Hyper-Hermitian Quaternionic Kähler Manifolds

We call a quaternionic Kähler manifold with nonzero scalar curvature, whosequaternionic structure is trivialized by a hypercomplex structure, ahyper-Hermitian quaternionic Kähler manifold. We prove that every locallysymmetric hyper-Hermitian quaternionic Kähler manifold is locally isometricto the quaternionic projective space or to the quaternionic hyperbolic space.We describe locally the hyper-Hermitian quaternionic Kähler manifolds withclosed Lee form and show that the only complete simply connected suchmanifold is the quaternionic hyperbolic space.     

Quaternionic Monge-Ampère equation and Calabi problem for HKT-manifolds

A quaternionic version of the Calabi problem on the Monge-Ampère equation is introduced, namely a quaternionic Monge-Ampère equation on a compact hypercomplex manifold with an HKT-metric. The equation is non-linear elliptic of second order. For a hypercomplex manifold with holonomy in SL(n,ℍ), uniqueness (up to a constant) of a solution is proven, aas well as the zero order a priori estimate. The existence of a solution is conjectured, similar to the Calabi-Yau theorem. We reformulate this quaternionic equation as a special case of the complex Hessian equation, making sense on any complex manifold.     

Stable bundles on hypercomplex surfaces

A hypercomplex manifold is a manifold equipped with three complex structures I, J, K satisfying the quaternionic relations. Let M be a 4-dimensional compact smooth manifold equipped with a hypercomplex structure, and E be a vector bundle on M. We show that the moduli space of anti-self-dual connections on E is also hypercomplex, and admits a strong HKT metric. We also study manifolds with (4,4)-supersymmetry, that is, Riemannian manifolds equipped with a pair of strong HKT-structures that have opposite torsion. In the language of Hitchin’s and Gualtieri’s generalized complex geometry, (4,4)-manifolds are called “generalized hyperkähler manifolds”. We show that the moduli space of anti-self-dual connections on M is a (4,4)-manifold if M is equipped with a (4,4)-structure.     

Twistor spaces of hypercomplex manifolds are balanced

A hypercomplex structure on a differentiable manifold consists of three integrable almost complex structures that satisfy quaternionic relations. If, in addition, there exists a metric on the manifold which is Hermitian with respect to the three structures, and such that the corresponding Hermitian forms are closed, the manifold is said to be hyperkähler. In the paper “Non-Hermitian Yang–Mills connections” [13], Kaledin and Verbitsky proved that the twistor space of a hyperkähler manifold admits a balanced metric; these were first studied in the article “On the existence of special metrics in complex geometry” [17] by Michelsohn. In the present article, we review the proof of this result and then generalize it and show that twistor spaces of general compact hypercomplex manifolds are balanced.     

An Introduction to Commutative Quaternions

A Scheffers theorem states that for commutative hypercomplex numbers the differential calculus does exist and the functions can be introduced in the same way as they are for the complex variable. This property could open new applications of commutative quaternions in comparison with non-commutative Hamilton quaternions. In this article we introduce some quaternionic systems, their algebraic properties and the differential conditions (Generalized Cauchy-Riemann conditions) that their functions must satisfy. Then we show that the functional mapping, studied in the geometry associated with the quaternions, does have the same properties of the conformal mapping performed by the functions of complex variable. We also summarize the expressions of the elementary functions.     

On a uniform estimate for the quaternionic Calabi problem

We establish a C ⁰ a priori bound on the solutions of the quaternionic Calabi-Yau equation (of Monge-Ampère type) on compact HKT manifolds with a locally flat hypercomplex structure. As an intermediate step, we prove a quaternionic version of the Gauduchon theorem.     

Almost hyper-Hermitian structures in bundle spaces over manifolds with almost contact 3-structure

We consider almost hyper-Hermitian structures on principal fibre bundles with one-dimensional fiber over manifolds with almost contact 3-structure and study relations between the respective structures on the total space and the base. This construction suggests the definition of a new class of almost contact 3-structure, which we called trans-Sasakian, closely connected with locally conformal quaternionic Kähler manifolds. Finally we give a family of examples of hypercomplex manifolds which are not quaternionic Kähler.     

Abelian Hypercomplex 8-Dimensional Nilmanifolds

We study invariant Abelian hypercomplex structures on 8-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups. We prove that a group N admitting such a structure is either Abelian or an Abelian extension of a group of type H. We determine the Poincaré polynomials of the associated nilmanifolds and study the existence of symplectic and quaternionic structures on such spaces.     

The Weierstrass factorization theorem for slice regular functions over the quaternions

The class of slice regular functions of a quaternionic variable has been recently introduced and is intensively studied, as a quaternionic analogue of the class of holomorphic functions. Unlike other classes of quaternionic functions, this one contains natural quaternionic polynomials and power series. Its study has already produced a rather rich theory having steady foundations and interesting applications. The main purpose of this article is to prove a Weierstrass factorization theorem for slice regular functions. This result holds in a formulation that reflects the peculiarities of the quaternionic setting and the structure of the zero set of such functions. Some preliminary material that we need to prove has its own independent interest, like the study of a quaternionic logarithm and the convergence of infinite products of quaternionic functions.     

Holomorphic synthesis of monogenic functions of several quaternionic variables

The system of differential equations for polymonogenic functions of several quaternionic variables is an analogue of the -equation in complex analysis. We give a representation of polymonogenic functions by means of integration of a family of σ-holomorphic functions as σ runs over the variety Σ of all complex structures ℍ ≅ ℂ² which are consistent with the metric and an orientation in ℍ. The variety Σ is isomorphic to the manifold of all proper right ideals in the complexified quaternionic algebra and has a natural complex analytic structure. We construct a -complex on Σ that provides a resolvennt for the sheaf of polymonogenic functions.     

Conformal quaternionic contact curvature and the local sphere theorem

A tensor invariant is defined on a quaternionic contact manifold in terms of the curvature and torsion of the Biquard connection involving derivatives up to third order of the contact form. This tensor, called quaternionic contact conformal curvature, is similar to the Weyl conformal curvature in Riemannian geometry and to the Chern–Moser tensor in CR geometry. It is shown that a quaternionic contact manifold is locally quaternionic contact conformal to the standard flat quaternionic contact structure on the quaternionic Heisenberg group, or equivalently, to the standard 3-Sasakian structure on the sphere iff the quaternionic contact conformal curvature vanishes.     

Quaternionic Kähler manifolds with Hermitian and Norden metrics

Almost hypercomplex manifolds with Hermitian and Norden metrics and more specially the corresponding quaternionic Kähler manifolds are considered. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the investigated manifolds to be isotropic hyper-Kählerian and flat are found. It is proved that the quaternionic Kähler manifolds with the considered metric structure are Einstein for dimension at least 8. The class of the non-hyper-Kähler quaternionic Kähler manifolds of the considered type is determined.     

A direct approach to quaternionic manifolds

The recent definition of slice regular function of several quaternionic variables suggests a new notion of quaternionic manifold. We give the definition of quaternionic regular manifold, as a space locally modeled on , in a slice regular sense. We exhibit some significant classes of examples, including manifolds which carry a quaternionic affine structure.     

The Sharp Lower Bound of the First Eigenvalue of the Sub-Laplacian on a Quaternionic Contact Manifold

The main technical result of the paper is a Bochner type formula for the sub-Laplacian on a quaternionic contact manifold. With the help of this formula we establish a version of Lichnerowicz’s theorem giving a lower bound of the eigenvalues of the sub-Laplacian under a lower bound on the Sp(n)Sp(1) components of the qc-Ricci curvature. It is shown that in the case of a 3-Sasakian manifold the lower bound is reached iff the quaternionic contact manifold is a round 3-Sasakian sphere. Another goal of the paper is to establish a priori estimates for square integrals of horizontal derivatives of smooth compactly supported functions. As an application, we prove a sharp inequality bounding the horizontal Hessian of a function by its sub-Laplacian on the quaternionic Heisenberg group.     

A note on rigidity of 3-Sasakian manifolds

Making use of the relations among 3-Sasakian manifolds, hypercomplex manifolds and quaternionic Kähler orbifolds, we prove that complete 3-Sasakian manifolds are rigid.

     

Real Hypersurfaces in Quaternionic Space Forms Satyisfying Axioms of Planes

A Riemannian manifold satisfies the axiom of 2-planes if at each point, there are suficiently many totally geodesic surfaces passing through that point. Real hypersurfaces in quaternionic space forms admit nice families of tangent planes, namely, totally real, half-quaternionic and quaternionic. Several definitions of axiom of planes arise naturally when we consider such families of tangent planes. We are able to classify real hypersurfaces in quaternionic space forms satisfying these definitions.     

Quaternionic Kähler and Spin(7) metrics arising from quaternionic contact Einstein structures

We construct left-invariant quaternionic contact (qc) structures on Lie groups with zero and non-zero torsion and with non-vanishing quaternionic contact conformal curvature tensor, thus showing the existence of non-flat quaternionic contact manifolds. We prove that the product of the real line with a seven-dimensional manifold, equipped with a certain qc structure, has a quaternionic Kähler metric as well as a metric with holonomy contained in Spin(7). As a consequence, we determine explicit quaternionic Kähler metrics and Spin(7)-holonomy metrics, which seem to be new. Moreover, we give explicit non-compact eight dimensional almost quaternion hermitian manifolds that are not quaternionic Kähler with either a closed fundamental four form or fundamental two forms defining a differential ideal.     

On the spectral geometry for the Jacobi operators of harmonic maps into a quaternionic projective space

We characterize both invariant and totally real immersions into the quaternionic projective space by the spectra of the Jacobi operator. Also, we study spectral characterization of harmonic submersions when the target manifold is the quaternionic projective space.     

Sur la géométrie systolique des variétés de Bieberbach

We review the theory of quaternionic Kähler and hyperkähler structures. Then we consider the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold M endowed with a metric connection D, with torsion, and with its well estabilished canonical complex structure. With an almost Hermitian structure on M it is possible to find a quaternionic Hermitian structure on TM, which is quaternionic Kähler if, and only if, D is flat and torsion free. We also review the symplectic nature of TM, in the wider context of geometry with torsion. Finally we discover an S ³-bundle of complex structures, which expands to TM the well known S ²-twistor bundle of a quaternionic Hermitian manifold M.     

On orthostochastic, unistochastic and qustochastic matrices

We introduce qustochastic matrices as the bistochastic matrices arising from quaternionic unitary matrices by replacing each entry with the square of its norm. This is the quaternionic analogue of the unistochastic matrices studied by physicists. We also introduce quaternionic Hadamard matrices and quaternionic mutually unbiased bases (MUB). In particular we show that the number of MUB in an n-dimensional quaternionic Hilbert space is at most 2n+1. The bound is attained for n=2. We also determine all quaternionic Hadamard matrices of size n?4.