基于超材料的微波双波段吸收器

基于闭合双环单元结构, 设计、仿真、测试了对偏振无依赖性的双波段超材料吸收器. 实验结果表明, 该设计在频率4.06 GHz和6.66 GHz存在两个显著吸收峰, 吸收率分别为99.60%和95.83%, 并且在入射角达到50°时, 吸收率仍然保持在83%以上. 由于单元结构具有旋转对称性, 使得该吸收器对偏振不敏感, 能同时实现横电波和横磁波的双波段吸收. 吸收频率决定于闭合环大小, 调节闭合环尺寸能够灵活实现特定频率的吸收. 这些优点使我们的设计在多频谱成像、热辐射探测等应用中表现出较大的潜力.     

一种宽频带超材料吸波体的设计及其特性

为了获得吸收率高、吸波带宽宽的超材料,设计了一种谐振超材料吸波体.该吸波体由多个开口圆环组成,采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009频域求解器计算了其在25~35 GHz波段内的S参量,并计算了其吸波率A(ω),在28.4 GHz处吸收率达到86%,带宽达到3.5 GHz.利用不同吸波频段的叠加效应,设计了一种谐振超材料吸波组合体,计算了在25~35 GHz波段的S参量,在29.7 GHz处吸波率达99.9%,吸波带宽达到3.1 GHz,吸收率明显增加.将GHz波段的结构缩小1 000倍,在THz波段同样可以达到高吸收,说明超材料吸波体可以通过对结构尺寸调节改变吸收波段.同时,对其阵列进行仿真计算,发现不同的排列方式仿真结果不同.由于各个谐振环之间的相互作用对吸收效果影响较大,吸收率减小.该吸波材料由金属组成,能灵活地对介电常量和磁导率进行调节,从而实现高吸收.     

极化控制的双波段宽带红外吸收器研究

红外吸收器在红外隐身、辐射制冷、红外探测、传感器等方面有重要的应用前景.一维光栅型吸收器由于其结构简单、易于加工的优势备受关注,然而其不足之处是频带很窄,且只对一种极化有效.本文提出了一种基于简单一维周期结构的双波段宽带吸收器,对横磁波和横电波都有效,且吸波频段随入射波的极化方式而改变.该结构的基本单元由八个梯度排列的子单元构成,每个子单元由两层金属-介质双层膜垂直层叠组成.全波仿真结果表明,在1.68—2μm波段,该结构对横磁波吸收超过90%,而对横电波吸收很小(小于6%);在3.8-3.9μm波段,该结构对横电波吸收超过90%,而对横磁波吸收很小(小于5%).另外,该结构具有宽角度吸收特性,当入射角增大到60°时仍然能够保持较高的吸收率和较宽的吸收频带.     

准全向平板超材料吸波体的设计

本文设计了一种具有准全向吸波特性的平板超材料吸波体,其准全向吸波特性是由超材料吸波单元的双面吸波、极化不敏感和宽入射角实现的.理论分析和仿真结果表明:该吸波体在6.18 GHz的确有一个双面吸波的吸收点,且吸收率对极化角和入射角均不敏感.提取的等效阻抗表明可以调节超材料的电磁响应使其在吸收频率处与自由空间阻抗匹配来抑制反射.仿真的能量损耗分布表明:该吸波体对电磁波的吸收主要源于基板的介质损耗;采用两种不同介质基板的设计可使前吸波体与后吸波体的耦合度明显降低、抑制耦合所导致的传输.该吸波体可能在许多领域具有 关键词： 准全向吸波 双面吸波 极化不敏感 宽入射角     

Magnetic medium broadband metamaterial absorber based on the coupling resonance mechanism

In this paper, we present a design, simulation and experimental measurement of a metamaterial absorber (MMA) in the microwave regime. The proposed MMA structure consists of periodic cross electric resonators separated from the ground metal plane using a magnetic composite layer. The broadband absorption can be ascribed to the periodic cross electric resonators. The anti-parallel currents are observed at the peak frequency on the surface of the MMA and the ground metal plane, respectively, and thus the coupled resonance magnetic field occurs in the magnetic medium resulting in the magnetic loss. The new absorption peak located at 2.8 GHz broadens the whole absorption spectrum. The frequency of this peck is lower than that of the cross resonator of 3.7 GHz, suggesting the distinguish resonance mechanism: the absorbing properties are ascribed to the phase cancellation, Ohmic loss, dielectric loss at the end of the cross pattern, and the magnetic loss caused by the above mentioned coupled magnetic field. The obvious absorption peak at 2.8 GHz is also observed experimentally verifying the simulation result. All these results indicate the proposed MMA structure is promising for microwave absorbing application.     

Photoexcited Blueshift and Redshift Switchable Metamaterial Absorber at Terahertz Frequencies

We propose a design and numerical study of an optically blueshift and redshift switchable metamaterial(MM)absorber in the terahertz regime. The MM absorber comprises a periodic array of metallic split-ring resonators(SRRs) with semiconductor silicon embedded in the gaps of MM resonators. The absorptive frequencies of the MM can be shifted by applying an external pump power. The simulation results show that, for photoconductivity of silicon ranging between 1 S/m and 4000 S/m, the resonance peak of the absorption spectra shifts to higher frequencies, from 0.67 THz to 1.63 THz, with a resonance tuning range of 59%. As the conductivity of silicon increases, the resonance frequencies of the MM absorber are continuously tuned from 1.60 THz to 1.16 THz, a redshift tuning range of 28%. As the conductivity increases above 30000 S/m, the resonance frequencies tend to be stable while the absorption peak has a merely tiny variation. The optical-tuned absorber has potential applications as a terahertz modulator or switch.     

超材料谐振子间的电耦合谐振理论与实验研究

通过将两个金属开口环谐振器口对口地放置, 实现了超材料谐振子间的电耦合谐振. 对电耦合谐振的微波等效电路进行了理论分析和数值计算, 结果表明耦合后的超材料谐振子能产生两个谐振频率, 其中一个随耦合强度的增加逐渐向低频方向移动, 而另一个固定在单谐振子的谐振频率处不变. 微波透射谱的实验测试和电磁仿真结果表明, 两个谐振峰随耦合强度的增加分别向低频和高频方向移动. 分析表明: 低频谐振峰的位置主要是由超材料谐振子间的电耦合强度决定的; 高频谐振偏离单谐振子的谐振频率主要是由不可避免的磁耦合引起的, 而且在耦合间距越小时磁耦合影响越大. 提出的基于超材料谐振子间的电磁耦合实现的双频谐振及其可调性极大地增加了超材料的设计与应用空间.     

双层螺旋环超表面复合吸波体等效电路模型及微波损耗机制

针对超材料吸波频带窄的问题,采用金属螺旋环超表面与碳纤维吸波材料相复合的方式,设计了宽频高性能复合吸波体.研究发现,在碳纤维吸波材料中引入双层螺旋环超表面能显著增强吸收峰值和吸波带宽,且适当增加螺旋环初始线长和吸收层厚度有利于提高复合吸波体的吸波性能, 9.2—18.0 GHz频段的反射损耗均优于–10 dB (带宽达8.8 GHz),吸收峰值达–14.4 dB.利用S参数计算得到螺旋环-碳纤维复合吸波体的等效电磁参数和特征阻抗呈现多频点谐振特性,通过构建双层螺旋环超表面等效电路模型,定量计算了复合吸波体的电磁谐振频点,发现由等效电路模型获得的谐振频点计算值与仿真值基本相符,说明该复合吸波体多频点电磁谐振是宽频电磁损耗的主要机制.     

A numerical study of double-leaf microperforated panel absorbers

Microperforated panel (MPP) absorbers are promising as a basis for the next-generation of sound absorbing materials. Typically, they are backed by an air-cavity in front of a rigid wall such as a ceiling or another interior surface of a room. Indeed, to be effective, MPP absorbers require the Helmholtz-type resonance formed with the backing cavity. Towards the creation of an efficient sound-absorbing structure with MPPs alone, the acoustical properties of a structure composed of two parallel MPPs with an air-cavity between them and no rigid backing is studied numerically. In this double-leaf MPP (DLMPP) structure, the rear leaf (i.e., the MPP remote from the incident sound) plays the role of the backing wall in the conventional setting and causes resonance-type absorption. Moreover, since a DLMPP can work efficiently as an absorber for sound incidence from both sides, it can be used efficiently as a space absorber, e.g., as a suspended absorber or as a sound absorbing panel. The sound absorption characteristics of the double-leaf MPP are analysed theoretically for a normally incident plane wave. The effects of various control parameters are discussed through a numerical parametric study. The absorption mechanisms and a possible design principle are discussed also. It is predicted that: (1) that a resonance absorption, similar to that in conventional type MPP absorbers, appears at medium-to-high frequencies and (2) that considerable “additional” absorption can be obtained at low frequencies. This low-frequency absorption is similar to that of a double-leaf permeable membrane and can be an advantage compared with the conventional type of MPP arrangement.     

基于等效介质原理的宽角超材料吸波体的理论分析

目前,很少有文章就如何实现宽角度吸波材料进行详细的理论分析和设计指导,设计宽角度吸波材料仍然是一件很困难的事情.本文基于等效介质理论对带有反射地板的单层介质超材料吸波体进行较为详细的理论分析.从基础电磁理论出发,推导TE波(横电波,电场方向与入射面垂直的平面电磁波)和TM波(横磁波,磁场方向与入射面垂直的平面电磁波)照射下吸波体的反射系数,分析实现宽角度吸波效果所需的等效电磁参数,为宽角度超材料吸波体的设计提供了理论基础.此外,论文还理论分析了实现宽带宽角吸波等效电磁参数所要满足的条件,并做了计算检验.结果表明,当介质等效电磁参数按照特殊曲线随频率发生变化时,理论上能实现宽带宽角的吸波效果.     

A monopole-dipole resonance absorber in a narrow waveguide

A sound absorber in a narrow waveguide is considered. The absorber consists of one monopole and one dipole resonator placed in a narrow pipe. The optimum parameters of the resonators that provide for the maximum absorption of acoustic power are determined. Results of an experimental study of a two-resonator absorbing system are presented. A 95% absorption is achieved.     

耦合声阻抗在扩散吸声体设计中的应用研究

为解决小房间的音质设计问题,需要设计不同的扩散吸声体。利用共振吸声的边缘效应,通过不同共振频率的共振器耦合共振时的非线性声阻抗变化组合,形成既能高效吸声,又能均匀散射的声学界面。数值分析及实验结果表明,新型的扩散吸声体内部没有任何传统吸声材料的情况下,单位面积吸声量在中低频段可达1.3 m2,在高频段由于非线性声阻抗与共振器的辐射阻抗不匹配影响,相应吸声量降低到0.7 m2左右。耦合声阻抗的运用使得新型扩散吸声体吸声的效率高,频带宽,免去传统吸声材料的使用,在小房间的声学应用中具有突出的优势。     

基于电阻膜与分形频率选择表面的超薄宽频带超材料吸波体的设计

设计了一种基于一阶Minkowski分形双方环(Minkowski fractal double square loop, MFDSL)电谐振器结构与电阻膜复合的超薄、 宽频带、极化不敏感和宽入射角的超材料吸波体. 该吸波体的基本结构单元由MFDSL电谐振器结构、方块电阻膜、电介质基板和金属背板组成. 采用时域有限差分算法对这种复合结构吸波体的电磁波吸收特性进行数值模拟分析. 模拟得到的反射率和吸收率表明: 该吸波体在7.5-42 GHz之间对入射电磁波具有大于90%以上的强吸收特性. 模拟得到的不同极化角和不同入射角下的吸收率表明: 该吸波体具有极化不敏感和宽入射角特性. 进一步的数值模拟结果表明, 该复合结构吸波体对电磁波的吸收主要是基于电磁谐振和电路谐振机制, 通过方块电阻的设计可以实现工作频率范围的调节. 关键词： 电阻膜 分形频率选择表面 宽频带吸收     

宽带透射吸收极化无关超材料吸波体

提出了一种新的基于磁性吸波体材料的具有低频透射和高频宽带吸收特性的超材料吸波体.该超材料吸波体在1 GHz的透射系数为-0.5 dB,具有较好的低频透射特性,可以实现对低频信号的相互通信;在频率大于8.4 GHz的频段,吸收率均大于80%,基本覆盖整个X波段和Ku波段,实现高频宽带吸收.此外,由于该超材料吸波体的单元金属周期结构具有较好的四重旋转对称性,因而是极化无关的.该透射吸收超材料吸波体设计简单,实用性强,具有较强的潜在应用价值.     

超薄柔性透射型超构材料吸收器

设计并加工了一种超薄柔性透射型吸收器,总体厚度为0.288 mm,可实现柔性弯曲,容易做到与曲面目标共形.该吸收器由三层结构组成,底层是金属光栅,中间为介质层,表面单元由两条平行放置的尺寸不同的金属线组成.仿真和实验结果表明,对横电波在5和7 GHz的吸收分别达到97.5%和96.0%,对横磁波在3.0—6.5 GHz都能保持90%以上的透射率.两个吸收频点可分别独立调节,增加了设计的灵活性.另外,当入射角增大到60°时,该吸收器的性能基本不受影响,表现出良好的广角特性.     

基于宽带吸波体的微带天线雷达散射截面缩减设计

利用加载集总电阻的方式设计出一种极化稳定且宽入射角的宽带超材料吸波体(wide-band metamaterial absorber, WBMA), 在平面波垂直入射时, 其吸波半波功率带宽达12.7 GHz, 吸波率大于90%的带宽达10.42 GHz, 峰值吸波率达99.9%. 将其与微带天线共基板共接地板的方式加载, 制备出WBMA微带天线, 实现了天线宽频域内雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)大幅缩减. 仿真与实测结果表明: 将WBMA加载于微带天线后, 天线的前向增益提高了0.53 dB, 整体辐射特性基本保持不变; 在不同极化波下, 天线的工作频带带内和带外等宽频域(6.95-17.91 GHz)内的单站RCS缩减大于3 dB以上, 最大缩减值达21.2 dB; 在天线的中心频点8 GHz处± 48°的宽角域内, 双站RCS缩减效果明显, 很好地实现了天线的宽频域大角度的隐身设计.     

含螺旋单元频率选择表面的宽频带强吸收复合吸波体

设计和制备了含螺旋单元频率选择表面吸波片的三层复合吸波体,上层和下层均为磁性吸波片,中间层为带缺口的螺旋单元频率选择表面.复合吸波体在总厚度分别为1.4,1.7和2.0 mm时,其反射率在-10d B以下的频带宽度分别达到了9.29,6.69和7.11 GHz,与不含有频率选择表面的吸波体相比较(其他参数相同),-10d B以下反射率带宽分别提高了159.5%,69.3%和129.4%,复合吸波体在总厚度低于吸波体时,也取得了更好的反射效果.带缺口圆螺旋单元的频率选择表面嵌入吸波体中,引入了额外的吸收频带,拓宽了吸波体的反射率频带宽度.仿真分析表明嵌入频率选择表面能够改善吸波体的阻抗匹配性,进而影响其反射率.     

Design of metaporous supercells by genetic algorithm for absorption optimization on a wide frequency band

The optimization of acoustic absorption by metaporous materials made of complex unit cells with 2D resonant inclusions is realized using genetic algorithm. A nearly total absorption over a wide frequency band can be obtained for thin structures, even for frequencies below the quarter wavelength resonances i.e., in a sub-wavelength regime. The high absorption performances of this material are due to the interplay of usual visco-thermal losses, local resonances and trapped modes. The density of resonant and trapped modes in this dissipative porous layer, is a key parameter for broadband absorption. The best configurations and critical coupling conditions are found by genetic algorithm optimization. Several types of resonators are included gradually in the studied configurations (split-rings, Helmholtz resonators, back cavities) with increasing complexity. The optimization leads to a metaporous structure with a 2-cm sub-wavelength layer thickness, exhibiting a nearly total absorption between 1800 Hz and 7000 Hz. The influence of the incidence angle on the absorption properties is also shown.     

一种基于3D打印技术的结构型宽频吸波超材料

设计了一种三层宽频吸波超材料,其表层和中间层为单元尺寸不同的周期阵列结构,底层为吸波平板结构,优化后的总厚度仅为4.7 mm,并采用三维(3D)打印技术成功制备了该吸波超材料.吸波体反射率测试结果表明,在电磁波垂直入射条件下,宽频吸收峰分别出现在5.3和14.1 GHz,两峰叠加使得其在4-18 GHz频率范围内反射损耗均小于-10 dB.采用S参数反演法计算了每一层的等效电磁参数,并利用多层结构反射率公式推导得出该模型的理论反射率,理论计算结果与实测结果基本一致.通过研究能量损耗、电场分布和磁场分布揭示了吸波机理,分析表明该吸波体的宽频吸收效果源于三层结构产生的吸收带宽叠加.本文提出的吸波超材料具有良好的宽频吸收效果,尤其在低频范围吸波性能较佳,结合3D打印快速成型技术,可获得结构精细的三层吸波超材料,具有重要的实际应用价值和广阔的应用前景.     

对称折叠通道结构的低频通风吸声体*

为了消除或减少低频噪声,该文 提出了一种低频通风超材料吸声体,该吸声体由对称的折叠通道结构组成,具有深度亚波长、高通风空间占比和低频高效吸声的特性.通过传递矩阵方法、有限元模拟和四麦克风实验法,揭示了对称折叠通道结构通风吸声的物理机制.首先在理论上分析单个吸声体的通风吸声性能并进行了仿真模拟,在共振频率423 Hz附近,吸声系数大于0.9,通风空间占比高达40%.吸声单体的共振频率可通过改变折叠通道的长度来灵活调控,组合多个不同共振频率的吸声单体可以拓宽吸声体的有效吸声带宽.由四个吸声单体组合的通风吸声体可实现314－366 Hz频率范围内的高效声吸收(吸声系数大于0.8),且通风空间占比达到35%,而结构厚度仅为314 Hz时波长的1/10.该低频通风吸声体具有结构简单、结构强度高和容易制造等特点,在低频通风降噪领域有着潜在的应用前景．