Innovative Syntheses of Cyano(fluoro)borates: Catalytic Cyanation,Electrochemical and Electrophilic Fluorination

Different types of high-yield, easily scalable syntheses for cyano(fluoro)borates Kt[BF_n(CN)_4−n] (n=0–2) (Kt=cation), which are versatile building blocks for materials applications and chemical synthesis, have been developed. Tetrafluoroborates react with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of metal-free Brønsted or Lewis acid catalysts under unprecedentedly mild conditions to give tricyanofluoroborates or tetracyanoborates. Analogously, pentafluoroethyltrifluoroborates are converted into pentafluoroethyltricyanoborates. Boron trifluoride etherate, alkali metal salts, and trimethylsilyl cyanide selectively yield dicyanodifluoroborates or tricyanofluoroborates. Fluorination of cyanohydridoborates is the third reaction type that includes direct fluorination with, for example, elemental fluorine, stepwise halogenation/fluorination reactions, and electrochemical fluorination (ECF) according to the Simons process. In addition, fluorination of [BH(CN)₂{OC(O)Et}]⁻ to result in [BF(CN)₂{OC(O)Et}]⁻ is described.     

Atomic fluorine in cobalt trifluoride thermolysis

The thermal decomposition of cobalt trifluoride was studied by High Temperature Mass Spectrometry (HTMS). It was ascertained that the rate of atomic fluorine evolution in the gas phase might be increased by adding small amounts of Ni(s) or CoF₂(s) to cobalt trifluoride. Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) was used to determine the morphology and composition of the solid product surface layer formed under different rates of CoF₃(s) thermolysis.     

Fluorination of polyethylene films

Fluorination of HDPE films (100 and 1800 μm thick) and LDPE films (100 μm thick) with elemental fluorine is described. The films were fluorinated at temperatures between 40°C and 100°C. The degree of fluorination was increased by increasing the concentration of fluorine in the F₂/N₂ gas mixture. A diffusion-controlled process was indicated by plotting the measured depth of fluorination against the square root of fluorination time. The chemistry of the process was studied by ESCA measurements or by energy dispersive analyses in the scanning electron microscope.     

A Solution-Phase Chemical Approach to a New Crystal Structure of Cobalt

Kinetic control of crystal growth in the presence of a coordinating ligand is critical for the formation of a new structure of elemental cobalt (ε-cobalt, the unit cell with the two different types of cobalt atoms is shown), which was discovered upon analyzing the metallic powder produced by the thermal decomposition of [Co₂(CO)₈] in solution in the presence of trioctylphosphane oxide [TOPO, Eq. (1)].     

Chloropolyfluorodiethyl ethers

Fluorination of 2-chlorodiethyl ether by cobalt trifluoride at 110–150 °C afforded isomers of 2-chloro-pentafluoro-, -hexafluoro-, and -heptafluorodiethyl ethers. Chlorine was lost in similar fluorinations of 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl ethyl ether, the only products isolated being a heptaand a hexa-fluoro diethyl ether. Structures were established spectroscopically.     

Solvent Extraction of Heavy Metals with a 23-Membered Macrocyclic Ionophore Attached with BF 2 + -Capped Cobalt(III) Complex

A new (E, E)-dioxime cobalt(III) complex [Co(HL)₂pyCl]containing four 23-membered macrocyclic ionophores has beenprepared. The cobalt(III) complex [Co(LBF₂)₂pyCl]bridged with BF₂ ⁺ was prepared using the precursorcobalt(III) complex and boron trifluoride ethyl ethercomplex. The solvent extraction of heavy metal cationssuch as Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by the BF₂ ⁺-capped cobalt(III) complex has been investigated. The structure of the complexes is proposedaccording to elemental analyses, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, IRand mass spectral data.     

Polymer-Supported Boron Trifluoride

Polystyrene, cross-linked with 7.8% of divinylbenzene, formed a stable complex in chloroform with boron trifluoride containing 0.11% of boron, while cross-linked polystyrene-4-vinylpyridine resins containing 2–2.5% of pyridine rings formed a stable complex with boron trifluoride, containing 1.04% of boron. Both complexes catalyze conversions of aromatic aldehydes, ketones, and acids with alcohols into corresponding acetals, cyclic ketals, and esters; diphenylmethanol converts into ether. The structure of the alcohol plays an important role, with conversions decreasing in the order 1-butanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol. Both complexes are very stable and in most cases more reactive than the cross-linked polystyrene-A1C1₃ complex.     

Chemistry of Thiazyl Fluoride (NSF) and Thiazyl Trifluoride (NSF3): A Quarter Century of Sulfur-Nitrogen-Fluorine Chemistry

Since the first sulfur-nitrogen-fluorine compounds were synthesized 25 years ago^[2], great progress has been made in this field of covalent fluorine chemistry^[3–9]. The two small molecules thiazyl fluoride (NSF) and thiazyl trifluoride (NSF₃), are key substances; nearly all sulfur-nitrogen-fluorine compounds can be derived from them.     

Fluorination of nitroform or its salts in organic solvents

Conclusions Fluorination of nitroform and its salts with elemental fluorine in the liquid phase has been achieved only in polar solvents.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 676–677, March, 1968.     

Elemental fluorine. Part 19: Electrophilic fluorination of hexyl derivatives bearing electron withdrawing groups

Reaction of a series of model hexyl derivatives of the form C₆H₁₃-X (X=Cl, Br, I, CO₂Me, COMe, CHO) with both elemental fluorine and Selectfluor™ was studied in order to assess the impact of electron withdrawing functional groups upon fluorination of an alkyl chain. Fluorination generally occurs at secondary sites, with a slight preference for those that are furthest removed from the electron withdrawing group, consistent with an electrophilic substitution process, although mixtures of fluorinated products are obtained in most cases.     

Polyfluorobicyclo[4,4,0]decanes. Part I. The fluorination of tetralin over cobalt trifluoride

Fluorination of tetralin over cobalt trifluoride at 250° in a stirred reactor gave the known cis- and trans- perfluorodecalins and two known fluorobicyclo[4,4,0]dec-1(6)-enes. Also obtained were five new heptadecafluorobicyclo[4,4,0]decanes. Dehydrofluorinations of these gave five new hexadecafluorobicyclo[4,4,0]decenes of which one, the 1(2)- isomer, rearranged readily to the 1(6)- isomer.     

New syntheses of platinum (IV) and platinum (VI) fluorides

γ-Ray and peroxide-initiated additions of dimethylether to F-cyclobutene, F-cyclopentene, and F-cyclohexene give mixtures of $\text{cis-}$ and $\text{trans-}$ adducts in each case, with a clear preference for $\text{trans}$-addition with F-cyclobutene. Selective bromination of the adducts occurs but the position of chlorination depends dramatically on solvent. Fluorination with cobalt trifluoride is very efficient.     

Corrosion Resistance of Construction Materials in Liquid Bromine Trifluoride

Results obtained in studying gravimetrically and electrochemically the corrosion resistance of the most widely used construction metals and alloys in liquid bromine trifluoride BrF₃ under steady-state conditions are presented.     

乙酸-三氟化硼乙醚混合质子电解质

乙酸和三氟化硼乙醚(BFEE)本身离子电导率很低, 向乙酸中加入少量BFEE可以形成良好的混合质子电解质溶液. 随着乙酸中BFEE浓度的变化, 混合电解质溶液的离子电导率迅速上升, 当BFEE摩尔分数为65%时具有最大值, 达5800 μS/cm. 红外光谱和¹H NMR研究表明混合电解质中的主要导电离子为CH₃COOH₂^＋和CH₃COOBF₃^－.     

Fluorinated coal as an internal standard for unit mass assignment

Fluorination of bituminous coal by elemental fluorine yields a solid product from which a solid distillate can be made by vacuum pyrolysis. Both fluorinated materials are easily made and are useful for mass spectrometric unit mass assignments. They have certain advantages over the commonly used perfluorokerosene, particularly for use in the high mass region.     

Cobalt(II) octanoate and cobalt(II) perfluorooctanoate catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene in toluene and fluorous media—A versatile route to catalyst recycling and oligomer formation

Cobalt(II) perfluorooctanoate‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reverse ATRP were developed to prepare oligostyrenes (M_n < 2500) with low polydispersities M_w/M_n < 1.5. Fluorous biphase catalysis was applied for effective recycling of catalyst and fluorous solvent. The homogeneous polymerization reaction was performed at 90 °C in toluene/cyclohexane/perfluorodecalin mixture (1:1:1) and fluorine‐free solvents. Temperature‐induced phase separation of this fluorous solvent mixture occurred at room temperature and proved to be the key for the very effective separation of the cobalt(II) perfluorooctanoate from the oligostyrene and fluorine‐free solvents. Both the fluorine‐tagged cobalt catalysts and the fluorous media were recycled and reused up to three times without encountering catalyst activity losses. The roles of cobalt catalysts, fluorous media, and monomer/initiator ratio were examined with respect to the polymerization kinetics. Fluorine‐containing and fluorine‐free cobalt(II) octanoate catalyzed controlled styrene oligomerization according to the ATRP mechanism. The molar mass control range was limited in fluorous biphase catalysis most likely because of precipitation of high molar mass polystyrenes in the fluorous reaction medium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time temperature‐induced phase separation of fluorous and fluorine‐free solvents has been successfully applied to polymerization processing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3804–3813, 2005     

固相反应合成丙二胺合钴氧合性能的研究

0引言氧载体是一类能够可逆吸收分子氧的特殊金属配合物。由于它在贮氧、除氧上有潜在的应用价值及对探索生命科学的重要意义,使得氧载体的研究得以广泛的展开[1~3],目前对氧载体氧合性能的影响因素研究局限于溶剂、温度、配体等因素的研究[4~6],而不同金属盐对氧载体氧合性能影响的探讨很少见于报道。作者在实验中发现,当使用不同阴离子的钴盐进行固相合成氧载体时,所得氧载体吸收分子氧的性能有明显差异。为探讨固相反应中不同钴盐对钴配合物氧合性能的影响,本文以丙二胺为配体,与四种不同钴盐分别发生液鄄固反应和气鄄固反应,再通过氧合…     

Boron Trifluoride Mediated Synthesis of 1,3-Disubstituted 1,2-Dihydronapthalénes

Aromatic aldehydes react with β,β-disubstituted styrenes to produce 1,3-disubstituted-1,2-dihydronapthalenes in the presence of boron trifluoride in good yields.     

Cold Plasma Processing and Plasma Chemistry of Metallic Cobalt Surface

Plasma processing of metallic cobalt was experimentally investigated with three fluorine-containing gases, CF₄–O₂, SF₆–O₂, and NF₃ to determine the surface decontamination rate and to examine the reaction mechanism. Results show that the maximum etching rate reaches 17.12 μm/min with NF₃ gas at 420°C, while the rates are 2.56 μm/min and 1.14 μm/min with CF₄–O₂ and SF₆–O₂ gas, respectively, at the same temperature. AES analysis identified the constituent elements of the reaction products to be oxygen, fluorine, and cobalt, and XPS analysis reveals that the reaction product with all three plasma gases is very likely to be CoF₂.     

Syntheses,Structures and Characterization of Cobalt(II) and Cobalt(III) Complexes with N-Benzylated Polyamines and a Terminal Azido Ligand

Mononuclear cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes, [Co(trenb)(N₃)]Cl (1) and [Co(dienb)(N₃)₂(OAc)] (2) (trenb = tris[2-(benzylamino)ethyl]amine, dienb = 1,9-diphenyl-2,5,8-triazanonane) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and electronic spectra. Their crystal structures were also determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. In Complex 1, cobalt(II) is five-coordinate trigonal bipyramidal with one azido nitrogen atom and four nitrogen donors of the tripodal ligand; the chloride interacts weakly with one of the secondary amino groups of trenb via a hydrogen bond. In Complex 2, cobalt(III) is in a distorted octahedral coordination environment, consisting of three nitrogen atoms of the amine ligand, two azide nitrogen atoms and an oxygen atom of the acetate ion; a six-membered ring involving the hydrogen bond may stabilize the complex, which maintains its solid geometry in DMF as indicated by the electronic spectrum.