pH对中国人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构的圆二色和拉曼特征影响

人乳中β-酪蛋白为婴儿的快速生长提供了最适宜的氨基酸、钙磷等。以往的研究均是对牛乳的β-酪蛋白二级结构进行分析,而牛乳β-酪蛋白对婴儿配方乳的指导意义不如人乳β-酪蛋白,且人乳β-酪蛋白难以获得合适的蛋白晶体,其三级结构不清楚。为了获得中国人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构的相关基础信息,采用圆二色光谱(CD)法和拉曼光谱(Raman)法分析在不同pH条件下其二级结构的变化,结果表明：pH值的改变能够诱导中国人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构的改变,CD分析表明β-酪蛋白各部分的二级结构分别是：0.5%~2% α-螺旋,16%~18% β-折叠,30%~34% β-转角,49%~51% 无规则卷曲;随着pH的增加,部分结构发生了变化,α-螺旋在pH 8处含量增加,而在pH 10处含量减小。拉曼光谱分析表明：β-酪蛋白在酰胺I的特征峰在1 662 cm-1处,分析出β-酪蛋白的无规则卷曲含量较高。同时,根据I₈₅₀/I₈₃₀的比值计算出β-酪蛋白的酪氨酸残基趋向于“暴露式”。圆二色光谱和拉曼光谱都证明了人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构中无规则卷曲的含量最高,而β-折叠和β-转角含量保持相对的稳定。并且,在pH 8条件下,α-螺旋含量高于在其他pH条件下的含量。     

天花粉蛋白的化学—拉曼光谱法研究其溶液构象

本文用拉曼光谱法测定了天花粉蛋白在pH为1.9～11.5范围内二级结构的变化。结果表明,随pH值的增加,α-螺旋略有减少,β-折叠略有增加,而无序结构没有明显变化。     

应用红外光谱研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响

超氧化物歧化酶经不同强度的电场处理,利用红外光谱法研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响。结果表明,经不同电场强度处理的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),其二级结构单元百分含量有不同程度的变化。α-螺旋和β-折叠结构单元在电场处理后,均为减少;β-转角结构单元均为增加;无规卷曲结构单元除4.0 kV·cm-1电场处理条件减少外,其余电场处理条件均为增加。电场处理具有使超氧化物歧化酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠向β-转角和无轨卷曲结构转化的作用,且不同电场条件下其转化情况不同。研究结果还表明,电场的作用使SOD活性发生改变,SOD活性变化与β-折叠含量变化相关。     

尼古丁与BSA相互作用的光谱研究

用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱研究了尼古丁与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)的相互作用。荧光研究表明,尼古丁浓度的增加引起BSA 345 nm处荧光有规律地猝灭。Stern-Volmer 方程分析pH 5.0,pH 7.4和pH 11.0体系的荧光猝灭机理发现,pH 5.0体系属动态猝灭,而pH 7.4和pH 11.0体系为静态猝灭。Lineweaver-Burk双倒数方程计算pH 7.4和pH 11.0体系在温度为20和37 ℃条件下尼古丁和BSA的结合常数k分别为：k_{20 ℃}=140.15 L·mol-1 ,k_{37 ℃}=131.83 L·mol-1 (pH 7.4)和k_{20 ℃}=141.76 L·mol-1,k_{37 ℃}=27.79 L·mol-1(pH 11.0),表明结合常数在pH 7.4条件下受温度的影响要比pH 11.0条件下小,推测是由于不同pH下尼古丁存在的不同形态所致。紫外-可见光谱研究表明,pH 7.4条件下尼古丁浓度的增加引BSA在210 nm处吸收峰吸收强度减小且红移,说明BSA二级结构发生变化,即螺旋结构变松散;紫外二阶导数光谱和同步荧光光谱(Δλ=λ_em-λ_ex=15 nm和Δλ=λ_<i>em-λ_ex=60 nm)分析尼古丁对BSA芳香性氨基酸(Trp, Tyr和Phe)残基微环境的变化,结果表明高浓度的尼古丁使所有这些芳香性氨基酸残基微环境由疏水环境转变为亲水环境。     

氟化非晶碳薄膜的光学带隙分析

研究了CHF3C6H6沉积的氟化非晶碳(αC∶F)薄膜的光学带隙.发现αC∶F薄膜光学带隙的大小取决于薄膜中C—F,CC的相对含量.这是由于CC形成的窄带隙π键和C—F形成的宽带隙σ键含量的相对变化,改变了带边态密度分布的结果.在微波功率为140—700W、沉积气压为01—10Pa、源气体CHF3∶C6H6流量比为1∶1—10∶1条件下沉积的αC∶F薄膜,光学带隙在176—398eV之间 关键词： 氟化非晶碳(αC∶F)薄膜 光学带隙 键结构     

花生过敏原Ara h1的热变性及其与还原糖相互作用的研究

运用圆二色光谱(CD)和荧光光谱以及ELISA方法对花生蛋白Ara h1的热变性及其与还原糖的相互作用,以及过敏原性的变化进行了系统研究。实验表明,温度高于85℃时,Ara h1蛋白的二级结构才发生显著变化,表现为α螺旋结构的相对含量减少,β折叠及无规卷曲等结构的相对含量增加,其过敏原性也相应降低;木糖、果糖能与Ara h1蛋白进行相互作用进而有效稳定其蛋白结构,并显著降低其过敏原性。研究结果对食物过敏原致敏机理的深入研究,以及花生食品的合理加工具有重要的理论指导意义。     

应用FTIR法研究磷脂酶A2改性蛋黄粉乳化性的构效关系

乳化性能是磷脂酶A2改性蛋黄粉的重要指标.将磷脂酶A2改性蛋黄液分别在150,170及190℃条件下喷雾干燥制成蛋黄粉,运用FTIR技术并结合去卷积、二阶导数、曲线拟合方法对蛋白质二级结构进行分析.结果表明,随喷雾干燥温度的升高,蛋黄粉的乳化性能及α-螺旋含量均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,蛋黄粉乳化液的热稳定性不受喷雾干燥温度的影响,但二级结构会呈现出从α-螺旋向β-折叠转变的趋势,而代表蛋白质分子内部紧密程度的β+α结构总含量相对稳定.     

pH值对雨水中溶解有机物荧光光谱特征的影响

利用三维荧光光谱研究了pH值改变对雨水中溶解有机物(DOM)荧光组分及荧光指数的影响。2009年夏季在厦门湾采集了一个具有正常pH值的雨水样品,利用平行因子分析(PARAFAC)识别出雨水DOM具有6个荧光组分,包括4个类腐殖质(C1,C3,C4和C5)、1个类蛋白质(C2)以及1个未知组分(C6)。当pH值从初始的5.7增加到10.7,C1,C3和C5的荧光强度均呈增加趋势,而C4及C6的荧光强度则不断减小,导致类腐殖质组分所占比例不断增大;而当pH值减小、酸性增强时则呈相反的变化趋势,且未知组分C6所占比例占优势。类蛋白质组分C2的荧光强度及所占比例随pH变化基本保持不变。荧光指数(FI)、腐殖化指数(HIX)和自生源指标(BIX)也都受到pH值变化的影响。本研究表明,在雨水DOM光谱研究中,应同时测定、报道样品的pH值以便评估雨水荧光特性的"pH效应"。     

表面增强拉曼光谱对于蛋白质二级结构的酰胺III谱带表征

本文利用斜角沉积法制备银纳米棒阵列基底用于蛋白质二级结构的检测,结合酰胺Ⅲ谱带光谱分析,建立了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)蛋白质二级结构的表征方法.用这种方法获得了两种典型蛋白质(溶菌酶和细胞色素C)的SERS信号.通过分析蛋白质骨架酰胺Ⅲ的光谱,研究了浓度对蛋白质折叠状态的影响.结果表明在一定范围内随着浓度的增加,溶菌酶的α-螺旋结构和β-折叠结构成分增加,而细胞色素C的二级结构基本保持不变.     

表面增强拉曼光谱对于蛋白质二级结构的酰胺Ⅲ谱带表征（英文）

本文利用斜角沉积法制备银纳米棒阵列基底用于蛋白质二级结构的检测,结合酰胺Ⅲ谱带光谱分析,建立了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)蛋白质二级结构的表征方法.用这种方法获得了两种典型蛋白质(溶菌酶和细胞色素C)的SERS信号.通过分析蛋白质骨架酰胺Ⅲ的光谱,研究了浓度对蛋白质折叠状态的影响.结果表明在一定范围内随着浓度的增加,溶菌酶的α-螺旋结构和β-折叠结构成分增加,而细胞色素C的二级结构基本保持不变.     

Generating neutralizing antibodies,Th1 response and MHC non restricted immunogenicity of HIV-I <Emphasis Type="Underline">env</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Underline">gag</Emphasis>peptides in liposomes and ISCOMs with in-built adjuvanticity

For enhancing immunogenicity and develop vaccine strategies using peptide based constructs against HIV-1, a chimeric peptide containing V3 loop and transmembrane sequence of gp41 with two glycine motifs as spacer was constructed. The V3-gp41, gp41 peptide and p17 and p24 peptides separately or in a cocktail were entrapped with or without MA729 as an immunoadjuvant in liposomes or ISCOMs. The immunogenicity, antigen induced T-cell proliferation and cytokine profiles of various formulations were studied in four different inbred strains of mice of H-2^d, H-2^b, H-2^k and H-2^q haplotypes, keeping alum as a control adjuvant. Both liposomes and ISCOM preparations elicited high titer and long lasting antibody response (60 days and above). When compared to the alum formulation, the liposomes co-entrapped with MA729 produced high antibody levels, comparable with that induced by ISCOMs. Peptide in alum, liposomes and ISCOMs enhanced both antigen specific IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes and high T-cell stimulation index. Peptide formulations also induced antibodies with high affinity and in vitro neutralizated the formation of HIV-1 syncytia. T-cell supernatants contained high levels of IFN-γ and IL-2. Thus formulation in these adjuvants induced a predominant Th1 like response with MA729 as a versatile novel delivery vehicle for stimulating the appropriate arm of the immune response that can selectively modulate MHC class I or MHC class II response. The above peptide can be of wide vaccination interest as a means to improve immune responses to several other HIV-1 antigens and may serve as candidates for vaccine development.     

Application of REDOR subtraction for filtered MAS observation of labeled backbone carbons of membrane-bound fusion peptides

Clean MAS observation of 13C-labeled carbons in membrane-bound HIV-1 and influenza fusion peptides was made by using a rotational-echo double-resonance spectroscopy (REDOR) filter of directly bonded 13C-15N pairs. The clean filtering achieved with the REDOR approach is superior to filtering done with sample difference spectroscopy. In one labeling approach, the peptide had labels at a single 13C carbonyl and its directly bonded 15N. The resulting chemical shift distribution of the filtered signal is used to assess the distribution of local secondary structures at the labeled carbonyl. For the influenza peptide, the Leu-2 carbonyl chemical shift distribution is shown to vary markedly with lipid and detergent composition, as well as peptide:lipid ratio, suggesting that the local peptide structure also has a strong dependence on these factors. Because most carboxylic- and amino-labeled amino acids are commercially available, this REDOR approach should have broad applicability to chemically synthesized peptides as well as bacterially synthesized proteins. In a second labeling approach, the HIV-1 fusion peptide had U-13C, 15N labeling over three sequential residues. When a 1.6 ms REDOR dephasing time is used, only backbone 13C signals are observed. The resulting spectra are used to determine spectral linewidths and to assess feasibility of assignment of uniformly labeled peptide.     

Structure and properties of copolyaspartate. III. Dielectric studies of copoly(butyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate)

The side-chain molecular motion of the α helix, ω helix, and β form of copoly(butyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate) with degrees of butylation 0%, 25%, and 43% was investigated by means of dielectric relaxation. Copoly(butyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate) with butylation 0% and 25% has a left-handed α helix, and, on the contrary, that of the 43% copolymer is a right-handed α helix. These two a helices transformed into the left-handed ω helix, with stacking between the benzyl groups, or between benzyl and butyl groups, or between butyl groups when heated to 140°C. The dielectric constant decreased at the α-ω transition temperature, irrespective of frequency. In particular, a remarkable decrease of dielectric constant was observed to accompany the reversal in helix sense. The ω-β transformation was observed at about 180°C by further heating, accompanied by an abrupt increase in dielectric constant. The side-chain dispersion temperature was in the following order: T(ω) ? T(β) < T(α). Relatively free rotation of the side chain for the ω helix is possible, although the side-chain molecular motion, the side-chain dispersion, is restricted by the stacking of the side chain in the ω helix. The side-chain molecular motion of the α helix, rotation of the benzene ring, is hindered by the presence of δ O and ? CH₂ atoms of the residue above and below the benzene ring.     

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 efficiently binds to human fetal astrocytes and induces neuroinflammatory responses independent of infection

Background  

HIV-1 infects human astrocytes in vitro and in vivo but the frequency of infected cells is low and its biological significance is unknown. In studies in vitro, recombinant gp120 alone can induce profound effects on astrocyte biology, suggesting that HIV-1 interaction with astrocytes and its functional consequences extend beyond the limited levels of infection in these cells. Here we determined the relative efficiencies of HIV-1 binding and infection in human fetal astrocytes (HFA), mainly at the single cell level, using HIV-1 tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-Vpr fusion proteins, termed HIV-GFP, to detect virus binding and HIV-1 expressing Rev and NefGFP fusion proteins to detect productive infection.     

杆状病毒HaF融合肽在中性pH溶液中的NMR结构研究

膜融合蛋白在介导膜融合过程中会发生构象的转变. 以同核2D NMR为手段，测定了pH 7.0条件下棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigerasingle- nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus，HearNPV)的HaF融合肽在类膜环境中的3级结构. 通过与酸性条件下该融合肽的结构作比较，证实了该融合肽在从融合蛋白内部暴露出来到插入宿主细胞膜的过程中发生了构象的转变. 并且这个构象的转变是一个结构趋向稳定、两亲性趋向完整的变化过程. 这些结论对研究其他融合肽的插膜过程有普遍的意义，为探索膜融合机制提供了信息.     

不同贮藏温度下滩羊肉pH值的近红外高光谱动力学模型建立

为了比较4℃、15℃两种贮藏温度下滩羊肉pH值的变化,优选出滩羊肉贮藏期间的最优模型,采用pH酸度计测量样本pH值,建立两种贮藏温度下传统动力学的零级和一级模型;应用近红外(900～1 700 nm)高光谱成像采集两种贮藏温度下滩羊肉的光谱数据,剔除异常值后进行光谱预处理;使用连续投影算法(SPA)提取特征波长,建立全波段和特征波长的偏最小二乘(PLSR)预测模型;对比分析得到的最优光谱模型与动力学模型相结合,确定滩羊肉光谱动力学模型。结果表明,4℃和15℃的传统动力学模型的相关系数分别为0.502和0.912;4℃下原始光谱经PLSR建模后效果最优,相关系数R_c为0.821,R_p为0.863,15℃经SG-S(3,7)+De-trending(4)预处理后经PLSR建模效果最优,相关系数R_c为0.876,R_p为0.819。因此,高光谱结合传统动力学的模型检测羊肉pH值的方法是可行的,该模型可以预测15℃下滩羊肉的贮藏期。     

染料木素铬(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA相互作用的研究

在pH 7.2 Tris缓冲溶液中,采用紫外、DNA熔点、荧光、粘度等手段研究了染料木素铬(Ⅲ)配合物与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的作用机制,探讨了其作用模式。当加入一定量的ctDNA时,染料木素铬(Ⅲ)配合物的紫外吸收光谱的最大吸收峰产生明显的减色效应;而配合物体系的荧光强度、共振光散射信号随ctDNA的加入逐渐增强。配合物的存在能有效猝灭EB-DNA体系的荧光,且猝灭方式为静态猝灭。同时ctDNA的熔点和ctDNA溶液的粘度随配合物的加入而增大。据此推断,染料木素铬(Ⅲ)配合物与ctDNA之间具有较强的作用,配合物主要以插入方式与DNA结合,二者的键合常数为1.9×105 L·mol-1。该研究结果提示染料木素铬(Ⅲ)配合物有望作为抗癌活性候选药物,值得进一步深入研究。     

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport

Background

Duchenne musclar dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations of dystrophin gene, there is no effective treatment for this disorder at present. Plasmid-mediated gene therapy is a promising therapeutical approach for the treatment of DMD. One of the major issues with plasmid-mediated gene therapy for DMD is poor transfection efficiency and distribution. The herpes simplex virus protein VP22 has the capacity to spread from a primary transduced cell to surrounding cells and improve the outcome of gene transfer. To improve the efficiency of plasmid-mediated gene therapy and investigate the utility of the intercellular trafficking properties of VP22-linked protein for the treatment for DMD, expression vectors for C-terminal versions of VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein was constructed and the VP22-mediated shuttle effect was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Our results clearly demonstrate that the VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein could transport into C2C12 cells from 3T3 cells, moreover, the VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein enhanced greatly the amount of microdystrophin that accumulated following microdystrophin gene transfer in both transfected 3T3 cells and in the muscles of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice.

Conclusion

These results highlight the efficiency of the VP22-mediated intercellular protein delivery for potential therapy of DMD and suggested that protein transduction may be a potential and versatile tool to enhance the effects of gene delivery for somatic gene therapy of DMD.     

Selection of a cyclic nonapeptide inhibitor to α-chymotrypsin using a phage display peptide library

A cyclic nonapeptide library displayed on filamentous bacteriophages was selected 6 times against α-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) at three different pH conditions (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5). Phage peptide clones from the sixth selection, at all three pH conditions, interacted more strongly with α-chymotrypsin than the original library and a wild-type phage did. DNA sequencing of the selected phage peptide clones showed that different cyclic nonapeptide sequences had been selected at the different pH conditions. The oxidized form of the synthetic peptide, Cys-Cys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Arg-Cys-Arg-Cys, selected at pH 7.5, could completely inhibit the enzymatic activity of α-chymotrypsin. The structurally related enzymes trypsin (bovine) and elastase (porcine) were only marginally inhibited by the same peptide under the same conditions. The inhibition constant for α-chymotrypsin was estimated to be 10^-6 M. Phage clones expressing this peptide had a lower affinity for phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride-modified α-chymotrypsin than for natural α-chymotrypsin as determined by an enzyme immunosorbent assay. This peptide phage clone was also competitively prevented from binding to α-chymotrypsin by the corresponding synthetic oxidized peptide. Collectively, the results suggest that the oxidized form of the selected peptide Cys-Cys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Arg-Cys-Arg-Cys interacts with the active site of α-chymotrypsin and acts as a specific inhibitor to the enzyme. To our knowledge, the selected sequence Cys-Cys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Arg-Cys-Arg-Cys has not been found in nature. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

杆状病毒蛋白融合肽LdF在溶液中的NMR结构研究

LD130是舞毒蛾核多角体病毒（Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, LdMNPV）的膜融合蛋白（F蛋白）,其F₁亚基N端疏水的保守区为介导膜融合过程的活性肽段,即融合肽区域. 利用核磁共振的方法,确定了该融合肽在酸性条件下类膜环境中的溶液结构. 结果表明融合肽LdF具有典型的α螺旋结构,整个肽段于类膜环境中呈现两亲性,即螺旋沿轴向可分为亲水侧面和亲脂侧面. 该结构有利于对病毒囊膜与细胞膜融合过程的深入理解与研究.