金属-有机骨架材料MOF-5的改进与吸附甲烷的巨正则蒙特卡罗模拟

根据金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)的设计思想, 在MOF-5(对苯二甲酸为桥联配体, Zn4O金属簇为中心的配位化合物)的基础上设计了10 种以Zn4O 金属簇为中心(Corner), 以不同基团单取代的对苯二甲酸(BDC)衍生物为桥联配体(Linker)的多孔材料. 用巨正则蒙特卡罗(GCMC)模拟方法, 计算了这些材料在298 K、1-10 MPa条件下对甲烷的吸附量, 讨论了不同取代基与甲烷吸附量的关系.结果发现, 在298 K、3.5 MPa 时甲烷的吸附量主要取决于吸附热, 并且以硝基取代的配体构成的MOF分子吸附甲烷效果最好. 在此基础上, 进一步设计了以四硝基取代对苯二甲酸为桥联配体的MOF-4NO2, 该结构在相同条件下对甲烷的超额吸附量为209 cm3·cm-3, 总吸附量达到228 cm3·cm-3, 比美国能源部(DOE)提出的甲烷吸附材料应用要求标准高26%.     

Isolation of hemoglobin with metal–organic frameworks Y(BTC)(H_2O)_6

The hierarchical metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),such as Y(BTC)(H_2O)_6,are prepared with yttrium nitrate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid at room temperature.The product is characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The Y(BTC)(H_2O)_6 particles are sufficiently rigid for performing solid phase extraction and they exhibit favorable selectivity toward the adsorption of hemoglobin.The adsorption behavior of hemoglobin onto the Y(BTC)(H_2O)_6 fits the Langmuir adsorption model with a theoretical adsorption capacity of 555.6 mg g 1.An adsorption efficiency of 87.7%for 100μg mL 1hemoglobin in 1 mL sample solution(at pH 6.0)is achieved with 0.40 mg Y(BTC)(H20)6.77.3%of the retained hemoglobin is readily recovered using a 0.5%(m/v)SDS solution as the stripping reagent.Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the conformation of hemoglobin is maintained during the adsorption-desorption process.The MOFs material is applied for the isolation of hemoglobin from human blood and the purity of the obtained hemoglobin is further verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).     

Large‐Scale Screening and Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for CH4/N2 Separation

CH₄/N₂ separation is one of the great challenges in gas separation, which is of scientific and practical importance, such as in the upgrading of unconventional natural gas. Unfortunately, the separation performance is still quite low so far mainly due to their very close physical properties. In this work, a high‐throughput computational screening method was performed to develop metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for efficient CH₄/N₂ separation. General designing rules as well as the correlation between selectivity and our proposed adsorbility (AD) parameter were obtained by carrying out systematic GCMC simulations of the existing 5109 CoRE MOFs. With the aid of this information, five virtual MOFs were screened out from the large database with 303 991 generated MOFs constructed in our previous work, exhibiting much higher selectivities than all the reported values. Among them, the selectivity of Zn‐PYZ‐BPY‐1 can reach over 29.0, about 2.4 times of the highest value reported in the literature. These results may not only suggest promising candidates for CH₄/N₂ separation but also provide useful information for large screening of MOFs for other specific separation mixtures.     

Microwave-assisted SNAr reaction of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine for the rapid synthesis of C3-symmetrical polycarboxylate ligands

The microwave-assisted S_NAr reaction of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine with various unprotected amino acids was developed for the synthesis of C₃-symmetrical polycarboxylate ligands which can be used as structural directing units in metal-organic frameworks. The reactions were performed in water using a domestic microwave oven as the heating device. In comparison to the reactions performed under conventional heating, the reactions under microwave irradiation proceeded much more rapidly within 20 min to afford the desired ligands in comparative yields to those obtained by conventional heating.     

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structures and fluorescence properties of three novel frameworks constructed with mixed ligands of isophthalic acid (1,3-BDC) and 2,3-di-2-pyridylquinoxaline (Dpdq): [M(1,3-BDC)(Dpdq)(H2O)m] · nH2O (M = Co, Cd or Zn)

Three novel metal-organic frameworks [M(1,3-BDC)(Dpdq)(H₂O)_m] · nH₂O, (M = Co^II (1), Cd^II (2) or Zn^II (3); m = 0, 1; n = 0, 1, 2, respectively) have been obtained from hydrothermal reactions of three different metal(II) nitrates with the same mixed ligands [isophthalic acid (1,3-BDC) and 2,3-di-2-pyridylquinoxaline (Dpdq)], and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Single-crystal X-ray analyses show that each pair of metal ions are bridged by various coordination modes of 1,3-BDC ligands to form left- and right-handed helical chains in 1, linear chains in 2, and double chains in 3, respectively. N-containing flexible ligand Dpdq takes a chelating coordination mode acting as terminal ligand. In the compound 1, adjacent left- and right-handed helical chains are packed through hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional (2-D) structure. In the compounds 2 and 3, adjacent chains are further linked by hydrogen bonds and/or π-π stacking interactions to form a three-dimensional (3-D) distorted hexagon meshes supramolecular framework for 2 and a ZnS-related three-dimensional (3-D) topology for 3, respectively. The different structures of compounds 1-3 illustrate that the influence of the metal ions in the self-assembly of polymeric coordination architectures. In addition, compounds 2 and 3 exhibit blue emission in the solid state at room temperature.     

反应pH值对微波法合成的Mo修饰的Pt/C催化剂结构和乙醇电氧化催化性能的影响

通过调节微波反应溶液的pH值合成了一系列Mo修饰的Pt/C催化剂并用于乙醇的电氧化催化反应.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂的晶型结构、微观形貌、粒径尺寸和表面电子结构进行了表征,并采用循环伏安法(CV)、计时电流法(CA)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对催化剂的乙醇电氧化催化性能进行了测试.结果表明,碱性环境有利于催化剂组分在碳载体上的均匀分布,pH值为14时制得的催化剂组分颗粒尺寸最小,且分布最均匀.该催化剂不仅表现出了最大的有效电化学比表面积和最高的乙醇电氧化催化活性,而且具有最稳定的乙醇氧化催化性能.     

溶剂热法合成UiO-66金属有机框架限域的钴取代磷钼酸及其催化烯烃环氧化性能

金属有机框架材料是一类新型晶体孔性材料,在气体储存、物质分离、非线性光学及催化等领域中具有潜在应用价值.其中,基于锆氧簇和有机配体构筑的锆基金属有机框架材料(ZrMOFs)因其具有更高的结构稳定性而备受关注.研究表明,将多金属氧酸盐(POM)负载在ZrMOFs载体上能够获得一类新型复合材料催化剂.这类材料具有可调控的酸性和氧化还原性,已在一些固体酸催化及选择氧化(包括烯烃环氧化)等反应中表现出优异的催化性能.多金属氧酸盐通常可以通过简单的浸渍法引入到ZrMOFs载体上,但这种方法制备的催化剂普遍存在活性组分分散不均匀且易于在液相催化反应过程中发生活性组分流失的问题.因此,当前的研究重点主要集中在如何通过简单有效的制备方法获得结构更加稳定、性能更加优异的复合材料催化剂.近期,国内外多个研究小组分别报道了采用溶剂热法能够一步合成出POM@ZrMOFs复合材料,这类材料的主要特点是POM团簇能够均匀的分散在ZrMOFs孔道中,从而使其在氧化脱硫及烯烃选择氧化等反应中表现出更高的稳定性.考虑到POMs及ZrMOFs种类和结构的多样性,可以预期这类复合材料的合成及催化性能研究仍有很大的发展空间.本文采用溶剂热法将磷钼酸(PMo12)及钴取代磷钼酸(PMo11Co)限域在一类ZrMOFs材料(UiO-66)的孔道中,得到了两种复合材料催化剂,分别记为PMo12@UiO-66和PMo11Co@UiO-66.通过以叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BuOOH)为氧化剂烯烃环氧化反应考察了其催化性能.相较于PMo12@UiO-66,含有钴取代磷钼酸的PMo11Co@UiO-66杂化材料表现出了更高的催化活性和稳定性.催化剂经简单的过滤和洗涤后即可循环使用多次,且催化性能基本保持不变.值得一提的是,PMo11Co@UiO-66对多种类型烯烃的环氧化反应均表现出较高的催化活性和环氧选择性.例如,在加入自由基抑制剂对二苯酚后,柠檬烯选择性氧化为柠檬烯-1,2-环氧化物的选择性可以达到91%,性能明显优于文献中报道的其它类型催化剂.此外,溶剂种类对PMo11Co@UiO-66的催化活性有着显著的影响,在极性相对较强的乙醇、乙腈等溶剂中,催化剂的活性较低;在极性较弱的甲苯、氯仿,四氯化碳等溶剂中,催化剂的活性则相对较高.溶剂极性的差异会影响反应物分子与催化剂活性中心的接触情况,继而对催化剂的活性产生较大影响.采用X射线衍射、氮吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段对催化反应前后的PMo11Co@UiO-66催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在溶剂热法合成的杂化材料催化剂中,引入的POM团簇能够均匀的分散在UiO-66框架材料的孔道和笼中;催化剂反应前后的组成与结构没有发生明显的变化.结合相关文献报道的结果,可以认为杂原子Co的引入能够产生类似于Co–O–Mo的新的活性中心,从而使PMo11Co@UiO-66表现出更高的催化活性.催化剂的高稳定性应主要归因于UiO-66框架对PMo11Co团簇的空间限域作用.这种空间限域作用能够使PMo11Co团簇被封装在UiO-66的八面体笼中,且二者之间还存在着较强的金属-载体间相互作用.在后续的工作中,我们还将继续深入研究PMo11Co@UiO-66催化剂的活性中心性质及其对分子氧的活化能力,加深对催化作用机制等问题的理解,进一步扩大这类复合材料催化剂的应用范围.     

压力对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的影响

甲烷部分氧化制合成气是近年来催化界关心的课题之一，文献报导的工作多在常压下进行［１～４］．然而天然气和纯氧都有一定压力，且以合成气为原料的后续过程通常都在较高压力下操作，从节能的角度出发，研究加压甲烷部分氧化制合成气具有重要的实际意义［１，２］．我们...     

甲烷/甲醇光催化转化研究进展

在能源需求不断上涨及石油供应日益紧张的背景下,开展对煤、天然气或生物质等非油基资源(CO、CO_2、CH_3OH、CH_4等)的高效利用显得尤为重要。C_1小分子(CO、CO_2、CH_3OH、CH_4等)经催化转化可得到燃料及多种化学品,一直受到学术界及工业界的广泛关注。甲烷/甲醇作为重要的C_1平台分子,其催化转化在C_1化学中占据重要地位。为了提高目标产物的选择性,需要有效地控制甲烷/甲醇中C―H键的活化。传统热催化作为甲烷/甲醇最常见的转化方法发展已久,但仍然面临着反应条件苛刻、能耗大、产率和选择性低等问题。光催化反应通过引入光能弥补反应中吉布斯自由能的上升,同时具有反应条件温和、操作简单、能耗低等特点,从而为甲烷/甲醇转化提供了新的途径。通过调节光的波长、强度以及催化剂的氧化能力可以实现甲烷/甲醇的选择性转化,减少副产物的生成。此外,光催化能够选择性活化甲醇的C―H键而非O―H键,从而实现甲醇的C―C偶联反应。本文主要围绕甲烷/甲醇的重整、氧化和偶联反应,总结近年来的光催化转化进展,并对进一步提高光催化性能做了展望。     

La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂结构及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了La和Mn取代的六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α).在Mn含量达到阈值时,研究了不同量的La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α的相组成、结构、热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.当x≥0.4时,水热合成过程中生成的La2(CO3)3在530-580℃分解,800-900℃时与-γAl2O3反应生成LaAlO3钙钛矿相,可抑制由BaCO3分解而生成的Ba2+的固相扩散,从而阻止了BaAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,使Ba2+在固相中保持较高的分散性,促进了六铝酸盐(-βAl2O3)相的形成.当x<0.4时,BaAl2O4尖晶石相的存在引起催化剂比表面积和催化燃烧活性的降低.La3+取代Ba2+后,六铝酸盐结构发生一定程度的扭变.这种扭变越大,所形成的六铝酸盐催化剂的热稳定性越差.Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性随x的增大而增加,x=0.8时催化剂的活性最佳.     

Influence of Electronic Effect on Methane Catalytic Combustion over PdNi/Al2O3

A series of PdNi/Al₂O₃ catalysts with different compositions was prepared by co-reduction method. The influence of Ni amount on the catalytic combustion of methane was studied. X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the dispersion and electronic state of the active phase. Tempe-rature-programmed oxidation was carried out to study the thermal stability affected by Ni doping. It has been demonstrated that Ni addition changed particle size and oxidation state of PdO_x. The results indicate that the promotion of Ni to the Pd/Al₂O₃ resulted from both size effect and electronic effect. In addition, the thermal stability of the Ni-doped catalysts were enhanced.     

含湿量对微细腔内甲烷低温重整影响的热力学研究

为了实现微燃烧器内甲烷持续稳定燃烧,要求进一步深入研究原料气中含湿量变化对微细腔甲烷湿空气低温(小于973 K)重整反应的影响.于此,本文通过热力学方法分析了 0.1 MPa下一定温度时,恒定原料气流量和恒定空碳比两种工况中,含湿量在欠氧和低温环境中对微细腔甲烷自热重整反应中积炭、甲烷转化、产氢特性及反应过程的影响.结果表明:微细腔内甲烷质量流量一定时,随着含湿量增加,积炭逐渐减小,甲烷转化率先减小后增加,氢气则一直随之增加.体系中甲烷的转化以生成CO2为主,CO的选择率随含湿量增加先增加后减小,CO2选择率则一直增加;增加含湿量会使反应后体系中水的含量增加,也会促使反应过程中体系消耗的水量最终大于生成的水量.在含湿量不超过空气量的反应条件下,两种工况中反应前后水质量分数的变化量均在含湿量达280 g·kg-1后显示出体系以消耗水为主,且原料气中湿空气的含湿量均应满足最低为350 g·kg-1,才有利于反应过程中减少积炭产生和促进重整反应,当达到这一条件时,恒定的空碳比在获得较高的甲烷转化率和氢气产率上更具优势.     

预测金属有机骨架甲烷和氢气输送能力的迁移学习建模

基于深度神经网络(DNN)和迁移学习(TL),使用少量数据建立TL模型,精准预测了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的甲烷和氢气输送性能.首先,使用8414个MOFs在298 K/65 bar～298 K/5.8 bar(1 bar=0.1 MPa)条件下的甲烷输送数据训练一个决定系数(R²)为0.973的DNN[源任务(ST)模型].随后,将ST模型的部分参数冻结,使用100个MOFs在233 K/65 bar～358 K/5.8 bar条件下的甲烷输送数据和100个MOFs在198 K/100 bar～298 K/5 bar条件下的氢气输送数据分别微调ST模型,进行TL建模.结果表明,两个TL模型的R²分别为0.968和0.945,均高于其它5个传统的ML模型.所开发的TL模型在预测小数据集时具有高精度与高稳定性.最后,使用排列特征重要度方法来计算描述符重要度,明确了模型之间的“知识”共享情况,并在此基础上探讨了重要描述符和输送能力之间的关系.     

Pt／SBA-15、Pt／SBA-16催化剂的合成、表征及甲烷催化燃烧性能

以Na2SiO3.9H2O为硅源,H2PtCl6为铂源,水热法一步合成了Pt质量分数约1%的Pt/SBA-15和Pt/SBA-16催化剂.采用XRF、XRD、HRTEM等方法对样品进行了表征.在微型固定床反应器中考察了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能.结果表明:合成的Pt/SBA-15和Pt/SBA-16样品分别具有SBA-15和SBA-16的高度有序的介孔结构;通过这种简便、低成本的方法可将Pt颗粒高分散地引入到样品的孔道内;催化剂表现出了较好的甲烷催化燃烧性能,在常压、原料气为含3.5%CH4的空气和GHSV=6000mL/(gcat.h)的反应条件下,在大约580℃下甲烷即可完全转化.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对甲烷水合物生成过程影响研究

根据甲烷水合物含气率高、分解速度慢等特性,提出利用高压注水技术和表面活性剂促进作用促使矿井瓦斯水合化以预防煤与瓦斯突出的思路。进行了3·6~12℃、7·82~12·26MPa条件下两种浓度体系(10mmol/L和0·3mmol/L)中十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对甲烷水合物作用效果的实验研究,结合水合物诱导时间、生成速度及含气率等计算对实验数据进行了分析,并运用表面张力法测得8℃时SDS溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为2·5mmol/L。结果表明,高浓度体系对水合物生成速度、含气率的影响较之低浓度体系的更强,但是低浓度体系中水合物生成的诱导时间却较短,表面活性剂溶液浓度超过其CMC后对水合物的生成影响显著。     

气体分子对甲烷水合物稳定性的影响

通过B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d,p)水平下, 分别优化了结构I型甲烷水合物十二面体和十四面体晶穴结构. 结果表明, CH4分子使晶穴的相互作用能降低, 增强了晶穴的稳定性. 计算了晶穴中甲烷分子C—H键的对称伸缩振动频率, 计算结果与实验值相符合. 研究发现CH4分子影响晶穴中氧原子的电荷分布, 从而增强了氢键的稳定性. 通过分子动力学方法研究水合物晶胞中气体分子的占有率对水合物稳定性的影响, 进一步说明气体分子对水合物晶穴稳定性的重要作用.     

Effect of Steam on the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over La-Ba System Catalysts

ＥｆｅｃｔｏｆＳｔｅａｍｏｎｔｈｅＯｘｉｄａｔｉｖｅＣｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｏｆＭｅｔｈａｎｅｏｖｅｒＬａ┐ＢａＳｙｓｔｅｍＣａｔａｌｙｓｔｓ＊＊ＳｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ．＊＊...     

Effect of Micropores of a Porous Coordination Polymer on the Product Selectivity in RuII Complex-catalyzed CO2 Reduction

To develop an efficient CO2 reduction catalyst, hybridizing a molecular catalyst and a porous coordination polymer (PCP) is a promising strategy because it can combine both advantages of the precise reactivity control of the former and the CO2 adsorption property of the latter. Although several PCP hybrid catalysts have been reported to date, the CO2 sorption behavior and the CO2 reduction reactivity have been investigated separately, and the CO2 enrichment during the catalysis is still unclear. We report CO2 photoreduction under different temperatures and pressures using a PCP-RuII complex hybrid catalyst. The product selectivity (CO or HCOOH) varied depending on the reaction conditions. The altered selectivity could be interpreted in terms of the CO2 capture in the micropores of a PCP.     

Controlling structural topology of metal-organic frameworks with a desymmetric 4-connected ligand through the design of metal-containing nodes

Two new metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),[Cu2(H_2O)_2(BCPIA)](BUT-20)and(Me_2NH_2)[In(BCPIA)](BUT-21)were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-connected ligand,5-(2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_4BCPIA)and Cu(NO_3)2 2.5H_2O or In(NO_3)_3·5H_2O,respectively,and characterized by single-crystal and powder Xray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and elemental analysis.The two MOFs have three-dimensional structures,in which both the BCPIA 4 ligand and metal-containing entities,Cu_2(COO)_4(H_2O)_2 and In(COO)_4 act as 4-connected nodes.However,different linkage configurations of the two metal-containing nodes,quadrilateral Cu_2_TD_2(COO)_4(H_2O)_2and tetrahedral In(COO)_4,lead to distinct structural networks of BUT-20 and 21,with Nbo and Unc topologies,respectively.