RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTS On a Problem Given by D.R.Smart

In [1] Section 5.2, D.R. Smart gave a problem: Does every shrinking mappingof the closed unit ball in a Banach space have a fixed point? In this paper, we givea negative answer to this problem by constructing a counter-example. Definition Let (X,d) be a metric space and T a mapping of X into X. Wecall T a shrinking mapping if d(Tx,Tg)相似文献   

Which I.I.D. Sums are recurrently dominated by their maximal terms?

For i.i.d. sequences (X _n) we characterize lim sup _n X _n/sup₁i<n|S _i |= in terms of the distribution function. Previous results of Kesten⁽³⁾ and Wittmann⁽⁶⁾ are immediate consequences. We also determine the typical magnitude of sup₁in|S _i |.Partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-9007416     

Approximation by Szasz-Mirakjan Type Operators in L''''

M.M.Derriennic discussed the properties of Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators,M. Heilmann solved the saturation situation and the author obtained the characte-rization of their order of approximation.As extending Kantorovich polynomials inL_p[0,1]to Szász-Mirakjan-Kantorovich operators in L_p[0,∞)by V.Totik,We in-troduce a new class of Szász-Mirakjan type operators:     

On a problem proposed by H. Braß concerning the remainder term in quadrature for convex functions

Summary We prove that the error inn-point Gaussian quadrature, with respect to the standard weight functionw1, is of best possible orderO(n ^–2) for every bounded convex function. This result solves an open problem proposed by H. Braß and published in the problem section of the proceedings of the 2. Conference on Numerical Integration held in 1981 at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach (Hämmerlin 1982; Problem 2). Furthermore, we investigate this problem for positive quadrature rules and for general product quadrature. In particular, for the special class of Jacobian weight functionsw _, (x)=(1–x)(1+x), we show that the above result for Gaussian quadrature is not valid precisely ifw _, is unbounded.Dedicated to Prof. H. Braß on the occasion of his 55th birthday     

A Comment the BooK“continuous-Time Markov Chains” by W.J.Anderson

The book "Continuous-Time Markov Chains" by W. J. Anderson collects a large part of the development in the past thirty years. It is now a popular reference for the researchers on this subject or related fields. Unfortunately, due to a misunderstanding of the approximating methods, several results in the book are incorrectly stated or proved. Since the results are related to the present author's work, to whom it may be a duty to correct the mistakes in order to avoid further confusion. We emphasize the approximating methods because they are useful in many situations.     

On a conjecture by D. Ž. D̄okovic

It is shown that if $\text{A?Ω}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{?{J}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{}}$ satisfies

$\text{nkσ}{}_{\mathrm{k}}\text{(A)?(n?k+1)}{}^2\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{k?1}}\text{(A)}$

$\text{(k=1,2,…,n)}$

, where σ_k(A) denotes the sum of all kth order subpermanent of A, then Per[λJ_n+(1?λ)A] is strictly decreasing in the interval 0<λ<1.     

Interdisciplinarity in Operational Research — in the Past and in the Future: An Invitation to IFORS '84 in Washington D.C.

In anticipation of the main theme of the IFORS '84 Conference "Co-operation—The Culture for O.R. Success", the traditional concept of interdisciplinarity in operational research is discussed. Particular emphasis is put on two conditions for practising interdisciplinarity: (i) mutual appreciation between the disciplines and (ii) the systems terminology as a means for interdisciplinary communication.     

A Berry–Esseen Bound for U-Statistics in the Non-I.I.D. Case

Let X ₁,..., X _n be independent, not necessarily identically distributed random variables. An optimal Berry–Esseen bound is derived for U-statistics of order 2, that is, statistics of the form T=_1i<jn g _ij(X _i, X _j), where the g _ij are measurable functions such that |g _ij(X _i, X _j)|<. An application is given concerning Wilcoxon's rank-sum test.     

Testing heteroscedasticity by wavelets in a nonparametric regression model

In the nonparametric regression models, a homoscedastic structure is usually assumed. However, the homoscedasticity cannot be guaranteed a priori. Hence, testing the heteroscedasticity is needed. In this paper we propose a consistent nonparametric test for heteroscedasticity, based on wavelets. The empirical wavelet coefficients of the conditional variance in a regression model are defined first. Then they are shown to be asymptotically normal, based on which a test statistic for the heteroscedasticity is constructed by using Fan's wavelet thresholding idea. Simulations show that our test is superior to the traditional nonparametric test.     

Approximation by Bernstein–Durrmeyer-type operators in compact disks

In this paper, the order of simultaneous approximation and Voronovskaja-type theorems with quantitative estimate for complex Bernstein–Durrmeyer-type polynomials attached to analytic functions on compact disks are obtained. Our results show that extension of the complex Bernstein–Durrmeyer-type polynomials from real intervals to compact disks in the complex plane extends approximation properties.     

A commentary “on the periodic solutions of a forced second-order equation” by S. P. Hastings and J. B. McLeod

Summary We discuss the relationship of the shooting and perturbation methods used by Hastings and McLeod in the paper On the Periodic Solutions of a Forced Second-Order Equation to the geometrical techniques of nonlinear dynamical systems theory.     

Über Primzahlen in arithmetischen Folgen. II

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Operational Research in the U.K. in 1977: The Causes and Consequences of a Myth?

Instead of maintaining the original ideal of having a broad scientific basis for practical Operational Research, it is suggested that the O.R. community has uncritically accepted a myth which views O.R. as a "Hard" (Physical or even Mathematical) Science. It is argued that this has had profound consequences which explain the present difficulties O.R. workers have with problems involving major Social or Behavioural features. It is concluded that the "Hard" Science myth must be replaced, and a return made to the original conception of O.R., if we are to assist effectively in the complex social issues we face today.     

On Approximation by Interpolating Polynomials in C_ω~p Spaces

This note gives a counterexample which in particular shows that a mainresult of a paper in J.Math.Res.Exposition is not correct.     

Approximation by random weighting method for M-test in linear models

The M-test has been in common use and widely studied in testing the linear hypotheses in linear models. However, the critical value for the test is usually related to the quantities of the unknown error distribution and the estimate of the nuisance parameters may be rather involved, not only for the M-test method but also for the existing bootstrap methods. In this paper we suggest a random weighting resampling method for approximating the null distribution of the M-test statistic. It is shown that, under both the null and the local alternatives, the random weighting statistic has the same asymptotic distribution as the null distribution of the M-test. The critical values of the M-test can therefore be obtained by the random weighting method without estimating the nuisance parameters. A distinguished feature of the proposed method is that the approximation is valid even the null hypothesis is not true and the power evaluation is possible under the local alternatives.     

Approximation by Complex Baskakov-Szsz-Durrmeyer Operators in Compact Disks

In this paper, we deal with the complex Baskakov-Szsz-Durrmeyer mixed operators and study Voronovskaja type results with quantitative estimates for these operators attached to analytic functions of exponential growth in DR= {z ∈ C;|z| R}.Also, the exact order of approximation is found. The method used allows to construct complex Szsz-type and Baskakov-type approximation operators without involving the values on [0, ∞).     

Markov Jump Processes in Estimating Sharing of Identity by Descent

Identity by descent(IBD)sharing is a very important genomic feature in population genetics which can be used to reconstruct recent demographic history.In this paper we provide a framework to estimate IBD sharing for a demographic model called two-population model with migration.We adopt the structured coalescent theory and use a continuous-time Markov jump process{X(t),t≥0}to describe the genealogical process in such model.Then we apply Kolmogorov backward equation to calculate the distribution of coalescence time and develop a formula for estimating the IBD sharing.The simulation studies show that our method to estimate IBD sharing for this demographic model is robust and accurate.