Synthesis of α-Phenylthio Alkyl Nitriles from α-Chloro Alkyl Phenyl Sulfides

α-Chloro Alkyl Phenyl Sulfides are converted with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide, in a reaction catalyzed by SnCl₄, into α-Phenylthio Alkyl Nitriles.     

Alkyl capped carbonates ofβ-cyclodextrin

The synthesis is described of alkyl capped carbonates of-cyclodextrin, obtained from diols activated with carbonyldiimidazole. The reaction preferentially gave monocapped derivatives which were characterized by HPLC, TLC, FT-IR and¹³C-NMR. These compounds are stable at pH <7, and methyl orange was found to form stronger inclusion compounds with capped-cyclodextrin than with the parent-cyclodextrin. Paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes were also studied, but they were found to be included into capped-cyclodextrin as well as into-cyclodextrin.Part of this work was presented at the 7th International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, 1994, Tokyo, April 25–28, Book of Abstract, page 54.     

Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl and Arylapomorphines

The synthesis of 3‐alkyl and arylapomorphines 18–20 has been accomplished by using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of vinyl‐ and allylhalide morphinanedienes or arylhalide apocodeines and arylboronic acids.     

Synthesis and properties of Alkyl α-D-Galactopyranoside

Alkyl α-D-galactopyranosides are sugar-based nonionic surfactants, and it is necessary to research their structure–property relationships since it is not quite clear that the change of the alkyl chain length has effects on a series of physicochemical properties. Here, alkyl α-D-galactopyranosides were prepared by galactose and alcohols through three steps including acetylation, coupling with alcohols in the presence of a catalyst stannic chloride, and deprotection. Furthermore, their water solubility and other properties were investigated. Alkyl α-D-galactopyranosides (4a ～ 4e, n = 6 ～ 10) were water soluble, and their dissolution process in water was an endothermic process. Nonyl α-D-galactopyranoside (4d) showed excellent foaming ability and foam stability. Octyl α-D-galactopyranoside (4c) had the strongest emulsifying ability for toluene and nonyl α-D-galactopyranoside (4d) had the strongest emulsifying ability for rapeseed oil. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and surface tension at the CMC were decreasing with increasing alkyl chain length. Their standard free energy of adsorption (ΔG_ads) was more negative than their standard free energy of micellization (ΔG_mic). The moisture-absorption abilities were weakening with increasing alkyl chain length. Alkyl α-D-galactopyranosides (4a ～4f) were thermally stable below 280°C. Alkyl α-D-galactopyranosides (4c ～4f) had the optical texture of the thermotropic liquid crystal smectic A phase.     

Cationic Polymerization of β-Phenylvinyl Alkyl Ethers

Abstract

The cationic polymerization of β-phenylvinyl alkyl ethers (alkyl: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl) was examined in toluene and in methylene chloride with boron fluoride etherate and with stannic chloride at ?78°C. Despite the fact that these monomers have bulky substituents on the α –and β-carbons, they could be homopoly-merized easily even in nonpolar sovent at ?78°C. The general features of β-phenylvinyl alkyl ethers in homopolymerization and co-polymerization with n-butyl vinyl ether suggested that β-phenylvinyl alkyl ethers behaved as derivatives of vinyl ethers, not as derivatives of styrenes. The polymerization products were white powders having a high softening point.     

Den ?thoxylgehalt von Alkyl?thoxysilanen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Photopromoted Carbonylation of Alkyl Halides Under Ambient Conditions

Photopromoted carbonylation of alkyl halides with carbon monoxide can be carried out under ambient conditions with non-precious transition metal complexes(such as cobalt complexes) catalysts.Our preliminary work sowed that alkyl halides can be transformed into alkene and alkane directly under irradiation,but the esters can not be transformed.It is assumed that the carbonylation of alkyl halides may be proceeded in two ways.     

Electrochemical NiH-Catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) Coupling of Alkyl Halides and Alkyl Alkenes

Herein, an electrochemically driven NiH-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl halides and alkyl alkenes for the construction of Csp³−Csp³ bonds is firstly reported. Notably, alkyl halides serve dual function as coupling substrates and as hydrogen sources to generate NiH species under electrochemical conditions. The tunable nature of this reaction is realized by introducing an intramolecular coordinating group to the substrate, where the product can be easily adjusted to give the desired branched products. The method proceeds under mild conditions, exhibits a broad substrate scope, and affords moderate to excellent yields with over 70 examples, including late-stage modification of natural products and drug derivatives. Mechanistic insights offer evidence for an electrochemically driven coupling process. The sp³-carbon-halogen bonds can be activated through single electron transfer (SET) by the nickel catalyst in its low valence state, generated by cathodic reduction, and the generation of NiH species from alkyl halides is pivotal to this transformation.     

An Efficient Preparation of Alkyl α-Bromomethylacrylates by Dehydrobromination of Alkyl β,β′-Dibromoisobutyrates with Potassium Fluoride

1° and 2° alkyl esters of β,β′-dibromoisobutyric acid are efficiently dehydrobrominated to alkyl α-bromomethylacrylates by anhydrous potassium fluoride (2.5 equiv) in refluxing acetonitrile/DMF (85:15). 3° isobutyrates give reduced yields of acrylates due to accompanying cleavage of the ester by the HF produced.     

A Study on Alkyl Polyglycosides of the Starch

The alkyl polyglycosides (APG) is new type the surfactants that is made by regeneration resource of the starch and the grease, since the nineties of 20th century it is energetically exploited in international extent. APG not only good in surface activity,but also plenty on bubble, thin greasy and stabilization, there are good decontamination, compatibility, innocuity, not incitation and unique function that organism decomposition of swiftness and downrightness, and so on. APG is to get produ…     

Studien über die Alkyläther der Phloroglucine

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Direct Sulfonylation of Lithiated Alkyl Phosphonates with Benzenesulfonyl Fluoride; Facile Method for Preparation of α-Sulfonyl Alkyl Phosphonates and Vinyl Sulfones

α-Sulfonyl phosphonates were synthesized by direct sulfonylation of lithiated alkyl phosphonates with benzenesulfonyl fluoride which have shown different reactivity from benzenesulfonyl chloride, generally known as a sulfonylating reagent.     

Synthesis and Novel Properties of Alkyl Thiophosphoramidate Derivatives of Nucleosides

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Synthesis and Novel Properties of Alkyl Thiphosporamidate Derivatives of Nucleosides

Novel alkyl thiophosphoramidate derivatives of nucleosde analogues(5) have been prepared by phosphochloridothioate chemistry.O-Isopropyl 2‘,3‘-O-isopropylidene uridine-5‘-yl N-thiophosphoryl threonine and serine methyl esters(5a and 5b )underwent the intramolecular catalyzed hydrolysis reaction.     

Crystal Structure Investigations of Inclusion Complexes Between β-cyclodextrin and Alkyl(aqua)cobaloximes (Alkyl=Butyl,Hexyl and Cyclohexyl)

The crystal and molecular structures of alkylcobaloxime/ g -cyclodextrin ( g -CD) inclusion complexes: butyl(aqua)cobaloxime/ g -CD ( 1 ). hexyl(aqua)cobaloxime/ g -CD ( 2 ) and cyclohexyl(aqua)cobaloxime/ g -CD ( 3 ) were determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. Crystal data for 1 14H 2 O: P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , a =15.1335(3), b =18.9630(2), c =28.1545(5) Å, Z =4; 2 12H 2 O: P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , a =15.1135(4), b =19.1477(5), c =28.2715(7) Å, Z =4; 3 10H 2 O: P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , a =15.6898(2), b =16.9094(2), c =28.9762(2) Å, Z =4. The structural and conformational comparisons for the three g -CD inclusion complexes with their guest molecules as well as other CD inclusion analogs are discussed.     

Synthesis and Amphiphilic Characteristics of 8－Hydroxyquinoline with Alkyl Chain

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