数码照相颜色数值与物质浓度辨识的数学模型

在一定的环境条件下,可以认为一种物质溶液的浓度确定了该溶液的颜色,因此可以根据溶液的颜色来判断物质溶液的浓度.根据观测数据,应用SPSS软件对二氧化硫的浓度和数码照片颜色RGB读数进行了相关性分析.在此基础上建立了二氧化硫溶液浓度与颜色的RGB读数的多元二次多项式回归模型,并用MATLAB软件对模型求解.进一步地,还深刻分析了RGB变量对物质浓度的判断的交叉影响,并建立了完全的二次多项式模型.最后在残差分析的基础上,引入相对残差的概念对所得模型进行了误差分析.结果显示,完全二次多项式回归模型具有更高的相关系数和更小的残差方差,并且所得到的模型非常简洁.     

我国人口时间序列拟合模型的比较与选择

通过对我国1990年至2007年共18年的人口数据进行实证分析,运用时间序列的三个不同模型,对我国人口的变化规律进行了拟合研究;并给出了反映各个模型拟合精度的AIC值和SBC值;最后,通过对所建模型的比较分析,对拟合模型的选择提出了相关建议.     

基于非参数估计方法的沪铜期货价格研究

非参数估计方法是现代统计学的一个新发展方向,在各领域有重要的应用价值.本文针对非参数模型的三种估计方法,将其应用于沪铜期价与LME现价的相关关系分析,得到模型的拟合值和拟合曲线.最后,与最小二乘法的结果进行比较分析,证实了非参数估计在不同历史时期有预测精度高的优点.     

基于趋势修正的灰预测模型优化研究

针对序列增长趋势不完全满足准指数规律时的灰色预测建模问题,提出基于GM(1,1)模型与序列增长趋势之间偏差修正的建模方法,将GM(1,1)模型还原式中的常数项作为灰变量处理,加入调整系数以缩小拟合值与实际值之间的增长趋势差异,利用灰色离散模型拟合调整系数的变化过程,将得到的调整系数拟合值带入原时间响应函数,进而得到趋势修正的原始序列拟合值;运用新的建模方法对南京市第三产业用电量进行拟合和预测,证明了方法有效提升了GM(1,1)建模精度,并且拟合序列和实际序列的灰色绝对关联度得到提高.     

上海市PM2.5浓度的分析与预测

针对上海市PM2.5的浓度进行动态分析及预测.通过使用Page检验分析了上海市PM2.5浓度近几年的变化趋势;然后建立时间序列ARIMA模型对PM2.5浓度日数据进行拟合分析与预测.在此基础上通过引入影响PM2.5浓度的其他因素建立带时间序列误差的回归模型以及引入波动率因素建立带波动率方程的模型改进原时间序列ARIMA模型;通过比较样本外预测的效果,结果表明改进后的两个模型其结果均优于已知文献中的ARIMA模型.     

“颜色与物质浓度辨识”问题初探

为2017年"高教社杯"全国大学生数学建模竞赛C题"颜色与物质浓度辨识"给出了一种可行解法,按照赛题思路,给出了建模机理分析和数据质量评估指标,对赛题所给的数据进行了计算比较;并针对学生在参赛论文中出现的做法作了简要的说明与点评.     

股票指数的时间序列模型分析

借助于SA S软件将工程中的K a lm an滤波方法与时间序列的状态空间模型结合对上海A股指数进行了拟合与预测分析,通过对拟合与预测误差的计算可以发现这种模型是可行的;然后还把与滤波结合的状态空间模型的分析结果和常见的时间序列模型如:AR IM A模型、逐步自回归模型以及指数平滑模型的分析结果进行比较,比较的结果说明结合滤波的状态空间模型分析的结果比后三种的结果更加精确.结果为时间序列数据分析提供了一个较好的分析工具.     

提高GM(1，1)模型拟合预测精度的研究

在简单介绍GM(1,1)模型预测过程的基础上,指出了模型在求解微分方程时已知条件选取和背景值构造两方面存在不足,并对此提出了更换已知条件及通过求解最小值获取背景值构造形式的改进措施.通过把这两种措施进行有机结合,形成了一种新的预测程序和方法.并且通过实例分析证明了这种新的程序和方法的确能够提高GM(1,1)模型的拟合预测精度.     

改进的GM（1,1）幂模型及其参数优化

为了提高灰色GM（1,1）幂模型的拟合精度,对灰色GM（1,1）幂模型的背景值进行了改进,建立了一类改进GM（1,1）幂模型.利用粒子群优化算法给出了改进GM（1,1）幂模型的参数优化.实例分析结果表明基于粒子群算法的改进的GM（1,1）幂模型具有更高的预测和拟合精度.     

小学珠心算数学

第二节 闪电读数 1．创造脑图像清晰的条件（1）算珠的颜色好算盘珠的颜色对心算能力的形成和发展影响很大。     

Jitter and Measurement Errors in Approximation and Integration of Lipschitz Functions

The goal of this paper is to point out the differences between jitter (the perturbations in sampling points reading) and the measurement errors. In some cases jitter may have significantly smaller influence on the radius of information than the measurement error. The class of Lipschitz functions is considered and two problems, integration and approximation, are studied.     

Cooperative study teams in mathematics classrooms

This article describes a general instructional strategy designed to help students in the learning process from textbooks and to furnish opportunities for practice in critical reading. Students participate in cooperative learning by breaking the class up into small groups—the Study Teams—and providing them with worksheets and reading organizers, which organize the material into small items that reflect the major concepts in the reading material on which the study is focused. Some of the benefits that this type of instruction with Study Teams can produce are described.     

Robust optimization using computer experiments

During metamodel-based optimization three types of implicit errors are typically made. The first error is the simulation-model error, which is defined by the difference between reality and the computer model. The second error is the metamodel error, which is defined by the difference between the computer model and the metamodel. The third is the implementation error. This paper presents new ideas on how to cope with these errors during optimization, in such a way that the final solution is robust with respect to these errors. We apply the robust counterpart theory of Ben-Tal and Nemirovsky to the most frequently used metamodels: linear regression and Kriging models. The methods proposed are applied to the design of two parts of the TV tube. The simulation-model errors receive little attention in the literature, while in practice these errors may have a significant impact due to propagation of such errors.     

半导体问题的向后差分配置法及误差分析

Collocation method is put forward to solve the semiconductor problem with heat-conduction, whose mathematical model is described by an initial and boundary problem for a nonlinear partial differential equation system. One elliptic equation is for the electric potential, and three parabolic equations are for the electron concentration, hole concentration and heat-conduction. Using the prior estimate and technique of differential equations, we obtained almost optimal error estimates in L2.     

Modeling the hydrogen material interaction as parametric instability of the continuum

The hydrogen is contained in any material. Its concentration inside the materials leads to mechanical properties degradation. The two-continuum model of solid allows one to describe the influence of small concentration of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of materials in terms of changing the bonding energy of the second continuum, the latter being responsible for the hydrogen concentration. The application of this model to fatigue task give the hydrogen concentration that are critical for material destruction. Such fatigue destruction has a nature of parametric instability during the cyclic redistribution of the hydrogen under the cyclic loading. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Dynamic vibrations of a damageable viscoelastic beam in contact with two stops

A model for the material damage, due to dynamic vibrations of a Kelvin‐Voigt viscoelastic beam whose tip is constrained to move between two stops, is presented and numerically analyzed. The contact of the free tip with the stops is described by the normal compliance condition. The evolution of damage of the beam's material, which measures the reduction of its load carrying capacity, is modeled with a parabolic inclusion. The existence of the unique local solution is stated. A numerical algorithm is presented, in which spatially it is approximated by finite elements, and the time derivatives are discretized with the Euler scheme. Error estimates are derived for sufficiently regular solutions, and four numerical simulations are shown. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013     

错误评价及其消错优化研究

现实中决策者往往希望将评价对象的特征值与期望值之间的偏差控制在可接受范围之内,而且偏差越小越好.基于消错学对错误的界定,利用错误函数对评价对象的特征指标值与评价标准之间的偏差进行了度量,并遵循"区分主次、明确底线、综合集成"的思路,通过建立消错规划模型实施消错优化,从而在保证各特征指标不突破临界错误值的情况下,做到评价对象的整体错误值最小化.最后通过算例分析,演示了消错优化的过程,验证了消错优化模型的合理性和可操作性.     

Approximation of a Two-phase Continuous Casting Stefan Problem

The continuous casting Stefan problem is a mathematical model describing the solidification with convection of a material being cast continuously with a prescribed velocity. We propose a practical piecewise linear finite element scheme motivated by the characteristic finite element method and derive an error estimate for the scheme which is of the same convergence order as that proved for Stefan problem without convection.     

加权几何平均组合预测模型及其应用

本文提出了由几个不同的预测模型通过加权几何平均的方式进行组合从而得到加权几何平均组合预测模型，给出了确定最优权系数的方法。最后，以应用实例说明了我们的组合预测模型比加权算术平均组合预测模型更优越。