乙硫醇在MFI和MOR沸石中扩散行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟计算了乙硫醇分子在MFI和MOR两种拓扑结构沸石中的动力学性质,比较了乙硫醇不同负载量和沸石晶格原子刚性和柔性两种状态下乙硫醇分子在沸石孔道中扩散系数的大小。模拟结果表明,对于这两种沸石,负载量增加,扩散系数减小。对于MFI沸石,在刚性和柔性沸石结构的情况下,扩散系数分别为3×10－10m2/s和4×10－9m2/s;对于MOR沸石,在刚性和柔性结构的情况下,扩散系数分别为2×10－7m2/s和3×10－8m2/s。对于MFI沸石,柔性结构下的扩散系数比刚性结构下的扩散系数要大,而对于MOR却呈现出相反的行为。对比这两种沸石,MOR中的扩散系数要比MFI沸石中大,这是因为乙硫醇分子在MOR12元环中扩散更易进行所致。相互作用能的计算结果表明,MFI中交叉型和直型孔道活性位相近,MOR孔道中12元环与4元环孔道相差较大。     

动态法测定丝光沸石的吸附系数和有效扩散系数

本文用动态法研究丝光沸石的吸附和扩散性能。以氮气作示踪剂,在经改装的色谱仪上分别测定了氮气在天然和合成丝光沸石上的吸附平衡常数和有效扩散系数。实验结果表明,氮气在合成丝光沸石上具有较大的吸附平衡常数和有效扩散系数。把天然丝光沸石的微粒磨细至5—9μm可改善其吸附和扩散性能。     

L型沸石的合成及其性能的研究

本文利用水热法合成Ｌ型沸石导向剂，应用ＸＲＤ，电子衍射等方法得出其导向活性的形成由诱导期，活性生长期及活性稳定期三个阶段组成，并证明导向活性组分是Ｌ型沸石的晶核前驱，且表面富硅，其晶胞常数α＝１．８３ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．７５ｎｍ；由晶核前驱至晶核形成和晶体成长过程的表观活化能分别为－２９ｋｊ／ｍｏｌ和－７８ｋｊ／ｍｏｌ。我们还利用该导向剂合成出不同颗粒度的Ｌ型沸石，并分别测定他们的水，苯和正已烷的吸...     

钠改型天然斜发沸石的铵离子交换平衡

对分别来自国内三个产地和澳大利亚的天然斜发沸石样品进行了铵离子交换性能的研究，在25℃下测定了样品的总交换容量和平衡等温线，根据测定的平衡等温线，提出了表示沸石平衡情况的双孔道组合模型，并用文献报道的结果对模型进行检验，此模型不仅与实验结果较好地符合而且也适用于文献报道的结果。     

不同孔结构两亲性沸石的制备及其对相界面反应的催化性能

 通过三甲基氯硅烷(TMS)对沸石表面进行修饰,制得了两亲性沸石样品TMS-Hβ, TMS-HY和TMS-HZSM-5,并采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、水饱和吸附量测定和酸碱滴定等手段对改性样品进行了表征. TMS对这三种母体沸石的改性结果有所不同: 对于HZSM-5沸石, TMS仅在外表面修饰; 对于Hβ沸石,少量TMS进入沸石孔道; 而对于HY沸石, TMS则导致沸石结构部分坍塌. 两亲性TMS-HZSM-5和TMS-Hβ沸石在乙酸异戊酯相界面水解反应中表现出明显优于各自母体沸石的催化性能. 两亲性沸石表面硅烷基的稳定性对其催化性能有一定的影响. 相对于TMS-HZSM-5沸石, TMS-Hβ沸石表面硅烷基的稳定性较强; 在较高的相界面反应温度下, TMS-Hβ样品仍能维持两亲性能,表现出较高的催化活性.     

BEA/MOR两相共生分子筛的酸性及其催化性能

 用NH3-TPD方法研究了相同硅铝比不同相组成的BEA/MOR (β沸石与丝光沸石两相共生分子筛)样品的酸性,并考察了其对甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,不同相组成的共生分子筛样品的NH3-TPD谱中均出现两个NH3脱附峰,分别对应于NH3在沸石骨架中弱酸中心和强酸中心上的脱附. BEA/MOR的高温脱附峰温与其丝光沸石含量呈火山形曲线关系,而β沸石与丝光沸石机械混合物的高温脱附峰温与丝光沸石含量呈线性关系; 当丝光沸石相含量超过50%时, BEA/MOR强酸强度明显高于机械混合物,含丝光沸石65%的BEA/MOR样品的强酸强度最强,这表明共生分子筛与机械混合物间存在明显的区别. 用于催化甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应时, BEA/MOR样品上甲醇转化率与丝光沸石含量也呈火山形曲线关系,而机械混合物上甲醇的转化率与丝光沸石含量呈线性关系. 丝光沸石含量超过40%的BEA/MOR样品的催化活性都高于HM, 含丝光沸石65%的BEA/MOR样品活性最高. 硅铝比为11的HM虽然初活性高,但反应60 h后即很快失活,而硅铝比为53的HBEA/MOR初活性稍低,但其稳定性好.     

丝光沸石的疏水化研究

采用不同的脱铝方法得到Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比为１５～１１２的丝光沸石，用ＩＲ方法测定了样品的脱铝空穴含量，并考察样品的热稳定性和疏水性，实验结果表明，脱铝后形成的大量末端硅羟基仍有亲水性，因而单纯酸脱铝疏水化效果有限，用水蒸汽处理或（ＮＨ４）２ＳｉＦ６补硅的方法使沸石表面硅羟基转变成≡Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｓｉ≡键，能显著地提高沸石疏水性。     

化学液相沉积法调变沸石孔径及异构体择形分离

本文用化学液相沉积方法精细调变NaY沸石孔径, 在适当的溶剂中硅酯与沸石吸附水或表面羟基作用而沉积于沸石外表面, 沸石孔口有效地被缩小。制备了一系列氧化硅沉积量不同的SiNaY沸石, 红外光谱、比表面和孔体积测量结果表明随着沉积量增加沸石孔径逐渐缩小, 但沸石骨架结构、孔容和内表面性质基本不变。测定了SiNaY样品对于对二甲苯/1, 3, 5-三甲苯, β-甲基萘/α-甲基萘, 1, 2, 4-三甲苯/1, 3, 5-三甲苯, 对二甲苯/间二甲苯和对甲酚/间甲酚五类分子尺寸不同的液体混合体系的择形吸附行为, 发现SiNaY沸石对分子尺寸与沸石孔径相近的混合体系具有良好的择形选择吸附分离性能。     

MCM－22沸石的孔结构和酸分布特性对苯与丙烯烷基化反应产物分布的影响

 根据测试结果，得到了MCM－22和具有相同硅铝比的β沸石的酸中心数及其分布，系统地研究了反应条件对苯与丙烯烷基化反应产物分布的影响；结合扩散系数与扩散势能，讨论了产物分布与MCM－22沸石孔道及酸性质的关系，并与β沸石进行了比较．苯烷基化反应发生在MCM－22沸石的外表面上，其空间位阻较小；在相同的反应条件下，与发生在β沸石十二元环孔道内的苯烷基化反应相比，异丙苯的选择性低2％～4％，二异丙苯的选择性高0．5％～5％，三异丙苯的生成量多10余倍．位于MCM－22沸石十元环二维正弦波形孔道的B酸中心，由于空间位阻大，很难发生苯烷基化反应，但可发生丙烯齐聚反应，故MCM－22沸石上有较多的丙烯齐聚物生成．β沸石上生成正丙苯的量是MCM－22沸石上的3～4倍．     

Na型斜发沸石上Na+-Cu2+离子交换过程动力学

用静态离子交换法研究了Ｎａ型斜发沸石上２Ｎａ＝Ｃｕ＾２＋离子交换动力学，分别测定了液膜扩散常数Ｒ，粒内扩散系数Ｄ和滞留时间Ｔｄ，实验发现，离子交换起始为液膜扩散控制，随后在交换的大部分时间内为粒内扩散控制，并就温度、浓度对离子交换过程速率，Ｃｕ＾２＋平衡交换数量以及滞留时间的影响进行了讨论。     

MICROCALORIMETRY ON BACILLUS SP.NTT-61

The fundamental growth thermograms of Bacillus sp.NTT-61 have been de-termined by microcalorimetric method.From these growth curves we got some thermo-kinetics data of its growth and its thermodynamic properties.     

马蔺子化学成分的研究

从马蔺子(Iris pallasii Fisch. var. Chinensfs Fisch.)的种皮中分离得到一种醌类化合物,命名为马蔺子甲素,C₂₄H₃₈O₃,熔点45～47℃,通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱以及化学降解,推定其结构式为6-甲氧基-2-⊿^10'-顺十七烯-1,4-苯醌,与文献^[12]报道的irisquinone为同一物质.     

EFFECT OF STRESSES ON POLYMER OXIDATION. QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS. III. KINETICS

Abstract

In the previous review cyclic molecules (model compounds) in reactions not involving ring opening and physical properties of stressed polymers were considered.     

EFFECT OF STRESSES ON POLYMER OXIDATION. QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS. II. PLASTICS

Abstract

In the previous paper of this series we considered corrosive degradation of polydiene elastomers subjected to tensile stresses. In this paper other polymer materials will be considered, in particular, semicrystalline polymers in a highly elastic state, viz., high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), isotactic polypropylene (PP), polyamides of different chemical structure, PE/PP mixtures, and a few others. Besides, data for polymers in the glassy state will also be presented, although they are of lesser interest in regard of the effect of structural strains on reactivity because of the long relaxation times involved.     

EFFECT OF SPLIT-DOSE U.V. IRRADIATION ON DIPLOID YEAST

Abstract— Recovery from sublethal damage by u.v. irradiation as measured by the split-dose technique was investigated in stationary phase populations of diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ft has been found that only about 35 per cent of the irradiated population is able to undergo recovery before the first subsequent cell division. The qualitative pattern is not changed if maximum photoreactivation is allowed after the first dose. Measurements of the decay of photoreactibility show that primary photo-products are still present up to six hours after irradiation.     

STUDY ON AB-CROSSLINKED POLYMERS Ⅰ. THE SYNTHESIS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AB-CROSSLINKED POLYMERS BASED. ON PU/PS

The AB-crosslinked polymers (i.e. ABCP) with polystyrene as chain A and vinyl group blocked prepolymers of polyurethanes (PU) as chain B were synthesized and studied. The results of dynamic mechanical spectrometry (DMS) show that the compatibility between the components A and B can be improved greatly through chemical crosslinking during the formation of ABCPs. This effect is especially pronounced when short chain prepolymers is chosen as one of the components. It is apparent that the degree of crosslinking between the two components plays a major role in determining their compatibility. Copolymerizafion of styrene with maleic anhydride in chain A can improve the compatibility and broaden the damping temperature range. Mechanical properties of the sythesized ABCPs were also studied.     

Schiff碱配合物的研究：Ⅶ.硅胶表面Schiff碱的配位作用

有机高分子Schiff碱对金属离子的螯合作用已引起人们的兴趣。硅胶为无定形高比表面无机高分子,通过氯甲基化,可进行多种化学反应而形成各种表面基团。本文报道四种新型硅胶表面Schiff碱(图1),考察了它们对Cu~(2 ),Co~(2 ),Cd~(2 )和Pb~(2 )的配位作用。     

STUDIES ON PROMOTION OF UPD OF. LEAD FOR ELECTRO-OXIDATION OF FORMIC ACID ON PLATINUM

Using potential sweep and potential-time sequence techniques,we have studied the promotion of the UPD of lead for the electrocata-lytic oxidation of formic aeid on platinum in the HClO4 aqueous solution.The results show that the first oxidation peak in the anodic direction and the oxidation peak in the cathodic direction in the cyclic voitammogram are attributed to the oxid-ation of the same weakly adsorbed intermediate,while the second and third oxidation peaks in the anodic direction are attributed to the oxidation of the two different strongly adsorbed intermediates.Furthermore,all these intermediates appear as the linear adsorption on the platinum surface and they are probably single bonded species,Pt-HCOO,and multiple bonded species,Pt=CO and Pt=COH,respectively.So the function of the UPD of lead for the electro-oxidation of formic acid is neither a third-body effect nor the decrease of nydrogen adsorption thus preventing the formation of poisoning species.The role of the UPD of lead should be an e     

ADSORPTION OF SULFOXIDES ON SOLID FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Ⅲ.THE ADSORPTION ON CARBON BLACK

The adsorption of decylmethylsulfoxide (DEMS) onto carbon black and the effects of temperature, salt (NaCl) and acid (HCl) have been measured.Typical two plateaux type adsorption isotherms were obtained. Applying the two step model of surfactant adsorption on solid/liquld interface and the general adsorption isotherm equation[9]the experimental results were interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively.