温度敏感型树枝状大分子衍生物的合成及药物控制释放

通过加入偶联剂活化末端羧基基团进行酰胺化反应, 将得到的带有羧基末端基团的温敏性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝到整代的树枝状大分子聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)上, 制备了树枝状大分子衍生物PAMAM-g-PNIPAm, 通过FTIR和¹H NMR表征其结构, 通过GPC和¹H NMR测定其分子量, 从而验证了接枝产物的形成; 通过紫外-可见分光光度计测定其在不同pH值缓冲液中的低临界溶胀/溶解温度(LCST)值, 发现产物的LCST值受缓冲液pH值的影响很大, 接枝前后的LCST值也发生了变化. 选用难溶性药物吲哚美辛作为模型药物, 考察了树枝状大分子及其温度敏感性衍生物PAMAM-g-PNIPAm作为载体对药物的包载、增溶和不同温度环境下的释放行为. 结果表明, 树枝状大分子衍生物对吲哚美辛具有增溶和控制释放的性能, 在难溶性药物的控制释放领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

己二胺为核低代树枝状大分子的合成与性能

以己二胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,甲醇为溶剂,采用迈克尔加成和酰胺化缩合反应合成了低代己二胺为核的树枝状大分子。主要考察了反应条件对己二胺为核1.0G树枝状大分子收率的影响,当n(己二胺为核0.5G树枝状大分子)∶n(己二胺)=1∶6,反应温度50℃,反应时间24h,收率为69.36%。研究了以己二胺为核的1.0G树枝状大分子对O/W型模拟乳液的破乳性能。结果表明:在45℃、添加量为200ppm、60min的条件下,己二胺为核的1.0G树枝状大分子的破乳率达到80.28%。     

新型手性树枝状二胺配体的合成及其应用

首先采用汇聚法合成了树枝状大分子羧酸;树枝状大分子羧酸与修饰的DPEN连接后,脱去保护基得到了两个新型手性树枝状二胺配体(4和9).当以铑络合物(Rh-4或Rh-9)为催化剂,以甲酸钠为氢源,进行水相中芳香酮的不对称转移氢化反应时,Rh-4显示了较高的催化活性.     

基于原子转移自由基聚合和“Click”化学方法制备手性色谱固定相

应用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法和"Click"化学方法,以含叠氮基的烯类化合物为单体,在硅胶表面引发聚合,制备了"梳状"手性固定相.该固定相的合成采用"接出"方法接枝聚合物链,使接枝层更为均匀,并且避免了传统合成方法(如物理吸附等)稳定性差的缺点.所得到的"梳状"手性固定相实现了对一些手性药物的分离;并考察了该固定相中聚合物链的密度和长度对其手性分离能力的影响.     

具有高离子识别能力的镉离子表面印迹材料的制备及其离子识别机理的研究

采用氨基-过硫酸盐氧化还原引发体系, 先实现了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合, 制得高接枝度的接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO₂. 然后使接枝大分子PHEMA的侧羟基与5-氯-8-羟基喹啉(CHQ)发生亲核取代反应, 将8-羟基喹啉(HQ)基团键合在接枝大分子侧链, 使接枝大分子PHEMA实现8-羟基喹啉功能化转变, 制得表面含有高密度HQ基团的功能接枝微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO₂, 考察研究了功能微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO₂对Cd²⁺离子的强螯合吸附作用. 在此基础上, 采用本课题组建立的新的分子表面印迹技术, 以Cd²⁺离子为模板离子, 二氯乙醚为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的功能大分子链HQ-PHEMA进行了离子印迹, 制备了Cd²⁺离子表面印迹材料IIP-HQP/SiO₂, 深入考察研究了其离子识别与结合特性. 实验结果表明, 该离子表面印迹材料对Cd²⁺离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺两种对比离子, 印迹材料IIP-HQP/SiO₂对Cd²⁺离子的识别选择性系数分别高达25.52和22.91, 显示出超高的离子识别能力.     

咖啡因替代物(茶碱)分子表面印迹材料的制备及其分子识别特性研究

采用巯基-过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)氧化还原引发体系,先实现了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2.使接枝大分子PGMA的环氧基团与5-氨基水杨酸(ASA)发生开环反应,将水杨酸基团键合在接枝大分子侧链,制得功能接枝微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2,并对其化学结构与表面电性能进行了表征.考察研究了功能微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2与咖啡因替代物茶碱分子之间的相互作用力.研究表明,微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2与茶碱分子之间存在有强的次价键力(静电和氢键相互作用).在此基础上,采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术,以咖啡因替代物茶碱为模板分子,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂,对接枝在硅胶表面的功能大分子链SA-PGMA进行了交联印迹,制备了茶碱分子表面印迹材料MIP-SAP/SiO2,深入考察研究了其分子识别特性.实验结果表明,相对于两种对照物甘油茶碱和苦参碱,印迹材料MIP-SAP/SiO2对茶碱分子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性,相对于甘油茶碱,印迹材料对茶碱的识别选择性系数为7.72.     

微波辅助合成聚酰胺-胺修饰硅胶及其对牛血清白蛋白的吸附性能研究

采用微波辅助合成法制备了聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子修饰硅胶,并考察了其对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的吸附性能。PAMAM修饰硅胶的合成条件通过元素分析进行考察,不同代数PAMAM修饰硅胶通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法表征。结果表明,在微波辅助下制备的PAMAM修饰硅胶的红外光谱图中出现酰胺的特征吸收峰与采用传统加热方法的文献报道一致,而采用微波辅助和传统加热方法的反应时间分别为40min和24h,由此说明微波辅助合成聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子修饰硅胶是可行的。同时研究还发现聚酰胺-胺修饰硅胶对蛋白的吸附能力比未经修饰的硅胶强,而且蛋白的吸附量随着聚酰胺-胺代数的增加而增加。     

(聚酰胺-胺)-水杨醛席夫碱树枝状大分子钯配合物的合成、表征及催化性能

首先通过发散法合成出1.0G～5.0G聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子PAMAM;然后利用氨基与醛的脱水缩合反应,用水杨醛对大分子进行修饰合成出(聚酰胺-胺)-水杨醛席夫碱树枝状大分子配体PAMAMSA;再通过PAMAMSA与氯钯酸锂在甲醇中反应制得一系列钯配合物PAMAMSA-Pd.用红外光谱、核磁共振谱、热重-差热法对所合成的材料结构组成进行了表征与确证.研究了在纯水介质中PAMAMSA-Pd作为催化剂前躯体对碘代苯及其衍生物与丙烯酸Heck交叉偶联反应的催化性能,并比较了钯配合物和PdCl2的催化活性,结果表明树枝状大分子催化剂显示出良好的催化活性,其中1.0G PAMAMSA-Pd和5.0G PAMAMSA-Pd的活性较高.     

硅胶表面抗蚜威分子印迹聚甲基丙烯酸的制备及识别特性

通过γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介作用,将功能大分子聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)逐步接枝到硅胶微粒表面,形成了表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸的硅胶微粒(PMAA/SiO2);以抗蚜威为模板分子、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂,通过氢键和静电作用,对接枝到硅胶表面的PMAA进行分子印迹,制备了抗蚜威分子表面印迹材料硅胶表面分子印迹聚甲基丙烯酸MIP-PMAA/SiO2;采用静态与动态两种方法研究了 MIP-PMAA/SiO2 对抗蚜威的结合特性,并考察了主要印迹条件 pH、混合溶剂中乙醇含量以及交联剂用量对印迹材料结合选择性能的影响.结果表明:表面印迹材料 MIP-PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威具有特异的结合选择性,相对于参比物残杀威,印迹前 PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威的吸附选择系数为 1.52,而表面印迹材料 MIP-PMAA/SiO2 对抗蚜威的吸附选择系数提高到 12.2.另外该印迹材料具有优良的洗脱与再生性能.     

采用新型分子表面印迹技术构建手性空穴实现对手性药物对映体的分子识别与高效拆分

通过偶联剂γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷（AMPS）的媒介,通过表面引发接枝,将功能单体甲基丙烯酸（MAA）接枝聚合在微米级硅胶微粒表面,制得功能接枝微粒PMAA/SiO2;采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术,以四咪唑（TM）为模型手性药物,用其左旋对映体L-TM为模板分子,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚（EGDE）为交联剂,对接枝在...     

Pt-TiO2/Graphene催化剂的氧还原和甲醇氧化电催化性能研究

以二(2-羟基丙酸)二氢氧化二铵合钛（TBA）和氧化石墨烯（GO）为前驱体,通过水热法合成出不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂/Graphene（TiO2/G）复合材料,随之用微波醇热法还原Pt前驱体可得Pt-TiO₂/G催化剂. 实验结果表明,TiO₂可与Pt相互作用,添入适量TiO₂的Pt-TiO₂/G催化剂具有较高的氧还原电催化活性及甲醇氧化的电催化活性与稳定性. 但TiO₂电导率偏低,过量TiO₂的添入反而使其电催化性能降低.     

Multiple fluorescence spectra and stable encapsulation of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and rhodamine 6g in silicate glasses by the sol-gel method

7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin(4-methylumbelliferone, HMC) and Rhodamine 6G(R6G) were encapsulated into silicate polymeric glass prepared by the sol-gel method under acidic, basic, and neutral conditions from tetraethyl orthosilicate. The fluorescence spectra of these molecules encapsulated into the xerogel state depend on the used catalysts. Three types of fluorescence emissions having peak wavelengths of ca. 390 nm, 470 nm, and 550 run, respectively, were observed simultaneously in the xerogel state composed of HMC and R6G which were prepared by acid catalysts. The encapsulated HMC remains stable for more than one year in the prepared xerogel. The results open the way to the development of simultaneous three-band laser emissions. The observation of the fluorescence spectrum of HMC is useful for a molecular level photophysical probe elucidating the structural changes oftetraethyl orthosilicate during sol to gel to xerogel transitions.     

树状化-线形两亲嵌段聚合物的合成及自组装研究

合成了缩酮保护的一代甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯单体DHEMA(G1),通过顺序ATRP聚合方法,制备得到大分子引发剂PDHEMA(G1)-Br,再引发苯乙烯单体得到一代嵌段聚合物PDHEMA(G1)-b-PS.以PDHEMA(G1)-b-PS为反应前体,通过重复的缩酮保护和脱保护反应,进一步得到了二代和三代的树状化-线形两亲嵌段...     

Influence of Crosslinking and Porosity on the Uranium Adsorption of Macroreticular Chelating Resin Containing Amidoxime Groups

Macroreticular chelating resins (RNH) containing amidoxime groups with various degrees of crosslinking were synthesized by using various amounts of divinylbenzene (DVB) or/and poly(ethylene glycol) dimeth-acrylate [ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (IG), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2G), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (3G), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (4G), and nanoethylene glycol dimethacrylate (9G)] as crosslinking reagent. The effects of crosslinking reagents on the pore structure, ion-exchange capacity, swelling ratio, and adsorption ability for uranium of RNH were investigated. The adsorption ability of RNH for uranium was tested by use of natural seawater or U-spiked seawater. RNH-1G samples prepared by using 1G were shown to have macroreticular structures by measuring the specific surface area. RNH-1G had high adsorption ability and good physical stability. Though RNH-4G samples obtained by using 4G had little macroreticular structure (macropore), these resins showed high adsorption ability for uranium on treatment with 0. 1 M NaOH at 30°C for 15 h. RNH-4G was found to have low physical and chemical stability. For the preparation of RNH with effective pore structure for the recovery of uranium, as well as chemical and physical stability, the simultaneous use of DVB and 1G or 4G as crosslinking reagent was examined (abbreviated as RNH-DVB-1G and RNH-DVB-4G). The RNH-DVB-1G showed high adsorption ability for uranium. Repeated use did not cause deterioration of either RNH-DVB-1G or RNH-DVB-4G. RNH-DVB-1G samples with various degrees of crosslinking were prepared, and the uranium recovery of the resins was also investigated by a column method. Although the RNH-DVB-1G samples with the same degree of crosslinking had almost the same content of amidoxime groups, the uranium recovery of each RNH-DVB-1G sample was considerably different and increased by treatment with alkali solution. These results indicate that the adsorption ability of RNH-DVB-1G for uranium in seawater was not only affected by the macropores but also by the micropores formed by swelling of the resins.     

Preparation and characterization of novel physically cross-linked hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are water-soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which have been widely applied in biomedical fields. In this paper, novel physically cross-linked hydrogels composed of PVA and amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimer G6-NH(2) were prepared by cyclic freezing/thawing treatment of aqueous solutions containing PVA and G6-NH(2). The FT-IR analysis and elemental analysis indicated that PAMAM dendrimer G6-NH(2) was successfully introduced into the formed hydrogels, possibly via hydrogen bonds among hydroxyl groups, amide groups and amino groups in PVA and PAMAM dendrimer in the process of freezing-thawing cycle. Compared with physically cross-linked PVA hydrogel, PVA/G6-NH(2) hydrogels show higher swelling ratios and faster re-swelling rate due to the higher hydrophilicity of PAMAM dendrimer G6-NH(2). Higher contents of G6-NH(2) in PVA/G6-NH(2) hydrogels resulted in higher swelling ratios and faster re-swelling rates. With increasing freezing/thawing cyclic times, the swelling ratios and re-swelling rates of PVA/G6-NH(2) hydrogels decreased, which is similar to that of physically cross-linked PVA hydrogel. Combining the special host property of polyamidoamine dendrimer, these novel physically cross-linked hydrogels are expected to have potential use in drug delivery, including improving drug-loading amounts in hydrogels and prolonging drug release time. Swelling ratios of physically cross-linked PVA/G6-NH(2)-50 hydrogels prepared by three, six, nine freezing/thawing cycles. The swelling equilibrium experiments were carried out in distilled water at 25 degrees C.     

Morphological change of gold-dendrimer nanocomposites by laser irradiation

Gold-dendrimer nanocomposites are prepared in aqueous solutions in the presence of poly(amidoamine)dendrimers (PAMAM) (generation 3 and 5) or poly(propyleneimine)dendrimers (PPI) (generation 3 and 4) by wet chemical NaBH(4) method. Thus prepared gold-dendrimer nanocomposites are irradiated by laser at 532 nm. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the gold nanoparticles grow with the laser irradiation time as well as the fluence of the laser; in particular, the gold nanoparticles prepared at lower concentrations of PAMAM dendrimer as well as lower generations of PAMAM grow significantly. On the other hand, in the case of PPI dendrimers, the gold nanoparticles hardly grow by irradiation. In addition, dynamic light-scattering measurements show that the laser irradiation markedly promotes the association of the gold-PAMAM G3 dendrimer nanocomposites compared to that of the gold-PAMAM G5 dendrimer nanocomposites, while the sizes of association for the gold-PPI G3, G4 dendrimer nanocomposites hardly change by laser irradiation.     

Luminescence properties of rhodamine 6G intercalated in surfactant/clay hybrid thin solid films

To develop the solid-state laser oscillator based on laser dye compounds, the incorporation of rhodamine 6G (R6G, a laser dye) in cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) cationic surfactant/montmorillonite clay hybrid (HpC) thin solid films was investigated. The R6G/HpC samples were prepared by immersing the HpC films into a R6G aqueous solution with various concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films of HpC, measured before and after the intercalation of R6G, proved the coexistence of both the dye and surfactant in clay interlayer spaces. All prepared thin films exhibited luminescence. It indicates that CTA+ molecules play a role as a partial suppressor of the aggregation of R6G molecules which prevents fluorescence. Moreover, the luminescence property of the present thin films was observed to be dependent on the co-intercalated degree of R6G molecules, indicating that the R6G intercalating in HpC interlayer space molecules exist as two or more luminescence species in the clay interlayer space.     

Lifetime regulation of the charge-separated state in DNA by modulating the oxidation potential of guanine in DNA through hydrogen bonding

A series of naphthalimide (NI)- and 5-bromocytosine ((br)C)-modified oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were prepared, and their lifetimes of the charge-separated states during the photosensitized one-electron oxidation of DNA were measured. Various lifetimes of the charge-separated states were observed depending on the sequence and the incorporation sites of (br)C, and the oxidation potential of G in the (br)C:G base-pair relative to that of G in the C:G base-pair and in the GGG sequence was determined by comparing the lifetimes of the charge-separated states. The change in the cytosine C5 hydrogen to bromine resulted in a 24 mV increase in the oxidation potential of G in the (br)C:G base-pair as compared to that of G in the C:G base-pair, the value of which is comparable to a 58 mV decrease in the oxidation potential of G in the GGG sequence. These results clearly demonstrate that hole transfer in DNA can be controlled through hydrogen bonding by introducing a substituent on the cytosine.     

Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering on electrochemically roughened silver substrates prepared in bielectrolyte solutions

In this work, the effect of supplemental LiClO₄ electrolytes in KCl solutions used in roughening silver substrates by electrochemical triangular-wave oxidation-reduction cycles (ORC) on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was first investigated. To prepare SERS-active substrates by ORC procedures, electrolytes of KCl were generally employed. In contrast, LiClO₄ ones were unsuitable for producing SERS-active substrates. Encouragingly, SERS of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on the roughened Ag substrate prepared in an aqueous solution containing KCl and LiClO₄ electrolytes exhibits a higher intensity by one order of magnitude, as compared with that of R6G adsorbed on a roughened Ag substrate prepared in a solution only containing KCl. Further investigations indicate that the oxidation state of Cl on the roughened Ag substrate demonstrates decided effects on this improved SERS.     

Characterization of magnetic nanoparticles modified with thiol functionalized PAMAM dendron for DNA recovery

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with the thiol functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron were synthesized to estimate their DNA recovery capabilities. Aminosilane-modified MNPs and MNPs surrounded by a phospholipid (distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)) bilayer were used as core particles. Cystamine-core PAMAM dendrimers were reduced by dithiothreitol to dendron thiols and chemically conjugated to the core particles. Characterization of the synthesis revealed an increase of the surface amine charge from generation 1 (G1) to G6, starting with an aminosilane initiator. Particle size distribution analysis indicated that G6 PAMAM-modified MNPs exhibited monodispersity in an aqueous solution. G6 PAMAM-MNPs and G6 PAMAM-PE-MNPs synthesized by the proposed method have equivalent DNA recovery abilities to PAMAM-MNPs prepared by the conventional divergent synthesis method. In optimized conditions, 96% of λDNA was recovered using G6 PAMAM-PE-MNPs. Therefore, the method for preparing PAMAM-MNPs and PAMAM-PE-MNPs proposed in this study will be a novel approach for producing DNA carriers for efficient DNA purification by magnetic separation.