共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 95 毫秒
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多支链烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的表面性质 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用自制的四种高纯度多支链烷基苯磺酸钠,研究了支链结构对其表面性质的影响.结果表明,随支链烷基碳数增加,临界胶束浓度降低,标准吸附自由能DGadӨ更负;但是,饱和吸附量Γmax却随支链烷基碳数增加而减小,且临界胶束浓度时的表面张力γcmc随吸附量减小而降低,表现出与一般表面活性剂不同的变化趋势.从多支链烷基苯磺酸钠的分子结构特点,解释了随支链烷基碳数增加Γmax和γcmc的变化规律,探讨了分子的独占面积(as)对Γmax及γcmc的影响. 相似文献
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以轻质柔性的三聚氰胺泡沫(MF)作为基体,将其置于由乙二醇(EG)、硝酸银(AgNO3)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和氯化铜(Cu Cl2)组成的反应溶液中,利用高温环境中发生的氧化还原反应在泡沫骨架上生成纳米银(Ag),随后通过真空浸渍法在泡沫基体中封装月桂酸(LA)制备相变复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和红外热成像仪等对制得的相变复合材料的形貌、结构和热性能进行研究.结果表明,当Ag NO3浓度为4 mg/m L时,纳米Ag均匀致密地沉积在MF骨架表面,且同时存在Ag纳米粒子(Ag NPs)和Ag纳米线(Ag NWs)两种形态.相变复合材料的相变焓高达144.0 J/g,相变焓效率超过了80%,呈现出优异的温度调节和储热能力.本文提供了一种制备综合性能优异的相变复合材料的新策略,有利于拓宽相变复合材料的应用领域. 相似文献
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用最大气泡压力法分别测定了不同环氧乙烷(EO)加合数(10、12、14、16、20)的蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(ECAME)水溶液的动态表面张力(DST)。考察了浓度、温度和无机电解质对DST的影响,探讨了不同浓度时DST参数(动态表面张力特性参数n,平衡时间t*,曲线最大斜率R1/2)的变化规律。结果表明,随着EO数由10增加到20,DST不断增大;随着浓度由0.5×10-5 mol/L增加到10×10-5 mol/L,n由3.02减小到1.05,t*值由14.45减小到2.29,R1/2由0.43增大到6.44,则动态表面活性增大,DST降低;随着温度由25 ℃升高至45 ℃,DST降低;吸附初期DST曲线随无机电解质浓度的增大而升高,吸附后期DST曲线随无机电解质浓度的增大而降低。和常规的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE)相比,ECAME的动态表面活性更加优异,这为开拓ECAME的应用指明了新的方向。 相似文献
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含无机盐和尿素的直链烷基苯磺酸钠浓溶液的粘度性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王镜和 《高等学校化学学报》1995,16(2):287-289
含无机盐和尿素的直链烷基苯磺酸钠浓溶液的粘度性质王镜和(汕头大学化学系,汕头,515063)关键词无机盐,尿素,直链烷基苯磺酸钠,粘度性质低切速下的粘度是洗涤液的重要技术指标。常见此类制品是直链烷基苯磺酸钠(SLABS)浓溶液,通常以无机盐为增粘剂,... 相似文献
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The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension (DST) of the novel cationic surfactant, 3-(p-nonylphenoxy)-2-hydroxylpropyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, abbreviated as RTAB, were studied. The effect of sodium halide such as NaCl, NaBr and NaI on the DST behavior of the RTAB solution below its CMC was studied in detail. Due to the preferential adsorption, the effect of hydration and salting out, the ability to reduce the DST values at the same concentration was in the order of NaI〉NaBr〉NaCl. Attributed to its high surface activity, the equilibrium time of the DST of the surfactant solution was insensitive to the ionic strength. 相似文献
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通过使用碱液对天然斜发沸石(Z)进行处理制得P型沸石(PZ), 再用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对Z和PZ进行修饰, 制得有机改性沸石ZC和PZC, 对比考察了ZC和PZC对直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)的吸附性能. 实验结果表明, 制得的PZ硅/铝比为2, 比Z(4.85)降低58.8%; PZ的零净电荷点、 比表面积、 孔径和孔容均高于Z; 吸附平衡时间为4 h. 当pH=2时, ZC和PZC对LAS吸附量达到最高, 吸附数据符合Langmuir准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程, 饱和吸附量(qm)分别为12.658和27.100 mg/g, 吸附过程主要为单分子层的化学吸附, PZC的吸附速率常数大于ZC, 具有更好的动力学性能. 相似文献
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以芘为荧光探针、二苯酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的4种带干扰基(磺酸基邻位的短链烷基)的支链烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶团浓度、合适猝灭剂浓度下的胶团聚集数以及在不同浓度氯化钠水溶液中的胶团聚集数.结果表明,支链烷基苯磺酸钠分子中长链烷基碳数增加,临界胶团浓度大幅度降低,胶团聚集数减小;分子中短链烷基碳数增加,临界胶团浓度降低幅度小,胶团聚集数增大;胶团聚集数随氯化钠浓度增大而增大. 相似文献
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无机盐和尿素对直链烷基苯磺酸钠浓溶液粘度性质的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在303.2±0.1K,测定了直链烷基苯磺酸钠(SLABS),硫酸锂.硫酸钠,碘化钠和尿素溶液对水的相对粘度-浓度曲线;SLABS与添加剂的混合溶液对原SLABS溶液的相对粘度-浓度曲线,测定表明,无机盐对SLABS浓溶液有显著的增粘效果, 各种艳所达到的最大粘度有显著差别,盐达到一定浓度会与SLABS形成沉淀, 其增粘能力达到极限,这些结果用胶团溶液结构,离子与胶团的相互作用,离子的水合能力,水结构改变和活度积效应来解释,尿素明显地降低SLABS浓溶液的粘度.用硫酸钠增粘时,尿素浓度越高最大粘度越低,相应的盐浓度越高.这些结果用尿素与水合单体(表面活性剂)形成尿合单体,使参与水合单体与胶团平衡的SLABS实际浓度降低来解释. 相似文献
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Xiao-Chun Wang Lei Zhang Qing-Tao Gong Lu Zhang Lan Luo Zhen-Quan Li 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(1):137-143
Foaming properties and the dynamic surface tension (DST) were carried out with aqueous solutions of sodium branched-alkyl benzene sulfonates to elucidate the relationship between foaming properties and surfactant structures. The parameters of the DST (t*, n, R 1/2 ) are correlated with the foaming ability for alkyl benzene sulfonates with benzene ring substituting at positions 2, 4, and 8 of hexadecane. The parameters of the DST (t*, n, R 1/2 ) are correlated with the foaming ability of the same surfactant solutions. The results indicated that the molecular diffusion in the solution, adsorption, and arrangement at the air/water interface were changed with different molecular structures: changing the substituted position of benzene ring from 2 to 8 of hexadecane, the value of t* and n decrease, and the value of R 1/2 increases, which lead to the high dynamic surface activity and high foam volume. The foam stability is correlated with the high surface dilational elasticity and the strength of surface monolayer: changing the substituted position of benzene ring from 2 to 8 of hexadecane, the branched-alkyl chain becomes more flexible, which is characterized by densely packed adsorbed molecules and high film elasticity of the adsorption film. Therefore, the foam stability increases. 相似文献
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利用MPTC型气泡压力张仪研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液在不同NaCl 浓度下的动态表面吸附性质, 分析了离子型表面活性剂在表面吸附层和胶束中形成双电层结构产生表面电荷对动态表面扩散过程和胶束性质的影响. 结果表明, SDS在表面吸附过程中, 表面电荷的存在会产生5.5 kJ·mol-1的吸附势垒(Ea), 显著降低十二烷基硫酸根离子(DS-)的有效扩散系数(Deff). 十二烷基硫酸根离子的有效扩散系数与自扩散系数(D)的比值(Deff/D)仅为0.013, 这表明SDS与非离子型表面活性剂不同, 在吸附初期为混合动力控制吸附机制. 加入NaCl可以降低吸附势垒. 当加入不小于80 mmol·L-1 NaCl后, Ea小于0.3 kJ·mol-1, Deff/D在0.8-1.2之间, 表现出与非离子型表面活性剂相同的扩散控制吸附机制. 同时, 通过分析SDS胶束溶液的动态表面张力获得了表征胶束解体速度的常数(k2). 发现随着NaCl 浓度的增大, k2减小, 表明SDS胶束表面电荷的存在会增加十二烷基硫酸根离子间的排斥力, 促进胶束解体. 相似文献
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Xiao-Chun Wang Lei Zhang Qing-Tao Gong Lin Wang Lu Zhang Lan Luo 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(3):346-352
In this article, foaming properties and dynamic interfacial properties of a series of sodium 2,5-dialkyl benzene sulfonates in aqueous solutions were carried out to elucidate the relationship between foaming properties and dynamic interfacial properties. The properties of foams generated from bubbling air through different surfactant solutions were measured using a modified Bikerman device. The dynamic surface tension and surface dilational elasticity were obtained from an image analysis technique based on the oscillating bubble method. The surfactants molecular adsorption at the air/water interface was introduced with Rosen empirical equation and the rate of adsorption was determined from measurements of the dynamic surface tension. The surfactant with the longest alkyl chain shows the lowest dynamic surface activity, which lead to the lowest foam volume. The short ortho straight alkyl chain has little effect on the arrangement of molecules at the interface and the foam stability changes a little with the changing of the ortho alkyl chain length. The foam stability is correlated with both the higher surface dilational elasticity and the larger surface monolayer strength. 相似文献
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乙烯等离子体处理的云母表面结构及表面性质 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用元素分析、色-质谱、裂解气相色谱和顺磁共振等方法研究了经乙烯等离子体处理的云母表面化学结构及处理过程。结果表明,云母颗粒表面形成了厚数十埃的等离子体聚乙烯膜,其化学结构与反应体系中无云母时得到的等离子体聚乙烯膜相同。通过扫描电镜观察到云母片表面的聚合膜具有规则的海星状花样,随处理时间的延长花样按比例长大。水与云母表面的接触角数据说明,乙烯等离子体处理使云母表面的疏水性提高到聚乙烯的水平,比氩气等离子体、硅烷偶联剂及钛酸酯偶联剂处理的效果均更为显著。 相似文献
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Zhi-juan Zhang Chun-xia Wang Yong Wang Shu-hua Niu Chang-gui Liu De-gang Fu 《化学物理学报(中文版)》2007,20(6):796-800
"?Fluorescence spectra of naked gold nanoparticles, triphenylphosphine stabled gold nanoparticles, and 3-mercaptopropionic acid substituted gold nanoparticles were studied. It was found that fluorescence intensities of gold nanoparticles were highly sensitive to surface molecules. The fluorescence quenching effect of these gold nanoparticles on CdSe nanoparticles was also investigated. This quenching effect was related to the overlap degree between the absorption spectra of gold nanoparticles and the emission spectrum of CdSe nanoparticles, and was surface-dependent as well. " 相似文献
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用振荡射流法分别测定了不同温度下全氟辛酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、二聚氯乙烯正辛醇醚溶液(浓度低于CMC)的动表面张力,讨论了它们的表面吸附动力学,研究结果表明都是扩散控制。 相似文献
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利用Wilhelmy片技术和躺滴法研究了端羟基化聚苯乙烯的表面性质.结果表明,端羟基化对聚苯乙烯在空气面的接触角基本没有影响(89°),而在玻璃面的接触角则大大降低(66°),其降低幅度与分子量及分子量分布有关.这与动态接触角的测定结果基本一致,而且宽分子量分布的端羟基化聚苯乙烯的前进接触角(θa)随着温度的升高而降低,于40℃时达到最低值.而窄分子量分布样品的动态接触角基本不变.样品与不同温度水接触后表面接触角的变化也基本相似.DMA研究结果表明,样品损耗模量、储能模量和tanδ从40℃开始发生突变,刚好与接触角最低值的温度相对应.这是由于宽分子量分布样品中的较低分子量组分在表面聚集,导致表面分子具有较高的活动能力.接触角随温度的变化趋势可能是聚合物表面分子运动能力增加和结晶程度变化等因素综合作用的结果. 相似文献