特征参量法 2: 可逆反应

根据几类可逆反应通用的微分动力学方程和热动力学变换方程,本文建立了可逆反应的特征参量研究法。应用该法在两个温度下研究了硝基乙烷分别与氨和Tris反应的热动力学, 实验结果验证了可逆反应特征参量法的正确性。     

特征参量法1: 简单级数反应的热动力学研究法

建立了测定热动力学体系冷却常数的线性拟合法和简单级数反应通用的热动力学研究法---特征参量法。导出了简单级数反应的动力学参数Kn和速率常数kn的通用计算式。应用冷却常数的线性拟合法在不同温度下测定了两个反应体系的冷却常数, 探讨了温度、浓度、介质及装样方式对冷却常数的影响。应用简单级数反应的特征参量法研究了一级、二级、三级和分数级反应的热动力学, 结果文献值吻合。讨论了热动力学体系的冷却常数对速率常数计算结果的影响。     

特征参量法1: 简单级数反应的热动力学研究法

建立了测定热动力学体系冷却常数的线性拟合法和简单级数反应通用的热动力学研究法---特征参量法。导出了简单级数反应的动力学参数Kn和速率常数kn的通用计算式。应用冷却常数的线性拟合法在不同温度下测定了两个反应体系的冷却常数, 探讨了温度、浓度、介质及装样方式对冷却常数的影响。应用简单级数反应的特征参量法研究了一级、二级、三级和分数级反应的热动力学, 结果文献值吻合。讨论了热动力学体系的冷却常数对速率常数计算结果的影响。     

热动力学对比进度法II. 2-2型可逆反应

在第Ⅰ报中,我们建立了可逆反应动力学的数学模型,提出了可逆反应热动力学的对比进度研究法.为了进一步验证和完善该数学模型及对比进度法,在前文基础上研究了2-硝基丙烷与吗啡啉的反应,测定了该反应在25.0℃及30.0℃时的正逆速率常数和平衡常数.并对热动力学对比进度法及实验结果进行了讨论.     

时间参量法

从简单级数反应的热学方程出发,将时间作为已知参量,提出了一种新的热动力学研究法－－简单级数反应的热谱面积差法,该法不需反应进行到底便可求解化学反应的速率常数,实验结果验证了方法的正确性。     

绝热式热动力学的研究4: 可逆反应的热谱解析

本文建立了可逆反应在绝热系统中的热动力学研究法, 并用自制的绝热式自动热量计, 研究了三个可逆反应体系的热动力学, 验证了本文方法的正确性。     

模拟热谱曲线法（Ⅲ）——可逆反应

可逆反应是一类重要的复合反应，建立其相应的热动力学研究法有重要意义．刘劲松等[1]建立了可逆反应热动力学的对比进度研究法，曾宪诚等[2]建立了二种可逆反应热动力学无量纲参数研究法．本文根据热动力学理论和文献[3]的基本原理，建立了热导式量热体系的几类（2－2型、2－1型、1－2型）可逆反应通用的模拟热谱曲线研究法．该法无需标定热动力学体系的冷却常数，直接从一张热谱图上同时解析出可逆反应的kf、kb、K，方法更为简便，实用性强，在化学、生化反应的热动力学研究中具有广泛的应用前景．应用该法在15℃、25℃下研究了硝基乙烷…     

慢对峙反应的热动力学对比参量法

根据热动力学基本理论，推导了对峙反应的热动力学对比参量方程，建立了对峙反应对比参量法的数学模型。该法利用特征时间t~m和2t~m时对应的热谱数据计算反应的对比参量，进而解析出较慢对峙反应的速率常数和平衡常数。利用该法分别研究了硝基乙烷与氨和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷质子转移反应的热动力学，实验结果表明了较慢对峙反应对比参量法的正确性。     

热动力学对比参量法 --简单级数反应

根据化学反应动力学和热动力学基本理论, 建立了简单级数反应的热动力学对比参量方程, 提出了一种新的热动力学研究法--对比参量法. 利用该法可以从一张热谱图上同时解析出化学反应的速率常数、半衰期和热动力学体系的冷却常数. 实验结果验证了方法的正确性.     

慢对峙反应的热动力学对比参量法

根据热动力学基本理论,推导了对峙反应的热动力学对比参量方程,建立了对峙反应对比参量法的数学模型。该法利用特征时间t~m和2t~m时对应的热谱数据计算反应的对比参量,进而解析出较慢对峙反应的速率常数和平衡常数。利用该法分别研究了硝基乙烷与氨和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷质子转移反应的热动力学,实验结果表明了较慢对峙反应对比参量法的正确性。     

Thermokinetic Research Method for Faster First-order Reaction. Double-parameter method

This paper presents a novel data processing method for thermokinetics of faster first-order reaction on the basis of the double-parameter theoretical model of a conduction calorimeter, in which the rate constant of a first-order reaction can be calculated from only four peak height data from the same thermoanalytical curve without using any peak-area. The saponifications of ethyl acetate and methyl acetate in aqueous solution and ethyl benzoate in aqueous alcohol have been studied to test the validity of this method. The rate constants calculated with this method are in fair agreement with those in literature; hence the validity of this method is demonstrated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characteristic parameter method for studying kinetics of opposing reactions in calorimeter

According to the theoretical basis of thermokinetics, the integral and differential thermokinetic equations of opposing reactions have been derived, and a novel thermokinetic research method, the characteristic parameter method for opposing reactions which taking place in a batch conduction calorimeter under isothermal condition, has been proposed in this paper. Only needing the characteristic thermoanalytical data corresponding to t_m and 2t_m from the same curve, the rate constants of forward and backward reactions and equilibrium constant can be calculated simultaneously with this method. In order to test the validity of this method, the proton-transfer reactions of nitroethane with ammonia at 15 and 25°C, and with trihydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris) at 15 and 30°C have been studied, respectively. The results of rate constants and equilibrium constants calculated with this method are in agreement with those in the literature. Therefore, the characteristic parameter method for opposing reaction is believed to be correct.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

时间参量法4: 简单级数反应的双谱法

根据简单级数反应的热动力学方程,提出了一种新的热谱曲线解析方法---简单级数反应的双谱法。该法利用两张热谱曲线的特征热谱数据α~m^*,Δ~m,和t~m,便能以简单的数学形式计算出化学反应的速率常数。实验结果验证了方法的正确性。     

Characteristic parameter method for studying chemical kinetics in calorimeter

A novel thermokinetic research method for determination of rate constants of simple-order reaction in batch conduction calorimeter under isothermal condition, the characteristic parameter method, is proposed in this paper. Only needing the characteristic time parameter tm obtained from the measured thermoanalytical curve, the kinetic parameters of reactions studied can be calculated conveniently with this method. The saponifications of ethyl propionate and ethyl acetate in aqueous ethanol solvent, the polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution, the ring opening reaction of epichlorohydrin with hydrobromic acid have been studied. The experimental results indicate that the characteristic parameter method for simple-order reaction is correct. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermokinetic Research Method for Simple-order Reactions. Double-thermoanalytical curve method

A novel thermokinetic research method for determination of the rate constant of a reaction taking place in a batch conduction calorimeter under isothermal conditions is proposed: the double-thermoanalytical curve method. The method needs only the characteristic time parameter t _m, the peak height Δ_m at time t _m and the peak area a*_m after time t _m for two thermoanalytical curves measured with different initial concentrations of the reactants: it conveniently calculates the rate constants. The thermokinetics of four reaction systems were studied with this method, and its validity was verified by the experimental results. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Calorimetric Reaction Rate Determination with the Characteristic Kinetic Parameter Method

On the basis of the theory of thermokinetics proposed in the literature, a novel thermokinetic method for determination of the reaction rate, the characteristic parameter method, is proposed in this paper. Mathematical models were established to determine the kinetic parameters and rate constants. In order to test the validity of this method, the saponifications of ethyl benzoate, ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate, and the formation of hexamethylenetetramine were studied with this method. The rate constants calculated with this method are in agreement with those in the literature, and the characteristic parameter method is therefore believed to be correct.In the light of the characteristic parameter method, we have developed further two thermo-kinetic methods, the thermoanalytical single and multi-curve methods, which are convenient for simultaneous determination of the reaction order and the rate constant. The reaction orders and rate constants of the saponifications of ethyl acetate and ethyl butyrate and the ring-opening reaction of epichlorohydrin with hydrobromic acid were determined with these methods, and their validity was verified by the experimental results.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermokinetic Study on the Reversible Competitive Inhibition of Bovine Liver Arginase

Introduction Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) is a widespread and very im-portant enzyme in mammals, which specifically cata-lyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea and the non-protein amino acid L-ornithine, a key step in the urea cycle.1 Urea is the principal metabolite for disposal of nitrogen as a neutral and nontoxic waste product formed during amino acid metabolism in mammals. L-ornithine serves as a biosynthetic precursor to L-proline and the polyamines such as putrescine, sper-mine (in eucar…     

时间参量法Ⅱ.简单级数反应的热谱面积差法

从简单级数反应的热动力学方程出发,将时间作为已知参量,提出了一种新的热动力学研究法——简单级数反应的热谱面积差法.该法不需反应进行到底便可求解化学反应的速率常数.实验结果验证了方法的正确性.