中国污染物排放强度及其收敛性的区域差异研究

本文运用回归和收敛模型对全国,东部,中部,西部污染物排放强度的差异和收敛性进行了实证分析.研究结果表明:我国各地区的污染物排放强度在不同程度上都有所下降,其中以东部下降幅度最大,西部次之,中部最小;经济增长对污染物排放强度的降低起到积极作用,第二产业占GDP比重对污染物排放强度起到正相关作用;全国,东部,中部,和西部地区都不存在绝对β收敛现象,但均存在条件收敛,且中部收敛速度最快,东部收敛速度最慢.     

中国农业增长与污染排放的EKC曲线检验:以农药投入为例

农业污染空间分布广、分散排放、难以监测的特点使得农业污染治理与防范成为各国政府亟待解决的课题。本文以农药投入作为农业污染排放的主要指标,采用空间面板模型考察中国农业环境的库茨涅茨(EKC)曲线特征及空间效应。研究发现:中国农业环境库茨涅茨曲线在中国基本得到支持,但不同区域的库茨涅茨曲线转折点和所处阶段各异。中西部的拐点值要高于东部地区,东部地区已经逼近拐点值,有可能是最早步入农业污染排放由升到降阶段的地区。农业环境空间溢出效应明显,由于地区之间的污染倾销和政府间环境政策"邻里仿效"使得我国农业污染排放呈现空间集聚特征。农业环境的空间溢出效应明显,溢出强度随地理距离的增加而衰减,且不同区域农业环境溢出的地理边界存在差异。构建环境友好型农业技术与推广体系,缩小城乡收入差距、提高财政支农效率及加强区域农业环境合作等方面对于改善我国农业环境质量具有重要作用。     

嵌套技术扩散模型估计与落后地区的技术追赶

技术差距带来的技术扩散效应决定了区域间可能存在着技术收敛.在限制指数模型中,所有国家和地区将获得相同的技术进步率,在逻辑斯蒂模型中,人力资本水平成为制约技术收敛的条件.将Benhabib和Speigel(2005)的跨国技术收敛的实证研究工作推广到国内地区研究之中,分析了中国30个省区1990-2008年技术进步率的影响因素及收敛情况.实证研究结果表明,中国30个省区的技术进步率趋异.人力资本是促进地区自主创新和技术扩散的积极因素.     

中国地区能源强度收敛性研究

基于1985-2010年中国29个地区的面板数据,对能源强度的收敛性进行了分析.在研究方法上,除了考察常见的β收敛和σ收敛外,还引入排名一致性系数对γ收敛进行了检验.研究结果表明,中国地区能源强度存在显著的β收敛和γ收敛;对于σ收敛,在采用变异系数法进行检验时,并未反映出显著的σ收敛特征,但采用核密度估计则较好的验证了我国地区能源强度的σ收敛性.     

能源强度影响因素及时空收敛异质性的再测度研究

为气候变化和节能减排目标的实现,降低能源强度是最有效的路径之一。在文献研究基础上,析出24个能源强度的影响因素作为备选变量,运用OLS-VIF-LASSO方法,最终确定经济增长、总人口数、能源价格、人均邮电业务和铁路运营里程5个根本性影响因素;进而基于1990-2018年省际面板数据研究发现,时间上,能源强度表现为明显的“N”型绝对β收敛,有从收敛到扩散的风险;空间上,三个区域的统计显著条件β收敛呈现出中部、西部和东部地区递次减弱的特性,而且空间地理距离和经济距离抑制效应明显;5个影响因素的时空效应上,较为一致的是经济增长和人均邮电业务的促进效应及能源价格的抑制效应,但总人口数和铁路运营里程的影响在不同区域间表现各异。     

环境规制强度影响能源效率的门槛效应研究——基于PSTR模型

利用非径向-SBM和CCR模型测算了我国30个省市(暂不包括西藏和港澳台地区)2007-2016年间的环境规制强度以及能源效率,构建面板平滑转移回归模型(PSTR),分析了环境规制强度对我国能源效率的连续非线性变化的影响.研究结果显示,全国环境规制强度对我国能源效率存在非线性效应,二者之间呈倒“U”型关系.环境规制强度小于门槛值0.6376时,环境规制对能源效率产生创新补偿效应,当环境规制强度高于门槛值0.6376时,环境规制对能源效率产生遵循成本效应.而我国东西部地区的环境规制强度与地区能源效率间却存在着与之相反的“U”型效应.     

我国区域创新效率测度及收敛性研究

以2011-2016年我国大陆30个省市区(除西藏)的面板数据为研究样本,用SFA法对省域创新效率进行测算,再将空间效应纳入面板数据计量模型,分析创新效率收敛与否,同时考察影响创新效率提升的因素·实证结果表明:我国区域创新效率整体水平仍有提升空间,且区域间存在显著的空间正向自相关;各区域创新效率存在显著的绝对β收敛与条件β收敛;经济发展水平、创新人力资本状况及创新产业结构对创新效率的提升速度有显著影响,但政府支持的力度和效果仍然不明显,有待进一步改进和提高.     

中国经济增长与环境污染的协整关系研究——基于1991-2007年省际面板数据

利用1991-2007中国29个省市的面板数据,对经济增长与环境污染的长期均衡关系进行了研究,对人均实际GDP及代表环境污染的五类污染物排放指标进行了面板单位根检验和面板协整分析。结果表明,在五类污染物排放指标中,只有工业固体废弃物排放量与人均GDP之间符合EKC特征,工业废水排放量随经济增长而逐渐减少,而工业废气排放量与经济增长不存在协整关系。     

基于超效率SBM模型的中国城市生态环境效率时空演变格局及预测

基于2008-2018年中国282个城市的相关数据,采用超效率SBM模型对城市生态环境效率进行测定,同时借助标准差椭圆、马尔科夫和空间马尔科夫转移矩阵,从城市尺度探究中国城市生态环境效率的时空演变特征,并对未来中国城市生态环境效率发展格局进行预测。研究结果显示:(1)当前中国城市整体生态环境发展水平较低,处在环境库兹涅茨曲线右侧缓慢上升阶段,生态环境效率有所改善,但仍存在巨大的提升空间;(2)中国城市生态环境效率呈现“东西高中间低”的空间分布格局,地区城市生态环境效率差异性显著;(3)空间马尔科夫转移矩阵结果显示,中国城市生态环境效率类型转移具有稳定性,且存在“俱乐部收敛”现象,在一定地域范围内溢出效应明显。     

涟漪效应还是空间互动——基于空间面板联立方程模型的房价与地价关系研究

本文通过构建包含房价和地价在内的空间面板联立方程模型,利用2009～2016年中国286个地市的数据,构建空间面板联立方程模型,以研究房价和地价的空间自相关性和空间溢出效应。实证结果表明：房价与地价之间的空间互动作用明显,房价不但受到当地地价的影响还会受到周边城市房价的影响;而城市地价也会受到当地房价引起的引致需求影响,并且受到周边城市地价的影响。分区域来看,地价对房价的作用强度在东、中、西部地区依次下降,房价对地价作用强度呈现出相反的趋势。而从价格的溢出效应来看,无论是房价还是地价,西部地区的价格溢出效应都最为明显,表明相对于东、中部地区,西部地区城市在房价和地价上都更会受到周围城市的影响。     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

Qualitative Analysis of Bifurcating Solutions in the Lengyel-Epstein Model

One of the most fundamental problems in theoretical biology is to explain the mechanisms by which patterns and forms are created in the＇living world. In his seminal paper ＂The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis＂, Turing showed that a system of coupled reaction-diffusion equations can be used to describe patterns and forms in biological systems. However, the first experimental evidence to the Turing patterns was observed by De Kepper and her associates（1990） on the CIMA reaction in an open unstirred reactor, almost 40 years after Turing＇s prediction. Lengyel and Epstein characterized this famous experiment using a system of reaction-diffusion equations. The Lengyel-Epstein model is in the form as follows     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

(0,1 ;0)-INTERPOLATION ON INFINITE INTERVAL (-∞, +∞)

In this paper, we study the explicit representation and convergence of (0, 1; 0)-interpolation on infinite interval, which means to determine a polynomial of degree ≤ 3n - 2 when the function values are prescribed at two set of points namely the zeros of Hn(x) and H′n(x) and the first derivatives at the zeros of H′n(x).     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].