铈改性纳米Ti/SnO_2-Sb_2O_3电极的制备及催化性能

以SnCl_4·5H_2O,Sb_2O_3和Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce改性Ti/SnO_2-Sb_2O_3电极。通过对Ce改性Ti/SnO_2-Sb_2O_3电极的析氧电位的测试及油田废水降解情况的考察,优化了稀土的掺杂量和热处理方法;分析了电极的电催化氧化能力。借助SEM,EDX和XRD等检测手段对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成、晶体结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明:最优掺杂比为Sn∶Sb∶Ce=100∶10∶2.5(摩尔比),最优热处理方法为方法二,此电极对目标有机物COD去除率达到91.2%,发现Ce的掺杂有利于电极催化性能的提高。     

钕改性钛基SnO2/Sb电催化电极的制备及表征

为改善钛基SnO2／Sb电极的电催化性能,采用浸渍法制备了Nd改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极。以活性艳红X-3B为目标有机物,考察电极的电催化性能,对制备温度和Nd掺杂量进行了研究,确定了适宜的制备条件为：热处理温度550℃,Nd掺杂量1.0％。采用SEN,EDS,XRD及XPS等分析方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,发现掺杂Nd可使SnO2粒径变小,有利于电极电催化性能的改善,同时Nd元素的引入可使杂质元素sb,Nd在电极表面涂层富集。Nd改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极表面主要是四方相金红石结构的SnO2晶体,掺杂的sb和Nd分别以Sb^5＋和Nd^3＋的形式存在。电极动电位扫描测试结果表明,Nd改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极具有较高的阳极析氧电位,有利于有机物的阳极氧化降解。     

铈掺杂Ti／TiO2电极的制备及催化降解油田废水性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土(Ce)掺杂TiO2电极,优化了制备改性TiO2电极的稀土掺杂量、热处理温度及热处理时间. 借助于油田废水化学需氧量(COD)去除情况分析了电极的电催化氧化能力,并分析了电极结构与电催化特性之间的关系. 采用SEM, EDX和XRD分析了制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成和晶体结构. 结果表明,掺杂Ce后电极的表面凹凸感变小,表面更为平滑、致密,几乎没有裂缝,这种均匀一致的高密度小碎片结构可能具有较大的表面粗糙度和比表面积,有利于催化反应. TiO2电极的晶体结构主要为锐钛矿型. 稀土的掺入使得晶相所对应的衍射峰强度变弱且峰形宽化,说明适量Ce的掺杂使涂层表面TiO2晶粒细化了. 在掺杂比为Ti∶Ce=100∶1.5, 热处理温度为450 ℃, 热处理时间为 90 min 时制备的掺杂Ce元素的电极性能最好,此电极对目标有机物COD去除率达到80%, 而不掺杂稀土元素的Ti/TiO2电极为阳极时COD去除率在同样时间内仅为62%, 说明稀土的掺杂提高了电极催化性能.     

SnO_2 Sb_2O_3中间层的制备条件对Ti/SnO_2 Sb_2O_3/PbO_2阳极性能的影响

研究了聚合前驱体制备的SnO2 Sb2 O3 中间层的焙烧温度、锑含量对Ti/SnO2 Sb2 O3 /PbO2 阳极性能的影响。用XRD、ESEM和探针法对锡锑中间层进行了表征 ,应用阳极寿命快速检测法测定了Ti/SnO2 Sb2 O3 /PbO2 电极在 1 0mol/LH2 SO4溶液中的寿命 ,并用极化曲线和电荷容量表征了锡锑中间层对钛基PbO2 阳极性能的影响。实验结果表明 ,聚合前驱体制备中间层的焙烧温度和锑含量对Ti/SnO2 Sb2 O3 /PbO2 电极的寿命和性能有显著的影响。在锡锑中间层的制备温度为 5 0 0℃、n(Sn)∶n(Sb) =9∶1时 ,制得的Ti/SnO2 Sb2 O3 /PbO2 电极用阳极寿命快速检测法测得的电极寿命达 30h ,具有良好的稳定性     

稀土La掺杂Ti/Sb-SnO2电极的制备及性能研究

采用浸渍法制备稀土La掺杂Ti/Sb-SnO₂电极,以活性艳红X^-3B为目标有机物,考察电极的电催化性能,对制备温度和La掺杂量进行了详细的实验研究,确定了适宜的制备条件为热处理温度450 ℃、La掺杂量0.7%。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS等分析方法表征了电极的形貌、组成及结构。发现掺杂稀土La能降低界面电阻,使Sb元素向电极表面富集,电极中的Sb、La元素分别以Sb⁴⁺、La³⁺的形式存在。对空白电极和La掺杂Ti/Sb-SnO₂电极进行了动电位扫描测定,考察了空白电极和La掺杂Ti/Sb-SnO₂电极的析氧电位;并采用破损法测定它们的电极寿命。结果表明,La掺杂Ti/Sb-SnO₂电极具有更高的析氧电位和更长的电极寿命。     

Dy改性SnO2 / Sb电催化电极的制备及表征

为改进钛基SnO2／Sb电极的电催化性能，采用高温热氧化法制备了稀土Dy改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极。以苯酚为目标有机物，考察了所制备电极的电催化活性，并采用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析方法表征了电极的形貌、组成及结构。对制备温度和Dy添加量进行了详细的实验研究，确定了适宜的制备条件为热处理温度650℃、Dy添加量1％左右。研究表明，结晶良好的掺杂SnO2晶粒有助于苯酚的快速彻底分解。Dy掺杂后，半径较大的Dy^3 可能取代半径较小的Sn^4 ，导致SnO2晶胞膨胀。引入Dy可提高SnO2晶粒的形核与长大速率之比，使SnO2的平均粒径变小，有利于电极催化性能的改善。但同时Dy掺杂使杂质原子Sb、Dy在电极表层富集，高含量的Dy会降低电极的性能。     

Sno2+Sb203中间层的制备条件对Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2阳极性能的影响

研究了聚合前驱体制备的SnO2+Sb2O3中间层的焙烧温度、锑含量对Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2阳极性能的影响. 用XRD、ESEM和探针法对锡锑中进行了表征,应用阳极寿命快速检测法测定了Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2电极在1.0 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的寿命,并用极化曲线和电荷容量表征了锡锑中间层对钛基PbO2阳极性能的影响. 实验结果表明,聚合前驱体制备中间层的焙烧温度和锑含量对Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2电极的寿命和性能有显著的影响. 在锡锑中间层的制备温度为500 ℃、n(Sn):n(Sb)=9:1时,制得的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2电极用阳极寿命快速检测法测得的电极寿命达30h,具有良好的稳定性.     

钕掺杂Ti基Sn-Sb涂层电极的制备及性能评价

以SnCl4·5H2O, Sb2O3和Nd(NO3)3·6H2O为前驱体, 纯钛板为基体, 采用涂层热解法制备了Nd掺杂Ti基Sn-Sb氧化物涂层电极. 通过对所制备电极的析氧电位和含阴离子表面活性剂污水降解效果的考察, 优化出最佳Nd掺杂量为SnSbNd=10062.5(摩尔比), 最佳热处理温度为550 ℃. 通过SEM, XRD和EDX等检测手段对制备的电极的表面形貌、晶体结构及元素组成进行了表征和分析, 结果证明, 适量Nd的掺杂使Ti/Sn-Sb电极的析氧电位明显提高, 达到1.72 V, 对阴离子表面活性剂的去除率达到97.4%, 使电极表面晶粒细化, 对基体覆盖较好. 掺杂过量会使SnO2晶格破坏, 使电极性能降低, 甚至低于未掺杂电极.     

高性能Bi3+掺杂改性PbO2电极的制备及表征

采用电沉积法制备了金属Bi3+改性PbO2(Bi-PbO2)电极,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-VisDRS)、荧光光谱(FP)、莫特-肖特基(Mott-Schottky)曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和线性极化扫描(LSV)等方法表征了其微结构和电化学性能.SEM、EDS和XPS结果表明,Bi3+以Bi2O3的形式掺杂进入PbO2镀层,同时其掺杂改性可明显改善PbO2镀层的微结构,使电极表面颗粒细化;XRD和UV-VisDRS分析结果显示Bi3+掺杂改性后,PbO2晶体的晶胞参数发生变化,同时禁带宽度(Eg)变小;荧光光谱分析表明Bi-PbO2电极可促进羟基自由基的产生,增强电极降解有机物的催化活性;电化学性能测试显示,Bi3+改性PbO2电极电催化活性的提升与电极的平带电势(Efb)负移、活性表面积增大、电化学反应电阻减小和析氧电位提高有关.     

RE/TiO2用于NO2-光催化氧化的研究

 以稀土盐和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了掺杂稀土\r\n光催化剂RE／TiO2（RE＝La,Ce,Er,Pr,Gd,Nd,Sm）,并用XRD,\r\nDRS和IR等手段对RE／TiO2进行了表征;以NO－2为目标降解物,考察了\r\n其光催化氧化活性．结果表明,适量RE的掺入,可有效扩展TiO2的光谱\r\n响应范围,有利于NO－2的吸附,使光催化活性均有不同程度的提高．\r\n其中掺杂Gd样品的光催化活性最高．掺杂量是影响光催化活性的重要因\r\n素,一般最佳掺杂量为w（RE）≈0．5％．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.