X射线荧光光谱法测定硅砂中杂质元素

在X射线荧光光谱法测定硅砂中杂质成分含量中对试样熔融所用的熔剂作了改进.在常用的四硼酸锂及硼酸锂所组成的复合熔剂中再加入氧化钙组成三元复合熔剂,加入的氧化钙与原两元复合熔剂两者之间以3与7的质量比混合.采用此改进的复合熔剂熔融试样,克服了在试样的玻璃状熔块中夹杂了不溶性二氧化硅颗粒的现象,即所谓"晶斑"现象,使试样达到完全分解.按此法,测得4项杂质组分(Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO及TiO2)的含量与化学法测得结果相符.     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定地质样品中的主次成分

以Li2B4O7,Li BO2和Li F(质量比为45:10:5)为混合熔剂,NH4NO3为氧化剂,Li Br为脱模剂,熔融制作样片,利用岛津1800型X射线荧光光谱分析仪,对土壤、水系沉积物、硅酸盐、白云岩等标准物质拟合校准曲线,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)同时测定岩石、土壤样品中主次量组分(Si O2,Al2O3,TFe2O3,Mg O,Ca O,K2O,Na2O,M n O,Ti O2,P2O5,Zn O)的快速分析方法。对样品制备以及分析测试过程中的条件(熔剂稀释比例、熔融温度及时间、测定电压电流以及脉冲高度分析)进行了优化,在优化的条件下,对GBW07105,GBW07401进行重复测定,相对标准偏差RSD2%,相对误差RE5%。同时对超基性岩、硅酸盐、沉积物、土壤等国家标准样品进行分析,结果与标准参考值有良好的一致性。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光测定锰矿中10种主次成分的条件优化

选用Li_2B_4O_7、LiBO_2和LiF(质量比为45∶10∶5)为混合熔剂,NH_4NO_3为氧化剂,LiBr为脱模剂,熔融制作样片,利用岛津1800型X射线荧光光谱分析仪对GBW07261~GBW07266等锰矿标准物质拟合校准曲线,建立了X射线荧光同时测定锰矿中10种主次量组分(SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe、MgO、CaO、K_2O、Mn、TiO_2、P、Zn)的快速分析方法.对样品制备以及分析测试过程中的条件(熔剂稀释比例、熔融温度及时间、测定电压电流以及PHA等)进行了优化,在优化条件下,对GBW07263、GBW07265进行重复测定,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)低于2%.同时对锰矿标准样品及合成锰矿样品进行分析,结果与参考值一致.     

金刚石晶形显露的化学控制

采用热丝化学气相沉积法（HPCV），研究了N2、O2对金刚石晶形显露的影响。发现微量的氮气的加入（[N2]／[CH4]＜1％）有利于金刚石（100）晶面的显露，且不会降低金刚石晶形的完整性；微量氧的加入有利于金刚石（111）面显露．采用氧辅助控制金刚石膜（111）织构生长，可以使X射线（111）峰摇摆曲线的半宽降到6．2°．氮或氧的加入扩大了织构生长金刚石（100）或（111）膜的基片温度范围．     

磷脂中胆碱(PC)、乙醇胺(PE)和水(H2O)三相相图的研究

利用X射线衍射测定了磷脂中胆碱（PC），乙醇胺（PE）和H2O不同含量时的X射线衍射峰，初步绘制出了三相相图的轮廓，为三磷脂中相相图的进一步研究和从磷脂的混合体系中分离出纯的胆碱奠定了基础。     

基于EDXRF的铁精矿品位、水分在线分析系统的应用

采用基于能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）的铁精矿品位、水分在线分析系统在攀钢矿业公司选矿厂对Fe、H2O进行实时分析。结果表明，该分析系统满足对铁精矿中Fe及H2O的分析要求。     

纳米氧化铪的制备与热膨胀性

制备了尺寸为4 nm的HfO2纳米颗粒,并借助X射线原子对分布函数方法,研究了尺寸约4 nm和体相HfO2颗粒的晶格热膨胀。结果表明,在纳米尺度的HfO2中,晶格沿a,c轴的热膨胀性增大,b轴热膨胀性稍微减小,体积热膨胀性增大。同时纳米HfO2晶格热膨胀的各向异性比体相大。该现象是由于尺寸效应导致结构畸变变大,尤其是次近邻Hf-O-Hf键角减小,随后升温过程中该畸变发生热弛豫趋向恢复至平衡位置导致的。     

铌酸盐 Ba3 NaBiNb10 O30的 X射线衍射与光电子能谱分析

在BaO-Na2O-Bi2O3-Nb2O5四元系统中,用固相反应法合成了钨青铜矿型结构铌酸盐Ba3NaBiNb10O30;对样品进行了X射线衍射（XRD）与X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析,获得了铌酸盐Ba3NaBiNb10O30的特征X射线衍射数据,确定了其中Nb元素的价态与结合能数据。     

阳极电沉积条件对Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4复合电极组成、形貌和结构的影响

本文在涂有中间层SnO2-Sb2O5的Ti基体上,采用阳极复合电沉积法制备了Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4复合电极材料,借助于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析方法研究了制备条件对该复合电极材料的组成、结构和形貌的影响。结果表明,纳米Co3O4的掺杂可提高PbO2电极表面的粗糙度和空隙率;沉积电位、镀液中Co3O4粒子浓度及有机溶剂的添加均对镀层中Co3O4的嵌入量有很大影响。     

X射线荧光光谱法分析镁砂的主次成分

采用镁砂标准样品作为校准样品,建立了熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定镁砂中MgO,Al2O3,SiO2,CaO,P2O5,Fe2O3的方法。采用熔融法为样品片和校准片的制备方法,选择四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂（67＋33）为助熔剂,1.00mL LiBr溶液为脱模剂,熔融温度为1 100℃,熔融时间20min。对镁砂样品测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3%,对不同镁砂标准样品进行测定,方法的测定结果与认证值相吻合。     

Ceramic encapsulated latex composites

This work reports the encapsulation of latex particles in Al2O3-polystyrene (PS) composite films. These films were prepared from PS particles in Al2O3 dispersion at room temperature in various latex contents. Composite films were annealed at elevated temperatures in 10 min time interval above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene. Transmitted photon intensities, I(tr) were monitored after each annealing step. AFM micrographs were also used to observe the physical changes of the composite films during annealing. It was observed that latex particles are encapsulated above a critical Al2O3 content of 33 wt% which corresponds to the critical occupation probability of p(c) = 0.33 at which the film obey the site-percolation model with a critical exponent of 0.45. Below p(c), it was seen that complete latex film formation process took place, where transparency of the film was increased by annealing.     

重视陶瓷食具容器铅浸出量的问题

陶瓷食具是盛放食物的容器，与人体健康休戚相关。但在陶瓷坯表面上有一层极薄的釉，制釉原料中含有铅的化合物，若在陶瓷餐具中放置果汁，醋等酸性食物，游离铅便会溶入食物中进入体内。     

Ceramic films for optical applications

Recent progress is reviewed on the wet chemical synthesis of films for optical applications. Specific attention is directed to planar waveguides and to electrooptic, non-linear optical and electrochromic films, including recent results obtained in our laboratories.     

Electroviscous Effects in Ceramic Nanofiltration Membranes

Membrane permeability and salt rejection of a γ‐alumina nanofiltration membrane were studied and modeled for different salt solutions. Salt rejection was predicted by using the Donnan‐steric pore model, in which the extended Nernst–Planck equation was applied to predict ion transport through the pores. The solvent flux was modeled by using the Hagen–Poiseuille equation by introducing electroviscosity instead of bulk viscosity. γ‐Alumina particles were used for ζ‐potential measurements. The ζ‐potential measurements show that monovalent ions did not adsorb on the γ‐alumina surface, whereas divalent ions were highly adsorbed. Thus, for divalent ions, the model was modified, owing to pore shrinkage caused by ion adsorption. The ζ‐potential lowered the membrane permeability, especially for membranes with a pore radius lower than 3 nm, a ζ‐potential higher than 20 mV, and an ionic strength lower than 0.01 m . The rejection model showed that, for a pore radius lower than 3 nm and for solutions with ionic strengths lower than 0.01 m , there is an optimum ζ‐potential for rejection, because of the concurrent effects of electromigration and convection. Hence, the model can be used as a prediction tool to optimize membrane perm‐selectivity by designing a specific pore size and surface charge for application at specific ionic strengths and pH levels.     

陶瓷化耐火硅橡胶的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外有关陶瓷化耐火硅橡胶的研究进展,介绍了云母粉、碳酸钙、高岭土和纤维类等成瓷填料和低熔点玻璃粉、低熔点氧化物、聚磷酸铵等助熔剂对陶瓷化耐火硅橡胶性能的影响,在此基础上指出了今后陶瓷化耐火硅橡胶研究方向。     

All-Inorganic Single-Ion Magnets in Ceramic Matrices

All-inorganic single-ion magnets representing paramagnetic ions incorporated in a crystalline diamagnetic matrix are reviewed. Key results and advantages of this approach in comparison with the common strategy based on molecular metal–organic complexes are considered, and some unsolved problems and future perspectives are discussed.     

结构陶瓷复合材料的现状和发展趋势

本文简要叙述了结构陶瓷高温下强度及硬度高、蠕变小、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、耐磨损等优越性能,同时指出了陶瓷应用于承载结构的致命弱点,即陶瓷的脆性。较详细地综述了克服陶瓷脆性的主要技术方向--开发第二相粒子、纤维(晶须)补强增韧的微米陶瓷复合材料及纳米陶瓷复合材料,并分析了纳米陶瓷的发展前景。