Passive ranging and a three-dimensional imaging system through wavefront coding

A single-image passive ranging and three-dimensional(3 D) imaging system with chiral phase encoding was proposed in 2011 [Opt. Lett. 36, 115(2011)]. A new theoretical analysis of the system in space domain is presented in this paper. We deduce the analytic relationships between the object distance and the point spread function, and between the object distance and the encoded image, respectively. Both the point spread function and the processed spectrum of the encoded image have two spots, which will rotate with the variation of the object distance. Then the depth map is extracted from the encoded image and it can be used to set up 3 D images. The theoretical analysis is verified by a wavefront coding system with a chiral phase which is generated by a phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. The phase generated by the liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is more flexible than the fixed phase mask and can be adjusted in real time. It is especially suitable for observing the object with a large depth of field.     

光学综合孔径成像技术实验研究

根据光学综合孔径成像系统的成像质量与点扩散函数和光学传递函数的关系,以G o lay-3阵列结构为例,从空间域和频率域对光学综合孔径成像技术进行理论仿真和实验研究。在空间域从理论上分析光学综合孔径成像系统的点扩散函数,对复杂目标的成像通过目标函数与点扩散函数的卷积求得,点扩散函数决定了成像质量。通过数值仿真和模拟实验取得了点扩散函数强度分布图,两者分布规律一致证明理论分析正确。在频率域研究光学综合孔径调制传递函数,理论仿真和实验取得的调制传递函数表明,空间域和频率域内光学综合孔径成像技术的理论分析与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

基于遗传算法的光综合孔径圆周阵优化

从光综合孔径圆周阵列成像的基本原理出发,建立了圆周阵列的优化模型;采用改进的实数编码方法对子孔径阵列位置进行编码,运用遗传算法进行子孔径阵列的优化;以阵列的u-v覆盖点间距最大化及最小冗余度来设计目标函数,实现了8~16个子孔径二维圆周阵的优化排列;分析了二维圆周光综合孔径阵列成像系统的点扩展函数、光学传递函数和衍射成像的基本原理;对优化结果与模拟退火算法的结果进行对比,使用仿真成像程序分析其点扩展函数,并与均匀排布的圆周阵列进行对比。结果表明,采用改进的实数编码的遗传算法可以很好地解决综合孔径阵列优化的问题,相对于模拟退火算法,该方法的计算时间更短,结果更优。     

波前编码双共轭梯度平方稳定解码算法及其 TMS320DM642平台的实现

波前编码是一种新型的光学-数字混合二步成像系统,采用三次光学编码相位板可以得到系统的非对称点扩散函数和相当景深内模糊程度一致的中间图像.本文利用空间域光学成像模型,结合反镜像边界束缚条件以及矩阵的直积分解,提出一种基于双共轭梯度平方稳定算法(Bi-CGSTAB)的图像复原算法实现波前编码系统的数字解码.该算法具有计算量小、计算速度快,几乎没有边界效应等优点.在此基础上结合TMS320DM642平台并行计算的特点,将新的算法重新优化并移植到TMS320DM642平台上.整个平台由图像采集模块、图象显示模块以及外部存储器等模块组成.通过专门设计的光学系统,分别对物距为1m、5m和10m处的物体以及人像进行成像.对中间模糊像的恢复实验结果表明,新的算法在TMS320DM642平台上图像复原速度快,效果好,为波前编码系统的真正便携和实用提供了可能.     

波前编码双共轭梯度平方稳定解码算法及其TMS320DM642平台的实现

波前编码是一种新型的光学-数字混合二步成像系统,采用三次光学编码相位板可以得到系统的非对称点扩散函数和相当景深内模糊程度一致的中间图像.本文利用空间域光学成像模型,结合反镜像边界束缚条件以及矩阵的直积分解,提出一种基于双共轭梯度平方稳定算法(Bi-CGSTAB)的图像复原算法实现波前编码系统的数字解码.该算法具有计算量小、计算速度快,几乎没有边界效应等优点.在此基础上结合TMS320DM642平台并行计算的特点,将新的算法重新优化并移植到TMS320DM642平台上.整个平台由图像采集模块、图象显示模块以及外部存储器等模块组成.通过专门设计的光学系统,分别对物距为1m、5m和10m处的物体以及人像进行成像.对中间模糊像的恢复实验结果表明,新的算法在TMS320DM642平台上图像复原速度快,效果好,为波前编码系统的真正便携和实用提供了可能.     

Three-dimensional in vivo scanning microscopy with inertia-free focus control

The acquisition of high-resolution images in three dimensions is of utmost importance for the morphological and functional investigation of biological tissues. Here, we present a laser scanning two-photon microscope with remote and motionless control of the focus position. The movement of the excitation spot along the propagation direction is achieved by shaping the laser wavefront with a spatial light modulator. Depending on the optical properties of the objective in use, this approach allows z movements in a range of tens to hundreds of micrometers with small changes of the point spread function. We applied this technique for the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of fluorescent cells in the mouse neocortex in vivo. The presented system bypasses the limitations of microscopes based on moving objectives, enabling high-resolution inertia-free 3D imaging.     

基于多通道盲识别的自适应光学图像事后处理

为实时恢复天文或空间目标的湍流退化成像,提出一种适应大气湍流动态变化的多通道自适应光学图像恢复方法.以自适应光学校正后不同时刻的目标成像作为多个通道,建立求解系统点扩散函数的线性方程,根据解出的点扩散函数利用超拉普拉斯算法,求解待观测目标的估计值.结果表明:不同时刻的点扩散函数之间存在互质关系,满足多通道盲识别的理论要求.利用建立的线性方程求解出的点扩散函数与原点扩散函数的均方误差在10^-30~10^-27量级,采用超拉普拉斯算法恢复出的目标成像与原始目标之间的均方误差在10^-5~10^-4量级.本文研究为湍流退化图像的实时恢复提供了理论基础.     

基于液晶空间光调制器的全息显示

在传统的纯相位全息显示系统中, 一般基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法来计算相位全息图, 在FFT的计算中需要遵循Nyquist采样定理, 因此, 重建图像的尺寸往往受限于空间光调制器的固定采样率. 这个限制可以通过卷积算法或者两步菲涅耳衍射算法来解决, 但是需要使用多个FFT的计算, 导致计算量增大. 鉴于此, 提出了一种基于透镜的纯相位全息图计算方法. 在全息图的计算中, 通过透镜的成像原理建立一个采样率可变的虚拟全息面, 通过调节相应的距离参数使得在全息图的计算中可以任意调节原始图像的采样率, 摆脱了传统方法中液晶空间光调制器带宽积对重建图像尺寸的限制, 并且这种算法只需使用一次FFT就能达到变采样率的衍射计算, 大幅提高了全息图的计算速度. 数值模拟及光学实验结果证明了此方法可以在全息显示光学系统中清晰地重建不同尺寸的图像. 同时该系统可以有效地消除由空间光调制器的像素化结构带来的零级衍射.     

Super-resolution imaging in digital holography by using dynamic grating with a spatial light modulator

A super-resolution imaging method using dynamic grating based on liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) is developed to improve the resolution of a digital holographic system. The one-dimensional amplitude cosine grating is loaded on the SLM, which is placed between the object and hologram plane in order to collect more high-frequency components towards CCD plane. The point spread function of the system is given to confirm the separation condition of reconstructed images for multiple diffraction orders. The simulation and experiments are carried out for a standard resolution test target as a sample, which confirms that the imaging resolution is improved from 55.7 μm to 31.3 μm compared with traditional lensless Fourier transform digital holography. The unique advantage of the proposed method is that the period of the grating can be programmably adjusted according to the separation condition.     

基于空间光调制器的非相干数字全息单次曝光研究

菲涅耳非相干相关全息术(Fresnel incoherent correlation holography,FINCH)利用在空间光调制器(spatial light modulator,SLM)上加载双透镜模式对同一物点光分束自相干,并通过改变加载的相位因子得到不同的相移全息图.本系统利用SLM可分区编码调制特性,将FINCH成像中SLM上分三次加载的0°,120°,240°相位双透镜掩模各提取1/3组成一幅复合相移模式加载,并研究了三种相位分布方式对FINCH成像质量的影响.结果表明:三个相位在SLM上分布间隔越大,再现像越清晰.在此基础上,提出了一种新的掩模加载方式,在SLM加载透镜阵列,每一个相位因子对应一个双透镜,具有一个光轴.实验表明,通过这种加载方式,通过SLM后形成的三个相移图能够一次在电荷耦合器上记录,并且三个相移图不重叠,然后通过MATLAB编程计算将不同相移角度的全息图分别提取出来,通过三步相移计算合成一幅包含有物光波的复值全息图,最后通过数值再现算法重建待测样品.此系统可用于对光源相干性较低的实时成像系统,也为微小形变测量、动态物体的观测提供了新方法,为非相干数字全息术的发展提供了新思路.     

Single-pixel polarimetric imaging

We present an optical system that performs Stokes polarimetric imaging with a single-pixel detector. This fact is possible by applying the theory of compressive sampling to the data acquired by a commercial polarimeter without spatial resolution. The measurement process is governed by a spatial light modulator, which sequentially generates a set of preprogrammed light intensity patterns. Experimental results are presented and discussed for an object that provides an inhomogeneous polarization distribution.     

基于螺旋相位调制的非相干全息点扩散函数研究

分析了菲涅耳非相干相关全息(Fresnel incoherent correlation holography,FINCH)系统中纯相位空间光调制器(spatial light modulator,SLM)加载螺旋相位掩模时的点扩散函数.以氙灯为照明光源搭建了FINCH系统,电荷耦合器记录的点源全息图与点扩散函数模拟结果一致.采用该系统分别在SLM上加载双透镜掩模和螺旋相位调制双透镜掩模两种情况下对分辨率板和非染色洋葱细胞成像,给出了成像对比结果.结果表明:采用螺旋相位调制的FINCH系统可以在几乎不牺牲分辨率的情况下提高图像的边缘对比度;同样,对相位物体也可以实现图像的边缘提取和识别.该方法在实时监测活细胞的分裂、形变等方面具有重要应用前景.     

Generation of hollow beams by using a binary spatial light modulator

We demonstrate the generation of hollow laser beams by using a binary spatial light modulator and compare the results with those for a continuous modulator. The binary phase modulator produces beams that have continuous, azimuthally varying phase profiles and can be dynamically changed with kilohertz refresh rates. The intensity and phase profiles are recorded through the focus of an imaging lens and are compared with scalar diffraction theory. We highlight properties of the beams relevant to optical dipole traps.     

Stimulated emission depletion microscopy with a supercontinuum source and fluorescence lifetime imaging

We demonstrate stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy implemented in a laser scanning confocal microscope using excitation light derived from supercontinuum generation in a microstructured optical fiber. Images with resolution improvement beyond the far-field diffraction limit in both the lateral and axial directions were acquired by scanning overlapped excitation and depletion beams in two dimensions using the flying spot scanner of a commercially available laser scanning confocal microscope. The spatial properties of the depletion beam were controlled holographically using a programmable spatial light modulator, which can rapidly change between different STED imaging modes and also compensate for aberrations in the optical path. STED fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is demonstrated through the use of time-correlated single photon counting.     

共焦扫描显微成象系统的点扩散函数再商讨

针对共焦扫描显微成象中物体相对于被扫描点的位置矢量是反向移动的特性,探讨了物体移动后的物函数在此基础上,根据成象的理论进行了计算,得到新的系统点扩散函数表达式,最后根据计算结果分析成象的性质,得出了系统成象的相干性.     

放疗3D剂量验证系统中光场相机点扩散函数获取

基于闪烁光场成像的放疗新型3D剂量测量中,需利用点扩散函数将每一个二维平面的真实闪烁光数据从重叠图像中提取出来.利用刀口法,结合光场数字重聚焦以及聚焦测距法,实验获取光场相机不同重聚焦位置处的点扩散函数,并给出棋盘格标定板在参数α=0.6时的重聚焦面聚焦在α=0.7位置处的高斯离焦点扩散函数表达式,研究光场相机点扩散函...     

High-harmonic-generation-inspired preparation of optical vortex arrays with arbitrary-order topological charges

In the process of high-harmonic generation with a Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) mode, it was well established that the topological charge could be of an N-fold increase due to angular momentum conservation. Here, by mimicking the effect of high-harmonic generation, we devise a simple algorithm to generate optical vortex arrays carrying arbitrary topological charges with a single phase-only spatial light modulator. By initially preparing a coaxial superposition of suitable low-order LG modes, we demonstrate experimentally that the topological charges of the embedded vortices can be multiplied and transformed into arbitrarily high orders on demand, while the array structure remains unchanged. Our algorithm offers a concise way to efficiently manipulate the structured light beams and holds promise in optical micromanipulation and remote sensing.     

Wide-field imaging through scattering media by scattered light fluorescence microscopy

To obtain images through scattering media, scattered light fluorescence (SLF) microscopy that utilizes the optical memory effect has been developed. However, the small field of view (FOV) of SLF microscopy limits its application. In this paper, we have introduced a re-modulation method to achieve wide-field imaging through scattering media by SLF microscopy. In the re-modulation method, to raster scan the focus across the object plane, the incident wavefront is re-modulated via a spatial light modulator (SLM) in the updated phase compensation calculated using the optimized iterative algorithm. Compared with the conventional optical memory effect method, the re-modulation method can greatly increase the FOV of a SLF microscope. With the phase compensation theoretically calculated, the process of updating the phase compensation of a high speed SLM is fast. The re-modulation method does not increase the imaging time. The re-modulation method is, therefore, expected to make SLF microscopy have much wider applications in biology, medicine and physiology.     

透过散射介质对直线运动目标的全光成像及追踪技术

光散射是限制光传输以及降低和破坏光学成像性能的主要因素,透过复杂散射介质对运动目标的全光成像是光学领域极具挑战性的技术之一.本文提出一种利用散斑差值自相关透过散射介质对运动目标进行实时追踪的方法.采用赝热光照明,基于光学记忆效应理论,通过对运动目标采集的两帧散斑做差值,然后做自相关运算,计算目标移动的距离,实现对目标的实时追踪,并且利用相位恢复算法进行简单处理就可以重建隐藏目标.对该方法进行了实验验证,成功地对隐藏的运动目标实现了成像与追踪.这种透过散射介质对运动目标的全光成像及实时追踪技术,在生物医学等领域具有重要应用潜力.     

Incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging with high accuracy of image pixel registration

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH) is a unique three-dimensional(3 D) imaging technique which has the advantages of scanning-free,high resolution,and easy matching with existing mature optical systems.In this article,an incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging method with high accuracy of spectral reconstruction based on liquid crystal tunable filter(LCTF) and FINCH is proposed.Using the programmable characteristics of spatial light modulator(SLM),a series of phase masks,none of whose focal lengths changes with wavelength,is designed and made.For each wavelength of LCTF output,SLM calls three phase masks with different phase constants at the corresponding wavelength,and CCD records three holograms.The spectral images obtained by this method have a constant magnification,which can achieve pixel-level image registration,restrain image registration errors,and improve spectral reconstruction accuracy.The results show that this method can not only obtain the 3 D spatial information and spectral information of the object simultaneously,but also have high accuracy of spectral reconstruction and excellent color reproducibility.