源存储与转换中应用的研究进展,这些应用可以分为如下三类:二次电池、超级电容器以及电化学催化。 由于具有二维结构、金属导电性、亲水性表面以及其它优点,MXene二维纳米材料在这些应用领域展示了良好的性能,而且还可以通过嵌入、复合、掺杂、组装等方法来进一步提高其电化学性能。 本文为新型MXenes以及相关材料的开发、合成和应用提供了思路,这种新型MXenes 材料可以用于能量存储与转换、电子和催化等领域。     

MXenes及MXenes复合材料的制备及其在能量存储与转换中的应用（英文）

综述了新型过渡金属碳化物和/或氮化物(MXenes)二维纳米材料的合成及其在电化学能源存储与转换中应用的研究进展,这些应用可以分为如下三类:二次电池、超级电容器以及电化学催化。由于具有二维结构、金属导电性、亲水性表面以及其它优点,MXene二维纳米材料在这些应用领域展示了良好的性能,而且还可以通过嵌入、复合、掺杂、组装等方法来进一步提高其电化学性能。本文为新型MXenes以及相关材料的开发、合成和应用提供了思路,这种新型MXenes材料可以用于能量存储与转换、电子和催化等领域。     

金属卟啉二维纳米晶的制备及其光电性能

金属卟啉是一种重要的金属-有机复合物,在光电转换器件、催化、传感、医学等领域有着广阔的应用前景。对无机二维纳米材料（石墨烯或过渡金属硫属化合物等）的广泛研究促使金属-有机二维纳米材料成为当前的研究热点之一。本文针对金属-有机以及卟啉二维纳米材料的研究现状,在简要回顾金属-有机二维纳米材料发展历史的基础上,详细总结了金属卟啉单分散二维纳米晶和二维薄膜的制备方法,综述了其当前在太阳能电池、光电催化以及光学传感等方面的应用,最后讨论了金属卟啉二维纳米材料当前面临的研究问题及未来可能的发展方向。     

块状和少层黑磷的合成

正黑磷(Black Phosphorus,BP)具有层状结构,而少层黑磷作为一种二维材料,则具有各向异性和随层数可调的性质。与石墨烯相比,黑磷具有可调的带隙;而与过渡金属二硫化物相比,黑磷具有较高的载流子迁移率,因此黑磷在半导体领域崭露头角。黑磷亦具有光热特性和优异的生物相容性,在生物领域如肿瘤治疗等方面应用前景广阔。此     

石墨烯气凝胶的可控组装

石墨烯气凝胶一般是由石墨烯片层经过湿法化学组装或气相化学生长获得的一种具有连通多孔网络结构的石墨烯三维宏观体材料,表现出极高的比表面积、良好的导电性以及优异的机械性能等,在电化学储能、吸附、催化以及传感等领域有着极为重要的应用。本文从石墨烯气凝胶的结构设计与组装策略出发,综述了近年来石墨烯纳米结构单元在石墨烯气凝胶材料（氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、化学气相沉积（CVD）石墨烯、以及复合气凝胶等）中的组装行为,并对石墨烯气凝胶目前的现状及今后发展方向做了简要评述。     

Design and construction of three-dimensional graphene/conducting polymer for supercapacitors

Three-dimensional graphene/conducting polymer(3DGCP) composites have received significant attention in recent years due to their unique structures and promising applications in energy storage.With the structural diversity of graphene and π-functional conducting polymers via rich chemical routes,a number of 3DGCP composites with novel structures and attractive performance have been developed.Particularly,the hierarchical porosity,the interactions between graphene and conducting polymers as well as the their synergetic effects within 3DGCP composites can be well combined and elaborated by various synthetic methods,which made 3DGCP composites show unique electrochemical properties and significantly improved performance in energy storage fields compared to other graphenebased composites.In this short review,we present recent advances in 3DGCP composites in developing effective strategies to prepare 3DGCP composites and exploring them as a unique platform for supercapacitors with unprecedented performance.The challenges and future opportunities are also discussed for promotion of further study.     

氮掺杂石墨烯的制备及其在化学储能中的研究进展

石墨烯独特的二维空间结构使其具有优异的导电性能、力学性能以及超大的比表面积,被认为是颇具潜力的新型储能材料,是目前储能研究的热点之一。 但是石墨烯易团聚、表面光滑且呈惰性而不利于与其它材料的复合,导致其应用受到限制。 石墨烯掺氮可改变其电子结构,增加表面的活性位,从而提高其应用于储能器件时的电化学性能。 本文综述了近几年氮掺杂石墨烯的制备方法以及其在超级电容器、锂离子电池、锂空电池以及锂硫电池等化学储能领域中的应用,指出了目前氮掺杂石墨烯在制备和储能应用中关注的核心问题,并对氮掺杂石墨烯的发展前景进行了展望。     

二维材料的凝胶化及电化学储能应用

近年来, 二维材料由于其独特的结构以及高电化学活性在储能领域中备受关注. 然而在实际应用中, 二维材料的“面-面”堆叠极大地限制了其性能的发挥. 凝胶化作为实现纳米材料液相三维组装的重要手段, 不仅可以有效减少二维材料的团聚, 保留更多活性位点, 同时形成的三维网络结构可以提供畅通的离子电子传输通道, 提升材料在储能应用中的实用性. 不仅如此, 二维材料的凝胶化在电极材料孔结构设计以及活性物质缓冲空间定制方面具有先天优势. 本文以氧化石墨烯凝胶化过程的方法和原理为基础, 综合评述了石墨烯及其它几类较典型的二维材料的凝胶化机制及方法, 梳理了其孔结构调控策略, 并对凝胶化二维储能材料的设计以及应用进行了归纳、 总结及展望.     

Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors: Electrochemical Gating,Interfacial Capacitance,and Biosensing Applications

Single‐layer graphene has received much attention because of its unique two‐dimensional crystal structure and properties. In this review, we focus on the graphene devices in solution, and their properties that are relevant to chemical and biological applications. We will discuss their charge transport, controlled by electrochemical gates, interfacial and quantum capacitance, charged impurities, and surface potential distribution. The sensitive dependence of graphene charge transport on the surrounding environment points to their potential applications as ultrasensitive chemical sensors and biosensors. The interfacial and quantum capacitance studies are directly relevant to the on‐going effort of creating graphene‐based ultracapacitors for energy storage.     

Directed Molecular Stacking for Engineered Fluorescent Three-Dimensional Reduced Graphene Oxide and Coronene Frameworks

Three-dimensional fluorescent graphene frameworks with controlled porous morphologies are of significant importance for practical applications reliant on controlled structural and electronic properties, such as organic electronics and photochemistry. Here we report a synthetically accessible approach concerning directed aromatic stacking interactions to give rise to new fluorogenic 3D frameworks with tuneable porosities achieved through molecular variations. The binding interactions between the graphene-like domains present in the in situ-formed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with functional porphyrin molecules lead to new hybrids via an unprecedented solvothermal reaction. Functional free-base porphyrins featuring perfluorinated aryl groups or hexyl chains at their meso- and β-positions were employed in turn to act as directing entities for the assembly of new graphene-based and foam-like frameworks and of their corresponding coronene-based hybrids. Investigations in the dispersed phase and in thin-film by XPS, SEM and FLIM shed light onto the nature of the aromatic stacking within functional rGO frameworks (denoted rGOFs) which was then modelled semi-empirically and by DFT calculations. The pore sizes of the new emerging reduced graphene oxide hybrids are tuneable at the molecular level and mediated by the bonding forces with the functional porphyrins acting as the “molecular glue”. Single crystal X-ray crystallography described the stacking of a perfluorinated porphyrin with coronene, which can be employed as a molecular model for understanding the local aromatic stacking order and charge transfer interactions within these rGOFs for the first time. This opens up a new route to controllable 3D framework morphologies and pore size from the Ångstrom to the micrometre scale. Theoretical modelling showed that the porosity of these materials is mainly due to the controlled inter-planar distance between the rGO, coronene or graphene sheets. The host-guest chemistry involves the porphyrins acting as guests held through π-π stacking, as demonstrated by XPS. The objective of this study is also to shed light into the fundamental localised electronic and energy transfer properties in these new molecularly engineered porous and fluorogenic architectures, aiming in turn to understand how functional porphyrins may exert stacking control over the notoriously disordered local structure present in porous reduced graphene oxide fragments. By tuning the porosity and the distance between the graphene sheets using aromatic stacking with porphyrins, it is also possible to tune the electronic structure of the final nanohybrid material, as indicated by FLIM experiments on thin films. Such nanohybrids with highly controlled pores dimensions and morphologies open the way to new design and assembly of storage devices and applications incorporating π-conjugated molecules and materials and their π-stacks may be relevant towards selective separation membranes, water purification and biosensing applications.     

From nanographene and graphene nanoribbons to graphene sheets: chemical synthesis

Graphene, an individual two-dimensional, atomically thick sheet of graphite composed of a hexagonal network of sp(2) carbon atoms, has been intensively investigated since its first isolation in 2004, which was based on repeated peeling of highly oriented pyrolyzed graphite (HOPG). The extraordinary electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene make it a promising candidate for practical applications in electronics, sensing, catalysis, energy storage, conversion, etc. Both the theoretical and experimental studies proved that the properties of graphene are mainly dependent on their geometric structures. Precise control over graphene synthesis is therefore crucial for probing their fundamental physical properties and introduction in promising applications. In this Minireview, we highlight the recent progress that has led to the successful chemical synthesis of graphene with a range of different sizes and chemical compositions based on both top-down and bottom-up strategies.     

层间共价增强石墨烯材料的构筑、性能与应用

大批量石墨烯可控制备技术的逐渐成熟为实现其宏观组装和应用提供了基础。在众多的组装策略中,调节石墨烯层间的界面相互作用可以直接影响组装体的力学、电学、热学以及渗透等性质,具有重要的意义。石墨烯片层间以共价键连接的层间共价石墨烯材料以其可调的层间距、较强的层间作用力、丰富的功能化、以及可能的原子构型重排等特性,受到了广泛的关注和深入的研究。相比于其他非共价的键合手段,共价连接是一种更为牢固的枢纽。本文中我们将总结讨论层间共价石墨烯材料的构筑方法、性能以及应用。在构筑方法中,依据石墨烯本身的制备方法分为氧化还原法以及化学气相沉积法,而在氧化还原法中,以其宏观材料的形貌分为纸状和纤维状来讨论。接着,我们重点介绍了层间共价对其力学和电学性能的影响,并概述了此类宏观组装体材料的应用。层间共价石墨烯材料继承了石墨烯自身优异的特性,同时也具有宏观组装所赋予的性能,有望在多个领域得到广泛的应用。     

湿法纺制石墨烯纤维：工艺、结构、性能与智能应用

石墨烯纤维是由石墨烯片层通过组装过程形成的宏观一维材料。其具有较好的耐热性、导热性、导电性以及轻质高强等优点,是实现高品质、功能化纤维的重要突破口。石墨烯纤维在超轻导线、可穿戴储能、传感、生物电极等领域具有广阔应用前景。目前,湿法纺制技术是石墨烯纤维的最主要制备手段,与现有的化学纤维制备过程兼容,是最有望实现规模化制备高品质石墨烯纤维的技术。本文首先介绍了湿法纺制石墨烯纤维工艺中的关键步骤,重点讨论了制备技术与石墨烯纤维结构之间的关系。论述了提升纤维性能的相关策略,总结了石墨烯纤维在功能/智能纤维领域应用。并对提升石墨烯纤维性能的关键问题进行总结阐述,展望了石墨烯纤维的发展前景。     

Recent advances in graphene based materials as anode materials in sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) for energy storage applications, due to abundant sodium resources, low cost, and similar electrochemical performance. However, the large radius of Na+and high molar mass compared to Li~+, result in large volume strain during charge/discharge and low reversible capacity and poor cycling stability. Due to exceptional physical and chemical properties, graphene has attracted increasing attention as a potential anode material for SIBs. When integrated with other nanomaterials in electrodes, graphene can improve the electrical conductivity, accommodate the large volume change and enhance reaction kinetics. This paper provides a systematic review of recent progress in the application of graphene based anodes for SIBs, with a focus on preparation, structural configuration, Na+storage mechanism and electrochemical performance. Additionally, some challenges and future perspectives are provided to improve the sodium storage performance of graphene based electrodes.