菁染料和份菁染料薄膜的光稳定性研究

利用UV-Vis吸收光谱仪和光化学反应器研究了菁染料和份菁染料薄膜的光降解动力学.与相应的份菁染料相比,携带正电荷的菁染料薄膜具有相对较好的光稳定性.运用量子化学中的SCF-MO-PM3方法,全优化计算了这些染料的分子几何构型和电子结构,并解释了染料的光稳定性与其分子结构的关系.     

感绿增感染料电子能级和增感性能的研究

本文应用Hückel分子轨道理论,对一系列对称和不对称的噁碳菁、咪噁碳菁以及喹啉噻菁染料的电子能级进行了计算,测定了这些染料的激发能,极谱半波还原电位和在溴氯化银乳剂中的光谱增感性能,计算值与观测值取得了很好的一致性。     

脂肪胺的脂水分配系数与结构参数的关系

研究了脂肪胺的脂水分配系数实验值与半经验量子化学计算获得的理论计算参数值间的相关关系,结果表明:实验测定值与分子范德华体积及碳氮键长之间有良好的多元线性关系.     

酞花菁分子结构及其X光电子能谱的CNDO研究

用CNDO/2对酞花菁作了量子化学计算以确定环内两个氢原子的位置。计算得到的构型优化结果及氮原子、碳原子上的净电荷分布均表明,环内两个氢原子是以单键方式分别连接于两个氮原子上,N—H 键长为1.08。计算结果对酞花菁的 X—射线光电子能谱给予了满意的解释.     

碳笼烯C32和碳笼烷C32H32的量子化学研究

用量子化学计算方法ＭＮＤＯ和ＡＭ１研究了具有Ｏｈ对称性的碳笼烯Ｃ３２和碳笼烷Ｃ３２Ｈ３２的几何结构和电子结构及其稳定性，ＡＭ１水平下，评论Ｃ３２的基态性质和分子振动。     

三种不同碳链长度的双偶极半菁衍生物与WO_3胶体粒子的静电自组装膜

通过交替吸附纳米级的WO3胶体粒子和3种分别含1个,3个和6个亚甲基碳链的双偶极半菁制备了新颖的无机-有机杂化自组装多层膜,并通过紫外-可见光谱和光电化学对薄膜进行了研究.结果表明这种WO3/半菁静电自组装多层膜可被均匀沉积,与文献报道的半菁分子Langmuir-Blodgett膜相比,具有制备简单、红移的可见吸收峰和含3个亚甲基碳链的双偶极半菁光电信号强的优点.     

Mg_2~ 等双原子体系的力常数计算

力常数是分子的重要物理量.Newton等用量子化学从头计算法计算分子振动力常数,结果恒偏高.若用K′=K/1.2式校正,则与实测值相符.本文报导我们用量子化学从头计算法计算Mg_2~ 等双原子体系力常数和有关物理量的结果.     

14顶点双取代碳硼烷和金属硼烷极化率和二阶超极化率的DFT研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT) B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法对14顶点双取代碳硼烷和金属硼烷几何构型进行优化, 结合有限场(FF)方法计算了各体系的极化率和二阶超极化率. 同时金属硼烷中金属原子采用赝势基组进行计算, 讨论基组对计算结果的影响. 结果表明, 14顶点碳硼烷和金属硼烷中碳和金属元素的成键方式不同, 金属硼烷中各原子间距离比碳硼烷中大, 平面偏移角增大. 金属原子的引入有效增加分子的NLO系数, 同时金属硼烷的前线分子轨道能级差比碳硼烷小很多, 金属硼烷材料有可能表现出半导体甚至导体特性, 金属原子采用不同基组对计算结果影响不大.     

不同硬件环境下量子化学软件的测试比较

计算机技术的飞速发展使得量子化学计算方法、水平和运算速度等方面有了很大的提高,同时也不断推出新的量子化学软件,诸多软件中,Gaussian和Gamess-US一直处于领先地位,是量子化学工作者的主要研究工具,研究这两种软件的计算速度具有比较强的代表性.针对国内使用微机进行量子化学研究有一定普遍性,我们以单分子计算和过渡态计算为例,对不同硬件产品作了大量测试工作,目的在于给广大的量子化学工作者购机时提供一些参考.     

基于异噁唑酮类份菁染料的激发态分子内质子转移的研究

运用量子化学理论计算方法研究了3-甲基-4-(1H-吲哚-3-次甲基)-异噁唑-5-酮(A)及其衍生物份菁染料的激发态分子内质子转移性质.研究表明:在基态3种染料AH(R=H),AO(R=—O(H3))和AP(R=—O(H2Ph))只存在酮式构型,在激发态AH与AP存在酮式和烯醇式2种构型,而AO存在酮式、烯醇式和仲胺式3种构型.红外光谱表明化合物从基态跃迁到激发态存在分子内的氢键增强作用,势能曲线显示激发态的质子转移为放热反应且能垒较低,通过分析电子光谱得到具有较大斯托克位移的激发态分子内质子转移的荧光发射峰,前线分子轨道理论计算进一步说明了其质子转移的发生过程.     

Calculation of circular dichroism spectra of michellamines A and C, based on a complete conformational analysis

The first quantum chemical calculation of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of michellamines has been achieved, based on a complete quantum chemical conformational analysis. Michellamines are dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids and thus naturally occurring quateraryls, with a large molecular size and flexibility and equipped with stereogenic centers and axes.     

Development of glycyl radical parameters for the OPLS-AA/L force field

On the basis of quantum chemical calculations C(alpha)-glycyl radical parameters have been developed for the OPLS-AA/L force field. The molecular mechanics hypersurface was fitted to the calculated quantum chemical surface by minimizing their molecular mechanics parameter dependent sum-of-squares deviations. To do this, a computer program in which the molecular mechanics energy derivatives with respect to the parameters were calculated analytically was developed, implementing the general method of Lifson and Warshel (J Chem Phys 1968, 49, 5116) for force field parameter optimization. This program, in principle, can determine the optimal parameter set in one calculation if enough representative value points on the quantum chemical potential energy surface are available and there is no linear dependency between the parameters. Some of the parameters in quantum calculations, including several new torsion types around a bond as well as angle parameters at a new central atom type, are not completely separable. Consequently, some restrictions and/or presumptions were necessary during parameter optimization. The relative OPLS-AA energies reproduced those calculated quantum chemically almost perfectly.     

最小二乘支持向量机方法用于提高低水平量子化学方法计算吸收能的精度

运用B3LYP/STO-3G和ZINDO两种低水平的量子化学方法计算了160个有机分子的UV-Vis吸收光谱, 然后提取合适的物理参数, 并以实验值为基础, 引入最小二乘支持向量机方法以提高吸收能的计算值精度. 结果表明, 最小二乘支持向量机方法可有效提高量子化学计算精度, 体系的吸收能误差均方根分别从0.95和0.46 eV降低到0.16和0.15 eV. 最小二乘支持向量机校正方法的引入可在较少的机时和计算资源下得到比单一的量子化学计算方法更为稳定和精确的计算结果, 且可在现有计算条件下预测现有计算能力达不到的精度. 因此, 将最小二乘支持向量机方法用于量子化学数据分析, 为化学研究准确、 快捷地预测分子性质提供了一种新的研究手段.     

Quantum chemical definition and calculation of oxidation number

A new quantum chemical definition of oxidation number is proposed, in the present paper, as a direct generalization of the corresponding classical definition. According to the proposed general definition, the oxidation number can be calculated by use of molecular orbital data and a population analysis method or by use of other quantum chemical methods. For the practical calculation, we present a corresponding concrete calculation procedure within the framework of the maximum overlap population principle, which is very simple and very easy to use. The calculated numerical results are, on the whole, in good agreement with chemists' intuitive concepts of chemical bonding.     

基于量子化学计算方法的天然气水合物稳定性研究进展

天然气水合物以资源丰富、优质、洁净等特点,被视为21世纪新能源。天然气水合物稳定性的研究对天然气水合物资源勘探开发具有重要意义。本文简述了微观、介观、宏观、矿藏四个尺度天然气水合物稳定性的研究,重点从微观量子尺度介绍了量子化学计算方法对水合物晶体结构及其稳定性以及水合物宏观物理特性微观表征的计算研究。应用量子化学计算方法可以对天然气水合物的晶体结构、电子轨道分布、振动光谱、成键特性及主客体相互作用进行计算研究,其结果能够为天然气水合物在油气储运、水合物成藏、开采及其综合利用等方面的研究提供理论支持。目前,量子化学计算方法的优化与分子动力学模拟、分子力学模拟等方法的结合将有助于水合物形成和分解微观机理研究的发展,提升计算精度和扩大研究体系,为矿场尺度的天然气水合物资源开采利用提供理论支持。     

Quantum study of HIV-1 protease-bridge water interaction

We present a fully quantum mechanical calculation for binding interaction between HIV-1 protease (PR) and the water molecule W301 which bridges the flaps of the protease with the inhibitors of PR. The quantum calculation is made possible by applying a recently developed molecular fractionation with conjugate caps (MFCC) method which divides a protein molecule into capped amino acid-based fragments and their conjugate caps. These individual fragments are properly treated to preserve the chemical property of bonds that are cut. Ab initio methods at HF, B3LYP, and MP2 levels with a fixed basis set 6-31+G* have been employed in the present calculation. The MFCC calculation produces a quantum mechanical interaction "map" representing interactions between individual residues of PR and W301. This enables a detailed quantitative analysis on binding of W301 to specific residues of PR at quantum mechanical level.     

Study of a supramolecular structure of continental type petroleum asphaltenes

Supramolecular, electronic, and chemical structures of petroleum asphaltene molecules are studied. The investigations are carried out by quantum chemistry and molecular mechanics methods. The quantum chemical calculation of the structure-chemical parameters of dimers and trimers of petroleum asphaltenes is made using DFT/B3LYP. The refined values of the ionization potential and electron affinity of petroleum asphaltene molecules, their dimers and trimers agree well with the electron spectroscopy data. The results of the study of geometric structures of petroleum asphaltene dimers and trimers confirm the non-planar structure of asphaltenes.     

Quantum chemical methods for the investigation of photoinitiated processes in biological systems: theory and applications.

With the advent of modern computers and advances in the development of efficient quantum chemical computer codes, the meaningful computation of large molecular systems at a quantum mechanical level became feasible. Recent experimental effort to understand photoinitiated processes in biological systems, for instance photosynthesis or vision, at a molecular level also triggered theoretical investigations in this field. In this Minireview, standard quantum chemical methods are presented that are applicable and recently used for the calculation of excited states of photoinitiated processes in biological molecular systems. These methods comprise configuration interaction singles, the complete active space self-consistent field method, and time-dependent density functional theory and its variants. Semiempirical approaches are also covered. Their basic theoretical concepts and mathematical equations are briefly outlined, and their properties and limitations are discussed. Recent successful applications of the methods to photoinitiated processes in biological systems are described and theoretical tools for the analysis of excited states are presented.     

量子化学模型方法在机械力化学中的应用

机械力化学作为一种无需溶剂的绿色化学技术得到广泛关注。然而,机械力化学反应机制需要从原子和分子尺度上深入理解力诱导的化学反应。在过去的20年中,量子化学模型方法在机械力化学机理研究中得到广泛应用,高精度量化计算可得到外力下变形分子的几何结构、能量、过渡态等诸多性质。本文介绍了目前机械力化学领域的主流量子化学模型的基本原理,同时也关注了这些模型方法在软件上的具体实现,并借助典型的案例阐述了量子化学模型在解释机械力化学机理中的作用与价值。     

Quantum chemical estimation of the overtone contribution to the IR spectra of hydrocarbon halogen derivatives

The problem of a comparison of quantum chemical calculation results with the experimental characteristics of molecules is discussed, and it is noted that the accuracy of quantum computations can be most fully evaluated by a comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental spectra. By means of calculations, the contribution of anharmonism to the theoretical values of absorption band intensities in the IR spectra of 15 fluoro and 36 chloro derivatives of hydrocarbons is estimated. The first and second derivatives of the molecular dipole moment are obtained by ab initio quantum chemical calculations with the use of the 6–31G(1d) basis set and allowance for electron correlations by the second order Möller-Plesset method. The performed calculation well reproduces the positions of maxima and the intensity ratio of fundamental, overtone, and complex absorption bands.