Preparation of 5-substituted- and 3,5-disubstituted-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines

Cyclization of N-acyl-N′-(6-chloropyrid-2-yl)hydrazines ( 2a-2e ) with phosphorus oxychloride has produced several 5-chloro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines ( 3a-3e ). Nucleophilic displacement of the chlorosubstituent of 5-chloro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine ( 3a ) availed the 5-ethoxy ( 4a ) and 5-thioethoxy ( 4b ) derivatives and di(s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-5-yl)sulfide ( 8 ) while reaction of 5-ethylsulfonyl-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine ( 4d ) with potassium hydroxide yielded the 5-hydroxy/5-one system ( 4c or 6 ). Further reaction of 3a with bromine to give 3-bromo-5-chloro-s-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine ( 3g ) has provided the corresponding 3-cyano- and 3-carboxamido-5-chloro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives ( 3h and 3i ). Treatment of 6-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridine ( 1 ) with cyanogen bromide has provided 3-amino-5-chloro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine ( 3f ) which, with bromoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, transformed into 7-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]-s-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridine ( 7 ). Finally, attempts at cyclizing N-oxalyl-N′-(6-chloropyrid-2-yl)hydrazine derivatives ( 2g-2i ) with intentions of preparing various 3-acyl-5-chloro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines for entry into other 3,5-disubstituted systems were unsuccessful.     

A solution of structural ambiguity: s-Triazolo[1,5-a] – and s-triazolo[4.3-a] pyrimidines

The condensation of 3-amino-5-benzylthio-s-triazole ( 2 ) with acetylacetone in refluxing acetic acid has been reported to have given 3-benzylthio-5,7-dimethyl-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine ( 3 ). However, it has now been established, with the aid of ¹³C spectra and a modification of the original synthetic work, that only 2-benzylthio-5,7-dimethyl-s-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ( 4 ) can be obtained by this method of condensation. The erroneously reported, but previously unknown 6 was synthesized and its structure and that of 4 was firmly established by ir, uv, pmr,¹³ C nmr, tlc and mixed melting point data. The correct structures of 3-mercapto-5,7-dimethyl-s-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrimidine ( 5 ) and 2-mercapto-5,7-dimethyl-s-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ( 6 ) were also established and the facile rearrangement of 5 to 6 was demonstrated.     

Synthèse et étude physicochimique des 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridines et des 1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]pyridines

The synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a] and [2,3-a]pyridines 7, 8 was achieved by cyclization of 2-hydrazino-8-nitropyridine 3a with formic acid. The 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]pyridine 13 and 8-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]pyridine 9 were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction of triazolo pyridine 8 using stannous chloride led to the intermediate compound 10 which with acetic anhydride afforded 8-acetylamino-5-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]pyridine 10a . The structure of the derivatives was determined by ¹H-nmr (DMSO-d₆).     

New routes to the v-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine ring systems

New routes to the v-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine ring systems are described. Treatment of the N-amine salts of 2-picolinealdehyde oxime or 2-pyridyl ketone oximes with polyphosphoric acid gave v-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in fair yields. Treatment of 2-picolyl ketones or their oximes with O-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine produced directly pyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyridines. These reactions were extended to the quinoline cases.     

Heterocyclization of Acetamidrazones. I. Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines via ring closure of 6-(2-acylhydrazino)pyridine intermediates

The reaction of N¹-acyl-2-ethoxycarbonylacetamidrazones with ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate (EMCA) has been examined. The acetamidrazone 1a reacts with EMCA in boiling dimethyl sulphoxide to give the 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one 2 in excellent yield. Similarly from the amidrazones 1b-h the 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines 3b-h were obtained. When the reaction between the amidrazones and EMCA was performed in ethanolic solution, the 6-(2-acylhydrazino)-pyridines 4 were isolated. Ring closure of 4 afforded the 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines.     

New polyazaheterocycles. 9-Methyl-di-s-triazolo[4,3-a:4,3-c]pyrimidine and 9-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-c]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

9-Methyl-di-s-triazolo[4,3-a:4,3-c]pyrimidine and 9-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-c]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine have been synthetized from 4-hydrazino-7-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine. Structural assignments based on nmr, ir and chemical manipulations are discussed.     

A new synthesis of thes-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine ring system

Summary A novel and efficient synthesis ofs-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines was elaborated by reacting 1,2-diaminopyridinium salts with aldehydes.Dedicated to Prof.F. Sauter on the occasion of his 65^th birthday     

Synthesis of (pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines

Methods for the synthesis of (pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines were developed. The principal route to the required intermediate 2-chloropyridines was based on rearrangements of mono N-oxides of 2,2′-bipyridine, 2,3′-bipyridine, 3,3′-bipyridine, 2,4′-bipyridine and 4,4′-bipyridine with phosphorus oxychloride. Reaction of 3,3′-bipyridine 1-oxide or 2,2′-bipyridine 1-oxide with phosphorus oxychloride gave mixtures of chloro isomers. Reaction with acetic anhydride, 3,3′-bipyridine 1-oxide and 2,2′-bipyridine 1-oxide gave exclusively [3,3′-bipyridine]-2(1H)-one and [2,2′-bipyridine]-6(1H)-one, respectively. 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines with pyridinyl groups at the 5,6,7 and 8 positions were synthesized.     

3-Substituted 2-trifluoromethylimidazo [1,2-a] pyridines

3-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were obtained by reactions of hexafluoroacetone 2-pyridylimines with trimethyl phosphite and studied in reactions with sodium methoxide. This gave the corresponding 3-methoxy-2-trifluoromethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.     

3-Substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines

Cyclization of amides of 2-aminomethylpyridine gave imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. In several examples the literature preparation (phosphorus oxychloride) gave extensive tar formation. The use of phosphorus trichloride-triethylamine (?20°) gave the desired imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.     

1,2,4-Triazoles. XX. Pyrolytic decomposition of ketone hydrazones derived from pyrid-2-ylhydrazine and related bases. Some further examples of the s-triazolo[4, 3-α]pyrazine and s-triazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline series

Pyrolytic decomposition of ketone 2-heterylhydrazones has been shown to be unsatisfactory for the preparation of fused s-triazole derivatives. The introduction of more diversified substituents into the s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazine and s-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline systems has been accomplished and some reactions and spectral characteristics of these ring systems are reported. Isomerization of the s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazine system to the s-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine system is described.     

The mass spectra of some 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridines

We report here the mass spectral fragmentations of some derivatives of a new heterocyclic system 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridine. These compounds combine structural features of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, but follow fragmentation pathways similar to the former.     

Triazoles and Fused Triazoles II: Synthesis of Certain Substituted s-Triazoles,s-Triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles and s-Triazolo [3,4-b]-1, 3,4-Thiadiazines

The synthesis of a certain series of s-triazoles and fused s-triazoles namely: 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-arylideneamino-5-mercapto-s-triazoles 3.8 , 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-substituted-s-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 11-17 , 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-substituted thio-s-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 19, 20 and 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-substituted-7H-s-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazines 21, 22 , is described.     

1,2,4-Triazoles—XXXI: Photodimerization of s-triazoleo[4,3-a]pyridines: formation of cyclobutane dimers

Irradiation of several methyl substituted s-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridines and 3-hydroxy-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines with UV light gave thermally labile cyclobutane photodimers by dimerization of the 5,6-double bond in one molecule with the 7,8-double bond in another.     

Transformations of the pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine ring system into imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines,imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 2-oxa-6a, 10c-diazaaceanthrylenes

Transformations of methyl 3-dimethylamino-2-(1-methoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)acrylate with some cyanomethylenecarbonyl group containing compounds or cyanamide into imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines, irmdazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 2-oxa-6a, 10c-diazaaceanthrylenes are described.     

12. Anil-Synthese. 17. Mitteilung. Über die Herstellung von styryl-derivaten des 2-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyridins

Preparation of styryl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyridine 7-Methyl-2-phenyl- and 2-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-pyridines react with anils of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of dimethyl-formamide and potassium hydroxide at 20–45° to yield the 2-phenyl-7-styryl- and 2-(2-chloro-stilben-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyridines respectively (‘Anil Synthesis’). Further, the Schiff's bases derived from o-chloroaniline and 2-(p-formyl-phenyl)- and 7-formyl-2-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyridine yield, with methyl- and with p-tolyl-substituted heterocycles, the corresponding heterocyclic substituted styryl and stilbenyl derivatives.     

Synthesis of 5-Phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines

Syntheses are reported for a series of 2-alkylamino-6-phenyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridines. The reaction of 3-cyano-2-(hydroxyalkylamino)-6-phenyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridines with thionyl chloride gave the corresponding 2-(chloroalkylamino)pyridines, 8-cyano-5-phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, and 9-cyano-6-phenyl-8-trifluoromethyl-2,3,4-trihydropyrido[1,2-a]-pyrimidines. X-ray diffraction structural analysis was used to study 8-cyano-5-phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.     

Synthesis of 3- and 4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-s-triazolo[2,3-a] pyrimid-7-one,isomers of inosine containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom

The first synthesis of a purine nucleoside analog containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom is here reported. The direct glycosylation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of s-triazolo[2,3-a] pyrimid-7-one has been shown to give 3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-s-triazolo[2,3-a]pyrimid-7-one (V) and 4-(β-D-ribof'uranosyl)-s-lriazolo[2,3-α]pyrimid-7-one (VII). The nueleoside V may he considered a close analog of inosine in which the nitrogen N₁ and C₅ of inosine have been interchanged. Bro-minalion of the tri-O-acelyl derivative IV gave, after deblocking, 6-bromo-3-(β-D-ribofurnaosyl)-s-triazolo[2,3-a] pyrimid-7-one (IX). Structural assignments of the nucleosides were made on the basis of comparison of the ultraviolet absorption spectral characteristics with 3-methyl-s-triazolo-[2,3-a]pyrimid-7-one (XI) and 4-methyl-s-lriazolo[2,3-a Jpyrimid-7-one (XII) prepared by a standard procedure from 7-methoxy-s-triazolo(2,3-a] pyrimidine (X).     

The photo cycloaddition of alkenes to s-triazolo[4,3-b] and [2,3-b]pyridazines

s-Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (I) reacted with cyclohexene under the influence of ultraviolet light to yield 4a,5,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-9-methylene-6H-s-triazolo[1,5-a]indole (IV) and 9-cyanomethyl-4a,5,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-6H-s-triazolo[1,5-a]indole (V). These products were formed by the addition of the alkene to the 1,8 positions of I with a concurrent cleavage of the N₄? N₅ bond. Similar additions were observed with cyclopentene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. The isomeric s-triazolo[2,3-b]pyridazine (III) reacted with cyclohexene to form an isomer of IV, 4a,5,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-9-methylene-6H-s-triazolo[4,3-a]indole (XV) and two [2 + 2] cycloadducts (XVI and XVII).     

Pyridine N-sulfides. Benzisothiazolo[2,3-a]pyridinium tetrafluoroborates and benzothiopheno[3,2-b]pyridines. Novel heterocyclic systems

2-(2-Mercaptophenyl)pyridines are prepared from the corresponding phenols and oxidized with N-chloro-succinimide and silver tetrafluoroborate to benzisothiazolo[2,3-a]pyridine salts ( 4 ). The latter do not rearrange thermally or photochemically to benzothiopheno[3,2-b)pyridines ( 19 ) and are attacked by nucleophiles at sulfur rather than in the pyridine ring, to give the original 2-(2-mercaptophenyl)pyridine back in a reaction involving a dismutation. 19 is prepared by rearranging O-[2-(3-bromo-2-pyridyl)-4-nitrophenyl]dimethylthio-carbamate to the S-aryl compound and heating the latter with strong base.