经济政策不确定性对“中-美”股市、“中国股市-黄金市场”的长期动态相关性影响研究———基于DCC-MIDAS模型

研究聚焦在中国经济政策不确定性对“中-美”股市、“中国股市-黄金市场”的长期动态相关性影响方面。引入Baker提出的用于衡量经济政策不确定性的EPU指数建立修正版DCC-MIDAS模型,基于该模型的实证结果如下:其一,中国经济政策不确定性指数变动对 “中-美”股市的长期相关性具有显著的正向影响;其二,中国经济政策不确定性指数变化对“中国股市—黄金市场”的长期相关性具有显著的负向影响,当经济政策不确定性较高时,投资者会倾向于选择相对安全的黄金资产,这恰恰符合“安全投资转移”效应。除此之外,作为应用案例,比较了美股股指期货和黄金期货的风险对冲效果,结果显示美股期货对冲更优。     

美式期权的效用最大化问题

本文考虑有限离散和连续的金融市场模型 ,且市场是有效的 ,研究不同效用函数 U(x)所产生的报酬序列 { U(Sn)(1 +r) n} ,报酬函数 U(St)ert 的最优停止问题即何时达到美式效用最大化问题 .其中 U(x)是由股票价格产生的效用 .     

股价服从指数O-U过程的多点重置期权定价

本文在风险中性定价原则下,得到了股价服从指数O-U(Ornstein-Uhlenbeck)过程的n个重置日期m个执行价格的重置期权定价,又在利率服从扩展Vasicek模型下,得到了n个重置日期m个执行价格的重置期权定价.     

EQUILIBRIUM ABUNDANCE OF SALMON STOCKS IN A LIFE CYCLE MODEL WITH INTERACTING HATCHERY AND NATURAL SUBSTOCKS

This paper develops the equilibrium solutions for an age-structured life cycle model where spawning stock is split between natural and hatchery spawners. Mixing is allowed between the stocks through natural stock take by the hatchery and release of eggs or fry by the hatchery when its capacity is exceeded. The natural stock is assumed to have density-dependent egg-smolt survival while the hatchery stock has linear survival. The model can be applied to any hatchery reared fish stock but is most appropriate for salmon, where hatchery and naturally spawned fish mix completely later in life. Questions about the mix between the hatchery and natural stocks can be addressed by computing the fraction of naturally and hatchery derived stock among the natural and hatchery spawners as well as among the total adult run. Columbia River chinook stock are used as an example for which equilibria and mixing fractions are computed. A Monte Carlo sensitivity study on model parameters showed that the natural stock survival from smoltification to age 1 and the natural basin smolt carrying capacity are most important in controlling the equilibrium age-1 naturally spawned stock. Changing hatchery capacity over two orders of magnitude showed a 50 percent change in the fraction of naturally derived fish in the natural spawning stock, while the relative size of natural and hatchery stocks changed over two orders of magnitude. The model can serve as a tool for quickly assessing the effects of spawning habitat modification and hatchery supplementation practices on long-term stock mixing and stock abundance.     

股价最简微分方程,其解及与Black-Scholes模型的假设的相互关系

在系数的某种等价关系条件下,股价的两类数学表达式,一类是基于明确型描述的由类似固体力学方法导出的最简微分方程(S.D.E.)的解,另一类是基于不确定型描述(即统计理论)的Black-Scholes模型的假设(A.B-S.M.),即股价密度函数服从对数正态分布,可以是完全相同的.S.D.E.的解仅适用于股市的常规情形(无利好或利空消息,等),因此,A.B-S.M.的适用范围也相同.     

On theoretical pricing of options with fuzzy estimators

In this paper we present an application of a new method of constructing fuzzy estimators for the parameters of a given probability distribution function, using statistical data. This application belongs to the financial field and especially to the section of financial engineering. In financial markets there are great fluctuations, thus the element of vagueness and uncertainty is frequent. This application concerns Theoretical Pricing of Options and in particular the Black and Scholes Options Pricing formula. We make use of fuzzy estimators for the volatility of stock returns and we consider the stock price as a symmetric triangular fuzzy number. Furthermore we apply the Black and Scholes formula by using adaptive fuzzy numbers introduced by Thiagarajah et al. [K. Thiagarajah, S.S. Appadoo, A. Thavaneswaran, Option valuation model with adaptive fuzzy numbers, Computers and Mathematics with Applications 53 (2007) 831–841] for the stock price and the volatility and we replace the fuzzy volatility and the fuzzy stock price by possibilistic mean value. We refer to both cases of call and put option prices according to the Black & Scholes model and also analyze the results to Greek parameters. Finally, a numerical example is presented for both methods and a comparison is realized based on the results.     

金融危机前后中英美股票市场间波动溢出效应比较

为研究波动溢出效应是否存在于中英美股市问,若存在,波动溢出效应传导机制如何,截取2005年7月22日至2009年6月30日的标准普尔500指数、伦敦金融时报100指数、沪深300指数共1045个日收盘数据,时间段分为金融危机前后,分别构建三元MGARCH-BEKK模型,实证结果表明:(1)金融危机发生前,中英美股市间存在波动溢出效应,传导机制为:先从英国到美国再到中国;(2)金融危机发生后,中英美股市间仍存在波动溢出效应,但传导机制变为:先从美国到英国再到中国。通过比较分析实证结果,得出如下结论:(1)美国是全球股票市场风险的主要来源国,特别是金融危机之后更加明显;(2)中国是全球股票市场风险的主要接受国。     

基于VAR风险指标的投资组合模糊优化

在二目标有价证券选择基础上 ,引入目前流行的风险指标 VAR,以收益率与风险损失为目标 ,将模糊概念运用于有价证券组合选择 ,按投资者给定的期望目标及容差 ,讨论了 S型隶属函数模型 .通过 VAR的给定 ,将投资者所能承受的最大损失锁定 ,更好地反映出投资者对目标值的取值意图 .依据深圳股票市场9只股票收益率数据 ,采用进化规划进行优化计算 ,并验证模型的有效性 .     

运用生存模型对上证指数涨跌天数的研究

本运用生存模型对上证指数连续上涨和下跌天数进行了研究,分析了“T 1”政策和“涨停板”政策对股市的影响。我们发现生存模型对于分析股市的变动是有效的。     

用自回归模型预测中国股市未来现金股利水平

对中国股市1996年以后所发放的现金股利的分布规律进行了研究,发现中国股市现金股利增量时间序列近似符合平稳过程。在此基础上探讨了利用线性模型技术的自回归(AR)模型对未来股利水平进行预测的一些技术问题,然后运用蒙特卡罗技术对现金股利增量进行了模拟试验,产生了足够多的数据并得出了拟合预报方程。最后对未来四十年中国股市现金股利的发放水平进行了预测。     

聚类法分析美国次贷危机对全球股市的影响

研究以全球具有代表性的37种股指的周收益率作为资料来源,以爆发一年多来的美国次贷危机为背景,将2007年4月～2008年11月的数据分为五个阶段,用聚类分析方法研究美国次贷危机对全球股市的影响.实证结果表明:1)欧美大部分国家的股市与美国股市密切相关,在次贷危机经历的第三个阶段和第五个阶段,亚洲一些国家的股市也受到美国股市的影响,且第五个阶段的影响范围是最广的.2)中国大陆股市在整个过程中都保持着相对较独立的走势.     

模糊机会约束规划下的投资组合模型

资产的过去数据和专家对资产未来表现的判断是资产收益率的两个重要信息,本文用基于上述两个信息的可能性分布描述证券收益率的不确定性,结合可能性测度和必要性测度,建立了基于模糊机会约束规划的乐观型和悲观型投资组合模型,并且得到了各模型的最优解的解析式。最后给出了算例予以说明。     

中、欧股市非线性分形特征的比较研究

本文利用R/S重标极差法对中国股市(上证综指和深证成指)日收益的非线性分形特征进行实证分析,并与欧洲股市的五个重要股指进行比较,结果表明:中国股市收益波动比欧洲五大市场存在着更强的长程相关性和非周期性循环,沪、深两市的Hurst指数都明显大于0.6,具有一定的非线性分形特征。     

次贷危机下中国股市与国外股市相依性分析——基于Markov机制转换模型

文章通过选取2004年1月1日到2009年6月30日中国、香港、日本、英国和澳大利亚五个股票市场日收盘价的道琼斯数据,采用三状态Markov机制转换模型研究这些股市间相依性结构的变化。通过对目标股市结构变化的研究,可以描述并预测股市的波动性,从而指导风险管理。实证分析表明,在有机制转换条件下,澳大利亚与英国、日本股市间的相依性比无机制转换条件下均有所下降,而中国与香港股市间相依性却大幅上升。同时,本文采用总体拟合效果法来选取合适的copula函数并运用基于copula理论的相关系数法进行对比研究,发现次贷危机后各股市间的尾部相依性出现不同的变化,市场收益率呈现下降趋势,波动性均有所增加。其中,澳大利亚与英国股市间的尾部相依性最强,而中国股市与其他股市之间的相依性较弱,说明受到影响的程度较小。     

我国股市收益的双长记忆性检验——基于VaR估计的ARFIMA-HYGARcH-skt模型

针对股市收益分布的"尖峰肥尾"特征,引入了偏t分布作为新息分布。基于VaR方法,从风险估计的角度,利用ARFIMA(2,d_1,0)-HYGARCH(1,d_2,1)-skt模型对1996年12月17日至2007年7月5日期间的沪深股市收益进行了实证分析.实证结果显示:沪深股市具有显著的双长记忆特征;上海股市的日收益率和波动率的长记忆性均比深圳股市强;ARFIMA(2,d_1,0)- HYGARCH(1,d_2,1)-skt模型对我国股市收益具有较强的风险估计和预测能力。     

宏观经济信息宣告的股市收益及波动性效应——基于改进的AR(1)-EGARCH(1,1)-M模型的实证检验

基于改进的AR(1)-EGARCH(1,1)-M模型,从收益率和波动性两个方面考察各类宏观信息宣告对股票市场价格行为的影响.结果表明,居民消费价格指数和商品零售价格指数对股票市场的收益有负向影响;国内生产总值、社会消费品零售总额、公开市场操作利率变动率和企业景气指数对股票市场的收益有正向影响;公开市场操作公告会导致股票市场条件收益率显著增加;其余各类宏观信息因素对股票市场收益的波动性并不存在显著影响.     

中国A股市场收益波动的非对称性研究

本文运用ARMA—EGARCH及ARMA-TARCH模型,以1993年1月以来沪深两市的A股指数的日收益为研究样本,检验中国股票市场是否存在波动的非对称性,结果表明:无论是上证还是深证A股市场,收益率波动的非对称性都表现出阶段性特征,股市发展早期,市场表现为反向的非对称性或非对称不明显,随着时间的发展,股市收益的波动则存在非对称性,且表现为杠杆效应。     

Analysis of an exhibiting inventory system

This paper deals with a continuous review (s,S) inventory system having one exhibiting item subject to random failure. It is assumed that the demand epochs form a renewal process and the probability distribution of demand magnitudes depend only on the time elapsed since the previous demand. Replenishment of stock is instantaneous. For this model expression for the limiting distribution of position inventory is derived by applying the techniques of semi-regenerative process. Some special cases are discussed in detail     

Nonparametric long term prediction of stock returns with generated bond yields

Recent empirical approaches in forecasting equity returns or premiums found that dynamic interactions among the stock and bond are relevant for long term pension products. Automatic procedures to upgrade or downgrade risk exposure could potentially improve long term performance for such products. The risk and return of bonds is more easy to predict than the risk and return of stocks. This and the well known stock-bond correlation motivates the inclusion of the current bond yield in a model for the prediction of excess stock returns. Here, we take the actuarial long term view using yearly data, and focus on nonlinear relationships between a set of covariates. We employ fully nonparametric models and apply for estimation a local-linear kernel smoother. Since the current bond yield is not known, it is predicted in a prior step. The structure imposed this way in the final estimation process helps to circumvent the curse of dimensionality and reduces bias in the estimation of excess stock returns. Our validated stock prediction results show that predicted bond returns improve stock prediction significantly.     

HUMAN FERTILITY DECISIONS AND COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES: A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT. In rural areas of developing countries, parental decisions on number of offspring may be made on the basis of the role of children in harvesting local common property renewable resources. It has been argued that this may lead to a cycle of human over‐population and resource over‐exploitation. To investigate the plausibility of this argument, we present a discrete dynamic model with two state variables representing human population level N and resource stock level S. The model is similar to one given by Nerlove and Meyer but differs in several important respects. It is assumed that, in each over‐lapping generation of parents and children, parents decide how many children to have based on their resulting share of the local resource harvest and the costs associated with child‐rearing. Using simulation and analytical methods, the long term steady state population and resource stock levels for this dynamic noncooperative game are contrasted with the steady state when parental fertility decisions are made in a cooperative manner.