履带车辆磁流变减振器响应时间研究

磁流变减振器是应用磁流变液在强磁场下的快速可逆变特性而制造的一种新型振动控制装置,是履带车辆主动悬挂系统的核心部分。本文从理论上分析磁流变减振器响应时间的组成,在磁流变液的Bingham模型和流体力学的基础上,分析了流体流变响应时间的影响因素,提出了近似算法,并在磁流变减振器的实验基础上,作出阻尼力与位移的曲线图,求出阻尼力突变并达到稳定的响应时间。     

端部控制磁流变液阻尼器实验研究

以提高磁流变液阻尼器控制性能为目的,分析了活塞式磁流变液阻尼器结构特点,并提出了端部阻尼器结构;通过实验研究明确了磁流变液流经圆形截面和矩形截面的力学特性,总结了磁流变液流经不同类型和尺寸的小孔的粘性阻尼力特性和磁场作用时的磁场效应,并得出了提高端部阻尼器控制性能的方法和措施。设计出控制性能较好的矩形截面孔的端部控制磁流变液阻尼器。给出阻尼器最大阻尼力和可控比与线圈磁场强度关系。     

磁流体特性对磁流变火炮后坐阻尼器性能的影响

针对火炮后坐磁流变阻尼器的特点,以某单管25 mm火炮实验用磁流变阻尼器为研究对象,基于Herschel-Bulkley本构模型,建立了该炮磁流变后坐阻尼器的轴对称一维层流模型,获得了不同磁场作用下阻尼力随活塞速度的变化规律。运用火炮的后坐运动方程,计算了不同磁流体特性指数下,火炮的后坐位移和后坐速度。计算结果表明,磁流体特性指数的变化对磁流变后坐阻尼器的性能影响显著。     

磁流变阻尼器汽车悬架的非线性振动特性分析

通过对磁流变阻尼器sigmoid模型进行数值计算分析,揭示了各参数对该模型阻尼力的影响,证明了通过合理有效地选择参数可设计出符合工程实际应用的磁流变阻尼器.对确定性激励下磁流变阻尼器的Sigmoid模型进行了理论分析.指出了采用非线性的阻尼器模型能更精确地描述汽车悬架的振动特性.从而证明了磁流变阻尼器有良好的使用价值和Sigmoid模型磁流变阻尼器在汽车控制工程应用中的可行性.     

减振装置环形阀片局部变载的变形研究

提出了减振器环形节流阀片受局部变载荷作用时挠曲变形量的一种研究方法.根据节流阀片物理模型以及薄板力学的相关理论,推导阀片受局部变载荷作用时挠曲变形量的解析式.与有限元计算结果对比验证了公式以及推导过程的正确性,研究了不同载荷、载荷作用半径以及节流阀片相关结构参数和材料特性对其任意半径处变形量的影响规律.得出的解析式和结论为减振装置阻尼阀的精确设计提供了依据.     

考虑强结合界面的磁流变弹性体力学性能分析

磁流变弹性体是将铁磁性颗粒填充到非磁性的聚合物基体中,通过固化作用形成的柱状或链状结构。目前,研究磁流变弹性体的力学模型主要是磁偶极子模型以及修正的磁偶极子模型。这些模型考虑了颗粒之间的相互作用,但尚未涉及颗粒和基体之间的相互作用。本文在考虑颗粒和基体相互作用的基础上,基于剪滞法理论计算出强结合界面磁流变弹性体模量和阻尼特性。通过实验制备硅橡胶基的磁流变弹性体,并在应变幅值较小时测试其剪切储能模量和阻尼因子,详细分析不同的应变幅值和磁场强度对磁流变弹性体性能的影响。理论结果与实验结果相符,验证了本文关于强结合界面性能分析的正确性。     

磁流变液体的流变力学特性试验和建模

从唯象角度讨论磁流变液体的流变力学特性。基于对磁流变液体的试验 ,讨论了磁感强度、温度和剪切应变速率等对磁流变液剪切应力的影响 ;建立了描述磁流变液剪切应力的 Bingham模型、广义 Bingham模型和非线性模型。     

内通道式磁流变阻尼器研究

设计制作了一种新型的内通道式磁流变液阻尼器,该阻尼器的流场通道位于线圈内部,磁流变效应发生在两层固定的平板区域之间,并能保持磁流变液的流向与磁感应方向垂直,即保证磁流变液的大面积成链,产生大的可控阻尼力,又具备失效安全性;根据宾汉模型,建立了阻尼器的准静态力学模型;最后对研制的阻尼器进行动力学实验研究,并与理论结果进行比较,二者吻合较好。     

Herschel-Bulkley模型下磁流变减振器旁路泊肃叶流动分析

制备了羰基铁粉(CIP)的质量分数为70%的硅树脂基磁流变胶。用安东帕MCR-301型流变仪对其流变特性进行了测量,并对测试结果进行了Herschel-Bulkley本构模型参数识别。最后对MRG-70在该模型下磁流变减振器旁路中的泊肃叶(Poiseuille)流动展开了分析。试验及分析结果表明,在外加磁场下,Herschel-Bulkley本构模型中非牛顿指数n1。剪切应力随半径的增大而线性增大;当τ_rτ_y形成剪切流,反之则为柱塞流动。在剪切流动区域内,流速随半径增大而非线性降低,剪切速率随半径增大而非线性增大。磁感应强度越大,柱塞流区域越大,柱塞流区域内剪切速率恒为0。体积流量随磁感应强度增强而非线性减小。在0mT～500mT之间体积流量随磁感应强度变化剧烈,进一步增加磁感应强度则变化缓慢。     

聚苯胺体系电流变流体的阻尼机理及阻尼模型研究

对聚苯胺体系电流变流体在正弦信号作用下的阻尼力响应及其频谱特性进行了理论和实验研究。提出电流变流体的非线性阻尼力的频谱是由基频和频率为基频奇数倍的高次谐波分量组成。建立了由粘性阻尼和迟滞阻尼组成的电流变流体阻尼模型，通过对模型的傅立叶变换及数值仿真，验证了理论分析及阻尼模型的正确性。     

Fluid formulae for damping changeability conceptual design of railway semi-active hydraulic dampers

Damping changeability design and evaluation is the most fundamental issue at the beginning of any new railway semi-active hydraulic damper development. Therefore, physical fluid mechanics for the calculation of basic structure and resistance parameters of the damper should be carefully studied in the conceptual phase. Fluid formulae for changeable damping performance evaluation of two commercial railway semi-active hydraulic dampers are established. Simulation results show that the damper switched by high-speed solenoid valves obtains a wide range of changeable damping coefficients, which guarantees the absorption of a wide spectrum of vibrations; however, a different low cost damper regulated with an inversely proportional relief valve, whose Force-velocity characteristics share the same rising curve, is relatively limited in damping ability. In order to overcome the drawback of the latter one with no obvious cost increase, a new semi-active hydraulic damper which is regulated by a simple proportional throttle valve is proposed. Continued fluid formulation and simulation suggests that the damper can change its damping force rising curves or “effective” damping coefficients continuously, within a considerably wide range. Thus, fluid formulae explicitly established in this study are of significance in the damping changeability conceptual design, further refinement and control design for the three semi-active hydraulic dampers. The proposed new damper, which has both a simple configuration and an easy-to-control ability, might be feasible for industry applications.     

电流变阻尼器的动态特性实验研究

设计制造了一种多层滑动极板式电流变阻尼器，使用自制的电流变液，采用正弦激励，进行了这种电流变阻尼器的阻尼特性试验。研究了电流变阻尼器的载荷－位移迟滞特性和载荷－速率迟滞特性，同时研究分析了这种电流变阻尼器的周期能耗特性及等效粘性阻尼特性。结果表明，阻尼器的周期能耗量随外加电场强度的增加而增加，外加电场强度越大，阻尼器的等效阻尼系数越大。阻尼器的阻尼特性体现为库仑阻尼和粘性阻尼的组合，其中随外加电场强度可控的主要是库仑阻尼力，而且库仑阻尼力不仅与外加强度有关，也与阻尼器的运动速度有关。该阻尼器系统是一个强非线性系统，极板间电流变液在低剪切应变率时表现为Bingham塑性流体，在高剪切应变率时流变性态比较复杂，导致载荷－速率迟滞环出现多区域闭合现象。     

Testing and modeling of a CLEMR damper and its application in structural vibration reduction

In this paper, a new kind of combined lead extrusion magnetorheological (CLEMR) damper is proposed. First, tests on CLEMR damper at different currents, excitation amplitudes, and frequencies are carried out. Experimental results show that even when power fails, CLEMR damper can still absorb and dissipate vibration energy of the structure effectively, and its damping force can also be well adjusted in a large range of damping force. Then a mathematical model employing the current, excitation amplitude, and frequency as inputs is proposed and verified by comparing experimental and numerical results. Comparison results show that the proposed model can describe the effects of current, amplitude, and frequency on properties of CLEMR damper. Finally, elastic-plastic dynamic time-history analyses on frame structure with and without CLEMR damper are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of CLEMR damper in reducing seismic responses of the structures; dynamic responses of the uncontrolled and the controlled structures are then compared. Comparison results show that the displacement responses of each floor of the controlled structure, as well as the number of the cracking point and yielding point of the member, reduce significantly, which implies that the proposed CLEMR damper holds promise in reducing and suppressing the vibration responses of the civil structures.     

Analytical investigation of an SDOF building structure equipped with a friction damper

The purpose of this study is to investigate analytically a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) building structure equipped with a friction damper for assessing its vibration control effect. Friction dampers are installed between stories to reduce inter-story displacements of building structures subjected to external loading. They are in general regarded to generate damping forces characterized by Coulomb damping, of which the directions are opposite to the inter-story velocities of building structures. Hence, the building structure model with friction dampers can be represented by a mass-spring-viscous-Coulomb damping system. The building response reduction as a result of damper installation can be provided by observing the damping ratio rather than the friction force contributed by the dampers. Since a large friction damper force is required to attenuate the response of the building due to strong excitation, friction force ratio is directly related to building response reduction, which is the friction force of the damper versus external force. Therefore, damping and friction force ratios are key parameters, playing a main role in selecting an optimal friction damper, which satisfies target response reduction. This study first identifies an SDOF building structure installed with a friction damper for free vibration with initial conditions. A?closed-form expression of normalized displacement is derived in terms of friction force ratio in the time domain. Peak and valley of displacements are also found and then the time when the structure stops is derived with recursive interval number. This study is extended to identify steady-state vibration of the structure by deriving closed-form solution in case of resonance in terms of friction force ratio. Then, the dissipated energy balance is identified for both free and steady-state vibrations. Finally, equivalent viscous damping ratios are derived by using friction force ratio based on dissipated energy balance equation. The derived equations in terms of viscous damping ratio and friction force ratio can provide insight to design a friction damper for reducing structural displacement under external loadings.     

基于FPK方程的减摆器的非线性阻尼测试方法

受高斯白噪声外激的一阶非线性动力学方程能通过求解对应的FPK方程得到精确稳态解．本文基于这一结果导出减摆器非线性阻尼力与系统速度输出的概率结构的关系,将动力学系统中非线性阻尼力参数的测试问题转化测量系统的概率结构,并通过仿真进行了验证．     

汽车液压阻尼器的四段线性化模型

通过对现有某车用液压阻尼器的实验研究和车辆悬架系统动力学仿真研究，发现这种阻尼器的动力学特性存在复杂的非线性行为。为准确描述这类阻尼器的动力学特性和进行汽车悬架系统的动力学仿真研究，本文根据阻尼器的实验数据，提出一种新型四段线性化阻尼器模型，并建立其相应的数学模型。通过汽车悬架系统的动力学仿真研究表明，采用四段线性化阻尼器模型，汽车悬架系统簧载质量在不同路面不平度函数作用下的加速度响应和均方根加速度响应随频率变化不会出现大的波动。与等效线性化阻尼器模型相比，四段线性化阻尼器模型，能较好降低汽车悬架系统簧载质量的加速度响应和均方根加速度响应，有利于提高汽车乘坐舒适性和行驶稳定性，并为新型阻尼器设计提供一个新的思路。     

任意荷载作用下液体粘滞阻尼器在桥梁工程中减震作用探讨

在桥梁工程中,当需要限制梁端的碰撞或过大的相对位移,经常会在梁端设置液体粘滞阻尼器。由于技术原因,液体粘滞阻尼器在桥梁设计中的参数选取基本上是通过全桥模型的地震非线性时程分析得到的。而在寿命期内,桥梁需要承受各种随机荷载,在具有不同力学特性荷载的激励作用下引起梁端纵向大的响应时,液体粘滞阻尼器是否始终起有利的减震作用,一直困扰着其在桥梁工程中的实践。在液体粘滞阻尼器力学特性研究的基础上,通过矩阵变换得到关于阻尼器的局部动力方程,从变形和受力两个方向对此问题进行探讨,得到液体粘滞阻尼器对于梁端的相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度均有减震作用。但不会得出始终对所有构件的受力有利的结论,并进行了验证。     

MR阻尼器的半主动控制研究

MR阻尼器能提供可以调节的阻尼力,适合用作减少结构地震响应的半主动控制器。本文对MR阻尼器的半主动控制进行研究,提出了状态跳跃算法,根据结构响应的大小实现MR阻尼器的状态切换,使结构响应得到有效的控制。这种控制策略简便,不需要在线计算,便于实施。由于速度响应直接影响MR阻尼器的阻尼力,建议用速度响应作为MR阻尼器进行状态切换的变量。文中给出了两个算例,进行了计算分析和比较,说明了状态跳跃控制算法的特点。     

四种不同约束形式隔板式铅耗能器的试验研究

铅耗能器主要利用金属铅塑性耗能,是一种构造简单、耗能性能优良而又经济的耗能减震元件。本文提出了一种隔板式铅耗能器。根据其构造和耗能原理,设计了四种不同约束形式的耗能元件,并通过EHF-EM电液伺服疲劳试验机进行了低周循环试验,分析了这四种约束形式对隔板式铅耗能器的力学性能与耗能性能的影响,揭示了其耗能机制。研究结果表明:隔板式铅耗能器主要具有屈服位移小、造价低廉、构造简单、工作性能稳定、耗能性能优良的特点,在建筑结构和大型机械减振控制方面具有广泛的应用前景;对比分析表明,其中B型耗能器力学性能尤为优越,耗能能力大且随位移增大刚度增强,同时对结构振动还具有限位功能。