Real Prüfer extensions of commutative rings

Let A⊂R be an extension of commutative rings with 1. We show that A is totally real (i.e. all maximal ideals of A are real) and A⊂R is a Prüfer extension if and only if R is totally real and the holomorphy ring H(R/A) of R over A is A. Received: 2 January 2001 / Revised version: 23 April 2001     

Bounds on Maximal Families of Sets Not Containing Three Sets with A ∩ B ⊂ C, A ⊄ B

Lower and upper estimates are given on the size of a family of subsets of an n-element set containing no three distinct sets satisfying A ∩ B ⊂ C, A ⊄ B. This is a sharpening of an earlier result where the same question was solved under the condition that there are no three distinct sets such that A ∩ B ⊂ C. The second author was supported by the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research grant numbers NK062321, AT048826, the Bulgarian National Science Fund under Grant IO-03/2005 and the projects of the European Community: INTAS 04-77-7171, FIST–MTKD-CT-2004-003006.     

The interior operation in a ψ -density topology

We prove that for an arbitrary setA ⊂ ℝ its interior in aψ-density topology equalsA ∩ φ^β(B), whereB is a measurable kernel ofA andβ is some countable ordinal. Moreover, eachβ, 1≤β<Ω, realizes the interior ofA for someA εS.     

Extensions of commutative rings in which trees of prime ideals contract to trees

Résumé  Une extensionA⊂B des anneaux (commutatifs) satisfait à la propriété si tout arbre dans Spec(B) couvre un arbre dans Spec(A). Il est possible qu'une extension entière d'un anneau Noethérien ne satisfait pas à . SiA⊂B soit unei-extension satisfaisante à soit “going-up” soit “going-down”, alorsA⊂B satisfait à . Cependant, une extension d'anneaux satisfaisante à “going-up”, “going-down”, et peut être nonunibranche dans hauteur >1. Un anneau intègreA a le spectre d'un arbre si et seulement siA⊂B satisfait àP pour tout anneau intègreB contenantA (resp., suranneau de BézoutB deA). De plus, si un anneau intègreA n'ait pas de spectre d'un arbre mais soit localement de dimension finie, (par exemple, tout anneau intègre Noethérien de dimension au moins 2), alors il existe un suranneau de BézoutB deA et un arbre saturé dans Spec(B) de sorte que card=4 et l'image de à l'égard de la flèche canonique Spec(B)→Spec(A) est un ensemble saturé tel que card =3 mais n'est pas d'arbre. On donne également des caractérisations associées des classes desi-domaines et des ai-domaines.      

Blow-up rings and rational singularities

Let A be a normal local ring which is essentially finite type over a field of characteristic zero. Let I⊂A be an ideal such that the Rees algebra R _A (I) is Cohen–Macaulay and normal. In this paper we address the question: “When does R _A (I) have rational singularities?” In particular, we study the connection between rational singularities of R _A (I) and the adjoint ideals of the powers I ⁿ (n∋ℕ). Received: 25 May 1998 / Revised version: 20 August 1998     

Affine cross-polytopes inscribed in a convex body

Let X be an affine cross-polytope, i.e., the convex hull of n segments A ₁ B ₁,…, A _n B _n in \mathbbRⁿ {\mathbb{R}^n} that have a common midpoint O and do not lie in a hyperplane. The affine flag F(X) of X is the chain O ∈ L ₁ ⊂⋯ ⊂ L _n = \mathbbRⁿ {\mathbb{R}^n} , where L _k is the k-dimensional affine hull of the segments A ₁ B ₁,…, A _k B _k , k ≤ n. It is proved that each convex body K ⊂ \mathbbRⁿ {\mathbb{R}^n} is circumscribed about an affine cross-polytope X such that the flag F(X) satisfies the following condition for each k ∈{2,…, n}:the (k−1)-planes of support at A _k and B _k to the body L _k ∩ K in the k-plane L _k are parallel to L _k −1.Each such X has volume at least V(K)/2 ^n(n−1)/2. Bibliography: 5 titles.     

On inhomogeneous diophantine approximation and Hausdorff dimension

Let Γ = Z A + Z ⁿ  ⊂ R ⁿ be a dense subgroup of rank n + 1 and let [^(w)] \hat{w} (A) denote the exponent of uniform simultaneous rational approximation to the generating point A. For any real number v ≥  [^(w)] \hat{w} (A), the Hausdorff dimension of the set B _v of points in R ⁿ that are v-approximable with respect to Γ is shown to be equal to 1/v.     

Harmonic maps from manifolds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>∞</Superscript>-Riemannian metrics

For a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R ⁿ endowed with L ^∞-metric g, and a C ⁵-Riemannian manifold (N, h) ⊂ R ^k without boundary, let u ∈ W ^1,2(Ω, N) be a weakly harmonic map, we prove that (1) u ∈ C ^α (Ω, N) for n = 2, and (2) for n ≥ 3, if, in additions, g ∈ VMO(Ω) and u satisfies the quasi-monotonicity inequality (1.5), then there exists a closed set Σ ⊂ Ω, with H ^n-2(Σ) = 0, such that for some α ∈ (0, 1). C. Y. Wang Partially supported by NSF.     

The weak and strong asymptotic equivalence relations and the generalized inverse<Superscript>*</Superscript>

We discuss the relationship between the weak and strong asymptotic equivalence relations and the generalized inverse in the class A \mathcal {A} of all nondecreasing unbounded positive functions on a half-axis [a,+∞) (a > 0). As a main result, we prove a proper characterization of the functional class R _∞ ∩ A \mathcal {A} , where R _∞ is the class of all rapidly varying functions. Also, we prove a characterization of the functional class PI ^* ∩ A \mathcal {A} .     

The construction of a set of recurrence which is not a set of strong recurrence

This paper deals with two possible definitions of recurrence in measure preserving systems. A set of integersR is said to be a set of (Poincaré) recurrence if, for all measure preserving systems (X, B, μ, T) and any measurable setA of positive measure, there is anr εR such thatμ(T ^r A∩A)>0.R is said to be a set of strong recurrence if, for all measure preserving systems (X, B, μ, T) and any measurable setA of positive measure, there is ane>0 and an infinite number of elementsr ofR such thatμ(T ^r A∩A)≥e (see Bergelson’s 1985 paper). This paper constructs a set of recurrenceR, an example of a measure preserving system (X, B, μ, T) and a measurable setA of measure 1/2, such that lim _{r→∞:rεRμ} (A∩T ^r A)=0. In particularR is a set of recurrence but not a set of strong recurrence, giving a negative answer to a question of Bergelson posed in 1985. Further, it also constructs a set of recurrence which does not force the continuity of positive measures and so reproves a result of Bourgain published in 1987. This paper forms a part of the author’s Ph.D. Thesis at the Ohio State University. The author wishes to thank his advisor, Professor Bergelson, for suggesting the problem of this paper and for his guidance.     

r-Maximal major subsets

The question of which r.e. setsA possess major subsetsB which are alsor-maximal inA (A⊂_rm B) arose in attempts to extend Lachlan’s decision procedure for the αε-theory of ℰ^*, the lattice of r.e. sets modulo finite sets, and Soare’s theorem thatA andB are automorphic if their lattice of supersets ℒ^*(A) and ℒ^*(B) are isomorphic finite Boolean algebras. We characterize the r.e. setsA with someB⊂_rm A as those with a Δ₃ function that for each recursiveR _i specifiesR _i or as infinite on and to be preferred in the construction ofB. There are r.e.A andB with ℒ^*(A) and ℒ^*(B) isomorphic to the atomless Boolean algebra such thatA has anrm subset andB does not. Thus 〈ℰ^*,A〉 and 〈ℰ^*,B〉 are not even elementarily equivalent. In every non-zero r.e. degree there are r.e. sets with and withoutrm subsets. However the classF of degrees of simple sets with norm subsets satisfies . The authors were partially supported by NSF Grants MCS 76-07258, MCS 77-04013 and MCS 77-01965 respectively.     

Nonnegative solutions of an elliptic equation with a singular potential

We study the behavior of nonnegative solutions of the Dirichlet problem for a linear elliptic equation with a singular potential in the ball B = B(0,R) ⊂ R ⁿ (n ≥ 3), R ≤ 1. We find an exact condition on the potential ensuring the existence or absence of a nonnegative solution of that problem.     

Non-standard tight closure for affine ℂ-algebras

 In this paper, non-standard tight closure is proposed as an alternative for classical tight closure on finitely generated algebras over ℂ. It has the advantage that it admits a functional definition, similar to the characteristic p definition of tight closure, where instead of the characteristic p Frobenius, its ultraproduct, the non-standard Frobenius, is used. This new closure operation cl(⋅) has the same properties as classical tight closure, to wit, (1) if A is regular, then 𝔞=cl(𝔞); (2) if A⊂B is an integral extension of domains, then cl(𝔞 B)∩A⊂cl(𝔞); (3) if A is local and is a system of parameters, then (Colon-Capturing); (4) if 𝔞 is generated by m elements, then cl𝔞 contains the integral closure of 𝔞 ^m and is contained in the integral closure of 𝔞 (Brian?on-Skoda). Received: 25 June 2002 / Revised version: 14 February 2003 Published online: 19 May 2003 Partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.     

Lifting chains of prime ideals to paravaluation rings

Résumé  SoitR ⊂T une extension des anneaux commutatifs et soit {P _α :α ∈I} une cha?ne croissante des idéaux premiers deR (I étant un ensemble totalement ordonné, peut-être infini). Alors il existe un anneau de paravaluationV deT et une cha?ne {Q _α} des idéaux premiers deV de sorte queR ⊂V etQ _α ∩R =P _α pour toutα ∈I. Tout d’abord, on établit le cas spécial dans lequelT est un corps; dans ce cas, on trouve en effet un tel anneau de valuationV deT. Ensuite, l’assertion ci-dessus pour le cas général découle comme conséquence. Dans le cas général, on peut aussi remplacer le mot “paravaluation” avec le mot “valuation” siR est un anneau de Marot etT est son anneau total de fractions.      

SO（n）-Invariant Special Lagrangian Submanifolds of C^n＋l with Fixed Loci

Abstract Let SO(n) act in the standard way on ℂⁿ and extend this action in the usual way to ℂⁿ⁺¹ = ℂ ⊕ ℂⁿ. It is shown that a nonsingular special Lagrangian submanifold L ⊂ ℂⁿ⁺¹ that is invariant under this SO(n)-action intersects the fixed ℂ ⊂ ℂⁿ⁺¹ in a nonsingular real-analytic arc A (which may be empty). If n > 2, then A has no compact component. Conversely, an embedded, noncompact nonsingular real-analytic arc A ⊂ ℂ lies in an embedded nonsingular special Lagrangian submanifold that is SO(n)-invariant. The same existence result holds for compact A if n = 2. If A is connected, there exist n distinct nonsingular SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian extensions of A such that any embedded nonsingular SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian extension of A agrees with one of these n extensions in some open neighborhood of A. The method employed is an analysis of a singular nonlinear PDE and ultimately calls on the work of Gérard and Tahara to prove the existence of the extension. * Project supported by Duke University via a research grant, the NSF via DMS-0103884, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, and Columbia University. (Dedicated to the memory of Shiing-Shen Chern, whose beautiful works and gentle encouragement have had the most profound influence on my own research)     

Strong Convergence Theorems for Maximal Monotone Operators with Nonlinear Mappings in Hilbert Spaces

Let C be a closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let T be a nonexpansive mapping of C into itself, A be an α-inverse strongly-monotone mapping of C into H and let B be a maximal monotone operator on H, such that the domain of B is included in C. We introduce an iteration scheme of finding a point of F (T)∩(A+B)⁻¹0, where F (T) is the set of fixed points of T and (A+B)⁻¹0 is the set of zero points of A+B. Then, we prove a strong convergence theorem, which is different from the results of Halpern’s type. Using this result, we get a strong convergence theorem for finding a common fixed point of two nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space. Further, we consider the problem for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a mathematical model related to equilibrium problems and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping.     

A Lower Bound for Weak ɛ -Nets in High Dimension

   Abstract. A finite set N ⊂ R ^d is a weak ε-net for an n -point set X ⊂ R ^d (with respect to convex sets) if it intersects each convex set K with |K ∩ X| ≥ ε n . It is shown that there are point sets X ⊂ R ^d for which every weak ε -net has at least const ⋅

Hausdorff measures of different dimensions are not Borel isomorphic

We show that Hausdorff measures of different dimensions are not Borel isomorphic; that is, the measure spaces (ℝ, B, H ^s ) and (ℝ, B, H ^t ) are not isomorphic if s ≠ t, s, t ∈ [0, 1], where B is the σ-algebra of Borel subsets of ℝ and H ^d is the d-dimensional Hausdorff measure. This answers a question of B. Weiss and D. Preiss. To prove our result, we apply a random construction and show that for every Borel function ƒ: ℝ → ℝ and for every d ∈ [0, 1] there exists a compact set C of Hausdorff dimension d such that ƒ(C) has Hausdorff dimension ≤ d. We also prove this statement in a more general form: If A ⊂ ℝⁿ is Borel and ƒ: A → ℝ^m is Borel measurable, then for every d ∈ [0, 1] there exists a Borel set B ⊂ A such that dim B = d·dim A and dim ƒ(B) ≤ d·dim ƒ (A). Partially supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund grant no. T 49786.     

Almost completely decomposable groups with primary regulator quotients and their endomorphism rings

Let X be a block-rigid almost completely decomposable group of ring type with regulator A and p-primary regulator quotient X/A such that p ^l = exp X/A with natural l > 1. From the well-known fact p ^l End A ⊂ End X ⊂ End A it follows that End X = End X ∪ End A and p ^l End A = End X ∪ p ^l End A. Generalizing these, we determine the chain End X = ɛ _A ^(l) ⊂ ɛ _A ^(l−1) ⊂ ɛ _A ^(l−2) ⊂ ⋯ ⊂ ɛ _A ⁽¹⁾ ⊂ ɛ _A ⁽⁰⁾ = End A, satisfying p ^l−k ɛ _A ^(k) = End X ∪p ^l−k End A, and construct groups X _k ^′ and such that ɛ _A ^(k) = Hom , where k = 1, 2,..., l − 1. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 17–38, 2006.     

L P-Integrability of derivatives of Riemann mappings on Ahlfors-David regular curves

In 1981, Hayman and Wu proved that for any simply connected domain Ω and any Riemann mappingF: Ω →D,F′ ∈ L¹ (L ∩ Ω), whereL is any line in the complex plane. Several years later, Fernández, Heinonen and Martio showed that there is anε > 0 such thatF′ ∈ L^1+∈(L ∩ Ω). The question arises as to which curves other than lines satisfy such a statement. A curve Γ is said to be Ahlfors-David regular if there is a constantA such that for any B(x, r) (the disk of radiusr centered atx), l(Γ ∩ B(x, r))≤ Ar. The major result of the paper is the following theorem: Let Γ be an Ahlfors-David regular curve with constantA. Then there exists an∈ > 0, depending only onA, such thatF′ ∈ L^1+∈(Γ ∩ Ω). This result is the synthesis of the extension of Fernández, Heinonen and Martio, and the result of Bishop and Jones showing thatF′ ∈ L¹(Γ ∩ Ω). The proof of the results uses a stopping-time argument which seeks out places in the curve where small pieces may be added in order to control the portions of the curve where |F′ | is large. This is accomplished with an estimate on the vanishing of the harmonic measure of the curve in such places. The paper also includes simpler arguments for the special cases where Γ = ∂Ω and Γ ⊂Ω.