Study on the reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital hologram

As one of the most important 3-D display technique, reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography should be grounded on the digital hologram itself. Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, the optical distributions of recorded object and reconstructed image of digital holography have been studied. It has been proposed that the root formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image is the speckle noise formed on the recorded object surface when illuminated by coherent light because of its optical roughness. A novel approach has been presented to reduce speckle noise in digital holography by changing the interference structure of hologram itself. First, by reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image, the distribution of ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise is acquired. Then in turn, taking the ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise as ideal object light, a new hologram can be rebuilt, which can reconstruct the ideal object light. The experimental results are given to confirm the proposed method. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

Design of the spatial filter window for digital holographic convolution reconstruction of object beam field

In the convolution reconstruction process of digital holographic object beam field, the object beam fields with different magnifications can be obtained when the reconstructing beams are spherical waves with different wave curvature radii. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental discussion on the useful spatial frequency spectrum of the hologram numerically illuminated by the spherical wave. The result shows that there would be an image in the spatial frequency spectrum of digital hologram, which is completely the same as the object, if the wave surface radius of the spherical wave is equal to the distance from the object to the CCD sensor. Taking this image as a reference and designing a filter, the position of the reconstructed images with different magnifications can be predicted correctly in the reconstructed plane. Additionally, since the spectrum distribution of zero-order diffraction can be forecasted accurately in theory, its contribution can be effectively eliminated through changing the spatial filter shape; then a reconstructed object field containing more high-frequency information can be obtained.     

长工作距离显微成像数字全息合成孔径方法(英文)

提出了一种用于长工作距离下显微成像的数字全息合成孔径方法。首先,在不同斜入射照明条件下记录多幅包含不同物光频谱范围的数字全息图。然后,利用每一幅全息图通过数字方法重构并放大物体强度像。最后,通过非相干叠加这些强度像得到分辨力提高且散斑噪声减小的合成物体强度像。理论分析和实验结果表明,此方法可应用于长工作距离下的原位显微观测。     

The influence of hologram aperture on speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography and its reduction

Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, we study the formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image and acquire the conclusion that the small size of hologram aperture diffraction aggravates the speckle noise of reconstructed image and the speckle noise has been one of primary noise sources in the reconstruction process. In order to reduce the speckle noise resulting from little hologram aperture diffraction, we set an appropriate aperture function matching the recording parameter and aperture size of hologram and deconvolve the reconstructed image with it. The validity has been proved in theory and experiment. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

Reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography

Based on the whole process of recording and reconstruction of digital holography, we study the formation causes of speckle noise in the reconstructed image and its characteristics. And we reach the conclusions that the little hologram aperture diffraction aggravates the speckle noise and the speckle noise in the reconstructed image is a kind of multiplicative noise. Serving as the basis of these features, we propose the reduction technique for speckle noise. Firstly, we set an appropriate aperture function matching the recording parameter and an aperture size of hologram and deconvolve the reconstructed image of the hologram with it. Secondly, we converted the multiplicative noise into additive noise by means of homomorphic transform and realize the separation of signal and noise. Thirdly, we applied the Wiener filtering to reduce the additive noise. Finally, we carried out the inverse transformation. The proposed reduction technique is illustrated with experimental results. Therefore, the paper offers a brand-new thought and practical way of reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

数字全息图再现像的像质改善

基于数字图像处理技术,提出了一套对数字全息图及其再现像进行处理的方法,改善了数字全息图再现像的像质.利用频谱匹配滤波的方法可以有效地滤除零级及孪生像干扰.同时,提出了通过均值滤波、中值滤波等方法降低激光散斑噪音的技术.理论和实验证明,综合而又合理地利用数字图像处理技术可以很大程度地改善数字全息图再现像的像质.     

Speckle noise reduction by division and digital processing of a hologram

One of the common problems in classical and digital holography is presence of speckle in reconstructed images. Some methods have been predicted for speckle reduction. Speckle has a statistical distribution in size and intensity. Thus complete elimination of them is impossible. But, one can use this statistical characters to reduce its effects.In this paper a method is proposed for reduction of speckle effect by recording a hologram and then dividing it to several sub-holograms. Each sub-hologram is used to produce an image. Final image is constructed by superposition of these images. The final image has a smaller amount of speckle noise. Experimental results verify effectiveness of this technique.     

Speckle noise reduction by the composition of diffused Fraunhofer holograms

The image reconstructed from a composite hologram is compared with that obtained by multiple-exposure of images independently reconstructed from a single element and also with that from a synthetic-aperture hologram. The experimental results show the difference in the principle of speckle noise reduction with these three methods and prove that the composite hologram arranged only in a row is sufficient for reducing the speckle noise.     

Speckle reduction by selective spatial-domain mask in digital holography

An improved method of using a selective spatial-domain mask to reduce speckle noise in digital holography is proposed.The sub-holograms are obtained from the original hologram filtered by the binary masks including a shifting aperture for being reconstructed. Normally, the speckle patterns of these sub-reconstructed images are different. The speckle intensity of the final reconstructed image is suppressed by averaging the favorable sub-reconstructed images which are selected based on the most optimal pixel intensity sub-range in the sub-holograms. Compared with the conventional spatial-domain mask method, the proposed method not only reduces the speckle noise more effectively with fewer sub-reconstructed images,but also reduces the redundant information used in the reconstruction process.     

多光束数字全息的研究

提出了一种多光束数字全息技术来解决当利用菲涅耳数字全息对全息图进行再现时,物体的多个表面无法同时再现得明亮、清晰.该方法是记录时采用多光束照明同一物体的多个表面,增强CCD上接收到的物体侧表面散射光的强度.实验成功地同时再现了物体的多个表面.同时,为了减弱再现像的散斑噪声,采用双线性插值和中值滤波处理图像,获得了质量高的三维物体的再现图像.     

Pattern-adaptive error diffusion algorithm for improved phase-only hologram generation

The bidirectional error diffusion(BERD) algorithm is free from random phase modulation that introduces speckle noise on the reconstructed images, compared with other computer-generated phase-only hologram(POH) approaches. During the POH generation process, the amplitudes of all pixels are traditionally set to one for diffusing the errors to their neighborhood of unprocessed pixels. In this paper, we reveal that the reconstruction quality depends on the uniform amplitude value for different object pattern. The pattern-adaptive BERD(PA-BERD) algorithm is proposed for high-quality holographic reconstruction. The optimized amplitude value can be acquired for each object pattern and each propagation distance.The PA-BERD-based POHs have shown higher reconstruction quality than traditional BERD-based POHs in simulations as well as optical experiments.     

数字全息技术中散斑噪声滤波算法比较

 在数字全息测量记录过程中,其所记录的全息图易受到散斑噪声的污染造成分辨率下降,同时也严重影响数字全息再现的效果,因此研究适用于数字全息技术中散斑滤波的算法具有重要的实用价值。介绍了中值滤波、Lee滤波、Kuan滤波和SUSAN滤波这四种常用的散斑滤波算法,并将它们运用于数字全息实验所记录图像和数字再现图像的散斑噪声滤波处理中,然后对这四种算法的处理结果进行评价。结果表明,在数字全息技术中使用SUSAN滤波算法进行处理,既明显抑制了散斑噪声,又有效保证了再现图像信息的完整性。     

数字全息波前重建中的像平面滤波技术研究

基于数字全息图的频谱平面滤波及像平面滤波技术,最近出现两种可变放大率的物光波前重建方法.为适应数字全息精细检测的要求,对两种滤波方法进行了研究,导出让局部重建图像布满重建平面的表达式.研究结果表明,像平面滤波技术优于频谱平面滤波技术,基于像平面滤波技术的重建方法能够按照需要的放大率高质量地重建局部物光场.给出彩色数字全...     

数字全息中的一些基本问题分析

利用全息理论、傅里叶频谱分析和采样定理，在模拟和数字全息光栅实验基础上，分析了数字全息记录和再现中的一些基本问题。结果表明：在物体和CCD尺寸确定的情况下，记录光路结构参量只取决于对图像采样的要求及CCD的像素尺寸，只要物体到CCD的距离满足采样要求，数字全息图再现光场的三个部分就可以分离；用准直平行光作为记录参考光和模拟再现光，可以得到与物体大小和形状完全一致的再现像；采样条件对再现像的影响大于分离条件，减小参物光的夹角记录适当过采样的数字全息图，有利于提高再现像的质量；另外，在获得高质量再现像方面，根据物体的具体特征，尽可能记录高质量的数字全息图，与满足采样条件和分离条件具有同样重要的意义。     

Velocity and density field measurements by digital speckle method

Velocity and density field measurements based on image processing of laser speckle or pseudo-speckle pattern have been developed. Laser speckle velocimetry (LSV) or white-light speckle velocimetry (WSV), which corresponds to a high-image-density PIV, gives a local velocity vector map or whole field velocity contour map of a two-dimensional flow field seeded densely with fine particles. This technique has an advantage in high-speed flow measurement without limit of frame rate except for directional ambiguity. New techniques of laser speckle photography and laser speckle interferometry by means of digital image processing have been developed recently for density field measurements. In laser speckle photography, a local density gradient vector map is reconstructed by cross-correlation evaluation between the reference and the object speckle patterns. In laser speckle interferometry, an equi-density contour map is reconstructed by image subtraction between the reference and the object interferometric speckle patterns.     

Increment of lateral resolution in digital holography by speckle noise removal

Experimental features such as wavelength, camera specifications and reconstruction distance determine the theoretical limit for lateral resolution in digital holography. However, the actual experimental resolution limit is about 50% below such theoretical limit due to the high-contrast speckle noise presented in the reconstructed holograms. Recently, a technique has been introduced to reduce the contrast of speckle noise that is based on the superposition of uncorrelated hologram reconstructions of the same static object [5] (Garcia-Sucerquia et al., 2006). By this approach of reducing the contrast of the speckle noise, it is experimentally shown that an improvement of the order of 50% can be reached when 100 reconstructed images are superimposed.     

基于液晶空间光调制器的全息显示

在传统的纯相位全息显示系统中, 一般基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法来计算相位全息图, 在FFT的计算中需要遵循Nyquist采样定理, 因此, 重建图像的尺寸往往受限于空间光调制器的固定采样率. 这个限制可以通过卷积算法或者两步菲涅耳衍射算法来解决, 但是需要使用多个FFT的计算, 导致计算量增大. 鉴于此, 提出了一种基于透镜的纯相位全息图计算方法. 在全息图的计算中, 通过透镜的成像原理建立一个采样率可变的虚拟全息面, 通过调节相应的距离参数使得在全息图的计算中可以任意调节原始图像的采样率, 摆脱了传统方法中液晶空间光调制器带宽积对重建图像尺寸的限制, 并且这种算法只需使用一次FFT就能达到变采样率的衍射计算, 大幅提高了全息图的计算速度. 数值模拟及光学实验结果证明了此方法可以在全息显示光学系统中清晰地重建不同尺寸的图像. 同时该系统可以有效地消除由空间光调制器的像素化结构带来的零级衍射.     

彩色全息图的计算机产生和数字再现

提出了一种基于色彩合成以及菲涅尔衍射原理,用计算机产生全息图并用数字方法再现彩色全息图的方法。该方法的第一步是将物体的彩色RGB图像分离为三基色强度图,再利用博奇编码的方法制成修正离轴参考光分色计算机全息图;第二步是分别对分色全息图在频域进行调制以实现用原参考光真实再现原始物光波。通过滤波消除零级衍射及共轭像的影响,获得了所需要的实像并提高了像质。提供的实验是选用一幅RGB图像作为原始物体,给出了用博奇编码法制成的全息图以及最后经色彩合成获得的再现像。结果表明,该方法能使各分色全息图的再现像准确重合,解决了在色彩合成时容易出现的色串扰问题。     

三维物体多重菲涅耳计算全息水印与无干扰可控重建方法

提出了一种基于三维物体的多重菲涅耳计算全息水印方法.将水印信号作为虚拟三维物体的层面,首先结合分区复用层析法和菲涅耳双随机相位编码方法产生复噪声形式的水印信号;然后对水印信号的频谱作共轭对称处理实现实值编码;为减小对宿主全息图数字重建的影响,将水印信号的频谱设置于对宿主数字重建影响小的频谱非感兴趣区域;编码后的信号以一定强度叠加于宿主全息图,水印信号恢复无需原始宿主全息图信息,可实现盲提取,对宿主全息图重建像面的二维码可扫描识别.仿真测试结果表明,所提出的方法具有较好的透明性和稳健性,在宿主全息图遭受滤波、JPEG(联合图像专家小组)压缩、高斯噪声、剪切、旋转等各种攻击的情况下,不论对宿主还是水印信号仍具有良好的数字重建质量,对重建像面的二维码仍可扫描识别;而重建像面水印信号的无干扰可控重建后处理操作解决了不同层面水印信号之间的衍射干扰问题,提高了水印信号的重建质量.虚拟光学手段的应用丰富了水印信号设计方法并提升了算法的安全性.     

基于条纹等值线相关的散斑条纹图处理新方法

在数字散斑干涉术中,通常由物体变形前后得到的两幅原始散斑场用相减方法来得到条纹图,并由相移后的多幅(三幅以上)条纹图来求取相位场。介绍了一种基于条纹等值线相关的条纹图生成新方法,并在此基础上提出了基于单幅干涉条纹图的相位场提取新方法和基于条纹等值线相关的单步相移新方法。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的结果和发展前景。