自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统与精度建模

为了解决自由曲面光学透镜光学表面面形的高精度测量问题 ,提出了一种可用于自由曲面光学透镜面形测量的图像变换光学曲面面形测量系统。从测量系统的测量原理出发 ,分析了测量过程中各种误差对测量精度的影响 ,推导出了自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统的测量误差公式 ,建立了自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统的测量精度数学模型 ,得到了该测量系统具有很高测量精度的结论 ,并且用实验给予验证。     

光电经纬仪姿态测量精度分析及室内评价方法

为了实现光电经纬仪姿态测量精度的室内测试和评价,介绍了光电经纬仪姿态测量方法,依据蒙特卡罗方法对测量站的姿态测量误差源进行了分析,得出姿态测量精度的主要影响因素,进而提出了一种室内姿态测量精度检测方法。基于外场理论弹道、目标姿态以及测量站站址,通过逆姿态测量理论计算得到姿态测量原始数据,再将姿态测量原始数据输入姿态测量设备,通过比较理论目标姿态和姿态测量设备给出的目标姿态,得到姿态测量设备的姿态测量精度。依据该方法,对某型号姿态测量设备进行了姿态测量精度检测。通过实验可得到该姿态测量设备的姿态测量精度,即航向角测量误差不大于1.9°,俯仰角测量误差不大于0.4°。     

重力测量应用及其在冷原子技术驱动下的发展趋势

冷原子技术是一种量子精密测量技术,能够高精度、高空间分辨率测量重力信息,并具有动态测量能力。目前在高精度绝对重力测量、海空重力测量,以及卫星重力测量应用中受限于传统重力测量技术的物理极限,难以实现亚微伽级和动态绝对重力测量,限制了重力测量应用的发展。通过总结冷原子绝对重力技术进展和当前重力测量应用需求,分析了未来在冷原子技术驱动下的重力测量应用发展趋势。     

卡尔曼滤波在激光跟踪测量系统中的应用

激光跟踪测量系统对于测量运动目标空间位置是行之有效的,但在测量过程中,各种干扰噪声的影响会降低测量精度。采用卡尔曼滤波来减小噪声的影响以提高测量精度。介绍了激光跟踪测量系统,建立了状态方程和测量方程,给出了卡尔曼滤波算法,仿真结果表明,运用卡尔曼滤波大大提高了测量系统的精度。     

HIAF-BRing快脉冲二极磁铁磁场测量系统

介绍了强流重离子加速器装置HIAF(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility)项目增强器BRing(Booster Ring)快脉冲二极磁铁的性能指标、测量要求和测量方法,描述了快脉冲二极磁铁稳态磁场测量系统及动态磁场测量系统的构成。在稳态磁场测量中,为提高积分磁场测量精度和测量效率,长线圈测量系统采用了on fly技术;在动态磁场测量中,研制了用于磁场延迟及磁场畸变测量的矩阵线圈。通过样机磁铁的测量,完成了测量系统的性能指标验证和磁铁的稳态磁场测量。实测结果表明,样机磁铁的设计和制造均达到了预期指标,并依据测量数据完成了磁铁的二次削斜。     

测量条件对掺锡氧化铟薄膜电学测量结果的影响

用van der Pauw方法测量磁控溅射制备的掺锡氧化铟(ITO)薄膜的电学性能,研究了在室温和冰水混合条件下测量电流大小对电阻率测量结果的影响;在室温条件下测量电流和磁场的大小对载流子浓度和迁移率测量结果的影响.实验结果显示,测量电流为5 mA和测量磁场为0.5 T时,测量结果最佳.     

近距离高准确度光电测距技术的研究

研究了近距离光电测距系统的工作特点,设计了近距离光电测距相机光学系统.基于几何相似法原理,提出几何相似法光电测量系统的测量过程是一个不等准确度测量过程.重点研究了不等准确度测量过程中的测量数据处理技术,给出了测量系统测量数据修正的方法.同时对比了修正前和修正后测量结果的差异,明确指出,采用不等准确度最小二乘法处理测量数据可以提高极近距离处的测量准确度.     

选择正确的测量方法 提高测量灵敏度

选择正确的测量方法　提高测量灵敏度黄少鹏（安徽财贸学院物资贸易工程系蚌埠２３３０４１）一、测量灵敏度的意义物理实验中，测量值的精确度与测量灵敏度有着密切的关系．在实验中，如何提高测量灵敏度，减小测量误差，从而提高测量值的精确度是很重要的问题．测量灵敏...     

合肥光源基于同步光的测量与研究

介绍了合肥光源同步光测量系统,包括条纹相机系统、快速光电测量束团长度系统、束团横向截面测量系统和光位置测量系统.利用条纹相机系统和快速光电测量柬团长度系统进行了束团长度测量和束团伸长效应的研究.利用束流截面测量系统进行了六极铁对横向不稳定性抑制效果和横向反馈系统反馈效果的测量研究.光位置测量系统采用丝型光位置检测器和自行研制了对数处理?用于测量光源点的束流位置和角度.     

基于复合干涉的光纤低相干干涉传感系统研究

研究一种能够进行远程及绝对测量的光纤低相干干涉传感系统。该系统包含两个光纤干涉仪,其中一个光纤干涉仪置于被测场中感应被测量的变化,可实现远程测量;另一个光纤干涉仪解调被测量的值。运用波分复用技术,使用于解调的光纤干涉仪同时工作于低相干干涉和高相干干涉状态。用低相干干涉信号决定被测量的幅值,对被测量实现绝对测量,并使测量量程不受波长限制;同时,用高相干干涉信号对被测量进行高精度的测量。系统的测量量程为6mm,测量分辨率小于1nm,位移实验结果的线性相关系数R为0.99。     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Modification to first-order Born approximation for improved prediction of scattered sound from weakly scattering objects

When deriving the Fourier diffraction theorem based on the first-order Born approximation,the difference between wave number of the scattering object and that of the surrounding medium is ignored,causing substantial errors in sound scattering prediction.This paper modifies the Born approximation by taking into account the amplitude and phase changes between the scattering object and the water due to the wave number difference.By changing the radius and center position of the sampling circle in the Fourier domain,accuracy of the predicted sound scattering is improved.With the modified Born approximation,the computed far-field directional pattern of the scattered sound from a circular cylinder is in good agreement with the rigorous solution.Numerical calculations for several objects with different shapes are used to show applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Study on the radiation problem caused by electron beam loss in accelerator tubes

The beam dynamic code PARMELA was used to simulate the transportation process of accelerating electrons in S-band SW linacs with different energies of 2.5, 6 and 20 MeV. The results indicated that in the ideal condition, the percentage of electron beam loss was 50% in accelerator tubes. Also we calculated the spectrum, the location and angular distribution of the lost electrons. Calculation performed by Monte Carlo code MCNP demonstrated that the radiation distribution of lost electrons was nearly uniform along the tube axis, the angular distributions of the radiation dose rates of the three tubes were similar, and the highest leaking dose was at the angle of 160° with respect to the axis. The lower the energy of the accelerator, the higher the radiation relative leakage. For the 2.5 MeV accelerator, the maximum dose rate reached 5% of the main dose and the one on the head of the electron gun was 1%, both of which did not meet the eligible protection requirement for accelerators. We adopted different shielding designs for different accelerators. The simulated result showed that the shielded radiation leaking dose rates fulfilled the requirement.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Factors affecting the spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium

The spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium is discussed within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. It is shown that spectral shifts and spectral switches are affected both by the polarization of the incident light wave and by the characters of the scat-tering medium. Moreover, numerical results show that the direction at which the spectral switch occurs is governed by the characters of the scattering medium, whereas the magnitude of the spectral switch is affected by the polarization of the incident light wave.     

Temperature Sensitivity Control and Mechanical Stress Effect of Boron-Doped Long-Period Fiber Gratings

We will present in this work the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the doping concentrations of GeO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the core and cladding regions and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shift in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Based on this analysis, the temperature sensitivity was suppressed and enhanced to 0.002 nm/°C and 0.28 nm/°C, respectively. We will also discuss the effect of the residual mechanical stress on the optical and mechanical properties of LPFGs. In particular, we will present the measurement results of the dependence of the refractive index change and mechanical strength on the residual mechanical stress in the boron-doped fibers with depressed clad and matched clad.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Exploitation of the Fiber Capacity in Optical Networks Using Time, Frequency, and Space Division Multiple Accesses

In this work we investigate how to obtain very high capacity transmissions in optical networks taking into account the limitations due to the physical channel. We consider both the case in which all the users are connected by a star coupler and the case in which the users are directly connected by the network topology. As a reference, we consider a ring network and a Shuffle Multihop Network (SMN). The use of optical systems to implement high-capacity networks is numerically investi gated by means of numerical simulations taking into consideration the channel limitations due to the chromatic dispersion, the Kerr effect, and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of the optical amplifiers. In our model, we consider that the signal, during the routing process that is performed at the user position, undergoes only an attenuation. We suppose the use of intensity modulated signals and receivers with direct detection. Packet switching and digital transmission are assumed with soliton and conventional nonreturn to zero signals. Both wave length and time division multiple accesses are considered. The results show that, in the case of the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique, the use of a star coupler to connect the users reduces the capacity of a network with respect to the case in which a direct connection of the users is used. This is due to the strong power fluctuations that are present during the signal propagation and to the large quantity of accumulated ASE noise. On the other hand, the use of a star coupler shows the advantage to being easily reconfigurable. The Wavelength Divison Multiple Access (WDMA) technique permits us to achieve higher capacities with respect to the TDMA. This is due to the fact that in the propagation conditions, due to the presence of a star coupler, high bit rate signals are strongly degraded. On the other hand, several low bit rate signals operating at different wavelengths can propagate with a low power level, avoiding strong degradation due to the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) effect. Among the topologies considered in this work, the SMN is the one that generally permits us to reach the highest throughput because in the SMN the signal hops in a limited number of Network Interface Units (NIUs) before reaching the final destination.     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.